Udindo Hrs wa Caucasus, malo, zinthu zachilengedwe

Udindo Hrs wa Caucasus akadali ndi nkhani ya kusamvetsetsana pakati pa asayansi. Ndipotu, ndi malire pa Ulaya ndi Asia. Koma pamene ndendende mwagona cordon? Ngati tingayerekezere kuti m'tsinde kum'mwera, chimbuzi ku Europe ndi phiri Elbrus. Koma ngati malire limayenda limodzi Main Caucasus lokwera, ndi Mont Blanc. dziko la mapiri ndi anawonjezera kwambiri. M'madera a Caucasus zachitika nyengo yake. malo awa amasiyana zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi chikhalidwe. M'nkhaniyi tiona kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za nkhope ambiri Caucasus dongosolo phiri.

Malo pa mapu a dziko

Ndi dera Europe ndi ku Asia pakati pa Black Sea ndi Azov Sea kumadzulo ndi Nyanja ya Caspian kummawa. Kumpoto kwa Caucasus akutambasula lalikulu East European Plain. Lalikulu lamapiri ali mwini osiyana malire zachilengedwe. Udindo Hrs wa Caucasus pakati pa nyanja ziwiri za Atlantic ndi dziko lonse osachiritsika nyanja ya Caspian ikuti kuti kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa malire a dongosolo phiri kuoneka bwino bwino. Nanga bwanji za kumpoto makamaka kum'mwera si yapafupi. Kuma-Manych maganizo lagona m'deralo Nyanja Caspian kwa Azov ndi Kerch Khwalala. Amaona malire kumpoto kwa Caucasus. Kumwera kwa dongosolo lino amapita bwino m'mapiri a Turkey ndi Iran. Border akhoza kugawidwa kugwirabe zakale boma cordon Soviet m'deralo. Tsopano ndi ku Georgia, Armenia ndi Azerbaijan. The kum'mwera akuthamanga pamodzi paphirilo Chiameniya yachonde, mtsinje Araks ndipo akubwera Talysh Mountains.

Geotectonics pa mapu

Udindo Hrs wa Caucasus amalankhula zimasonyeza chakuti mapiri ndi mbali ya lamba Alpine-Himalaya. Pali kupitirirabe tectonic ntchito, ngakhale palibe mapiri yogwira. Malinga yomanga Caucasus geomorphological lagawidwa anayi orographic dera. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa iwo timafupa a.

Mu kumpoto kukafika Ciscaucasian mbalambanda, kukuchitika Mzere lonse la Azov kwa Nyanja ya Caspian. Komanso kum'mwera, mapiri anagwetsa mapiri ang'onoang'ono. Pa Big Caucasus lokwera ili dongosolo nsonga yaikulu - Elbrus ndi Kazbek. Izi dera lalikulu alinso ndi makhalidwe yake. South za izo ndi Transcaucasian maganizo. Amakhala wa Kura-Araks m'zigwa ndi Colchis. Iwo taphunzira Transcaucasian okwera. Izo, nawonso, lagawidwa pawiri. Mapiri a Caucasus Wamng'ono ndi Javakheti-Chiameniya Highland.

Mu mapu ndale za dzikoli

South wa Main Caucasus ndi palokha ndipo mwayekha boma la Georgia, Armenia ndi Azerbaijan. North mapiri wotanganidwa ndi la Russia. Palinso mayiko lonena za Caucasus: South Ossetia, Abkhazia ndi Nagorno-Karabakh. tsogolo lawo, monga udindo andale, ndi yosokoneza kwambiri. Ku Russia kudera mabungwe angapo malo. Kuti kumpoto ndi Stavropol ndi Krasnodar m'madera. Iwo anazindikira zigawo achisangalalo wa Russia. Mu kumpoto, kum'mawa amenewa yoyenda yokha Caucasus mayiko mu Russian Federation monga Adygea, Ingushetia, Dagestan, dera Kabardino-Balkaria, Chechnya, North Ossetia ndi Karachay-Cherkessia. zikuchokera National a anthu m'mayiko amenewa si zokongola. Ali ngati nthawi zosiyanasiyana nkhondo yapakati-mitundu. Hot mawanga a Caucasus anali Chechnya, South Ossetia, Dagestan, dera Ingushetia. Nagorno-Karabakh akadali gawo kutsutsana pakati Armenia ndi Azerbaijan.

Madera a Caucasus mapiri

Kutalika yaikulu lokwera inatsogolera chakuti aliyense wa iwo ali mbali yake linalake. Choncho, dziko lamapiri akhoza kugawidwa osati pa kumpoto chapakati ndi kum'mwera, komanso kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo Caucasus. Ngati tikambirana lokwera chachikulu, ndiye n'zotheka kupeza gawo limene limayamba pa Absheron chilumba ndi limatuluka kuti Kazbek. Izi Caucasus East. Zoni chapakati khamu la kwambiri wothinikizidwa, nagawira manambala (waukulu) ndi ofananira kugawa kumpoto ndi kum'mwera mbali ya dziko. A Western Caucasus akuyamba pa Taman chilumba ndipo pang'onopang'ono limatuluka kuti Elbrus (5642 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja). Kakang'ono chigawo chapakati, awiriwa nsonga zazitali kwambiri za mapiri, anaikira ena mamita zikwi zisanu onse: Dykhtau, Mijirghi, Jangi-matchalitchi anayamba, Pushkin, Koshtantau, Shkhara. Aliyense wa awa pamwamba Mont Blanc mu Alps (4807 m).

wamng'ono Caucasus

South wa Main (kugawa) manambala kuyambira pa nyanja, lalikulu mpumulo maganizo. Apa zigwire Madera a Caucasus, monga yonyowa Colchis otsika kumadzulo ndi youma Alazan ndi Kura-Araz mbalambanda pa kum'mawa. Koma kum'mwera kwa deflections kachiwiri kukwera m'phirimo. submeridional Likhi manambala Only zikugwirizana Wamkulu Caucasus ndi Small. Dzina la yotsirizira sayenera akusocheretseni aliyense. Kumene, pamwamba pa Wamng'ono Caucasus otsika Kazbek ndi Elbrus. Koma apa ndiye phiri la Ararati (5165 m). Ndi chimbuzi cha Asia Minor. Pali m'dera lino zambiri nsonga pamwamba pa Alpine Mont Blanc. Wamng'ono Caucasus anapotoza 600-kilometre Arc. A zambiri zitunda zake ndi msinkhu wa makilomita 2-3. Amawapatula ndi mabeseni kwambiri intermountain. Kum'mwera kwa ranges phiri anatambasula lalikulu Javakheti-Chiameniya Highland. Amakhala ndi zitunda mapiri zitunda zathyathyathya kudula ndi maphompho kwambiri. The chimbuzi m'derali - Aragats (4090 m).

dongosolo phiri kum'mwera kumene umatha

Udindo Hrs wa Caucasus ndi chotero kuti n'zovuta kudziwa malire. Mu zitunda kum'mwera chakum'mawa pang'onopang'ono kusunthira mu Talysh Mountains, zikuthera Lenkoran otsika pafupi Caspian Nyanja (28 mamita pansi pa nyanja). Kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera kumadzulo Wamng'ono Caucasus akudutsa mu Alborz mapiri. unyolo uwu kumpoto Iran ndi mbali ya mapiri Pontic mu Asia Minor. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti malire a kum'mwera kwa mapiri ndi Lankaran m'zigwa ndi Talish mapiri Alborz mapiri.

anthu Caucasus

Dera limeneli ndi anthu magulu za makumi asanu mtundu. Ndipo aliyense wa iwo analenga chikhalidwe yake yapadera. Makamaka sakanikira mu zikuchokera mitundu ndi North Caucasus (Russia). Dera limeneli ndi kumene kuli Kabardian, Adygei, Cherkess, Shapsugs, Chechens, Ingush, Batsbi, Tsakhurs, Tabasaran, Rutuls, Lezgins, Laks, Dargin, Aguls, Avars. Palinso anthu amene amalankhula m'zilembo chinenero Altai banja. Iwo Nogai, truhmeny, Kumyks Karachai, Balkars, Meskhetian Turkey. Transcaucasia ndi anthu a ku Georgia, ku Armenia, Azerbaijanis. Koma zikuchokera mitundu ya mayiko izi sakanikira. Pakati pa akuluakulu a mitundu titular m'mayiko amenewa pali Abkhazians, Ossetians, Tats, Talysh, Mountain Ayuda, Yezidis, Kurds, Asuri. Ndipo linafika anthu akhazikika mbiri yaitali m'mphepete izi phiri. Izi Russian, Ukrainians, Agiriki, Ayuda Chitata ndi ena. Zipembedzo zazikulu ndi Islam (monga Shia ndi Sunni) ndi Orthodox.

zinthu zivomerezi

m'gawo Caucasus lagona kwathunthu mu lamba Alpine-Himalaya. Kudera limeneli m'manja kwambiri. Choncho, kawirikawiri zivomezi Caucasus. Kuchuluka zivomerezi ntchito m'chigawo kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti mapiri chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa mbale tectonic kukula kwa theka centimeter chaka. Pa nthawi yomweyo otsika amagwa kwambiri. Zimenezi si mofulumira - kuchokera millimeters awiri sikisi pa chaka. Zivomezi zambiri mu Caucasus, yeniyeni kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mapiri Chiameniya. The womaliza masoka achilengedwe, omwe anapha anthu ambirimbiri, chinachitika mu 1988. Mountain Caucasus chifukwa ntchito yake yapamwamba zivomerezi umamumvera zigumukire pafupipafupi, kuwundana ndi mudflows. zivomezi Small chifukwa rockfalls ndi kugumuka. m'dambo zofewa anatsuka mitsinje ndi njira zina kukokoloka. Choncho anapanga mapanga. Ali ambiri makamaka kumpoto Wamkulu Caucasus. Wokwanira kukumbukira Vorontsov phanga dongosolo, New Athos, Snow Vuto (kuya kwake - 1370 m), Lago-Naki yachonde.

Nyengo ya Caucasus

dziko lino lamapiri lagona pa malire a subtropical ndi kotentha mabacteria achilengedwe. Inu mukhoza kunena kuti: mpanda wa Kumwambamwamba, amene ndi Caucasus palokha ndi nyengo-kupanga chinthu. Nsonga-zisanu mamita zikwi bwinobwino kusungira otsetsereka kum'mwera kwa chisanu. Pa nthawi yomweyo m'tsinde kumpoto Caucasus adzatenge kuwombera kutentha onse otsika. Makamaka kukwapula kusiyana mu makhalidwe nyengo anati m'nyengo yozizira. Pamene mu gawo Russian wa dziko lamapiri ndi snowfalls wolemera mu Caucasus mayiko akulamulira bwino, youma ndi ofunda nyengo. Inde, mapiri zazikulu kwambiri anati zone okwera. Pa chisanu nsonga chaka chonse. Pansipa zone lichens ndi ndere m'malo ya m'mapiri dambo, coniferous ndi nkhalango deciduous. Ndipo m'zigwa amasangalala diso ndi zobiriwira yobiriwira zomera subtropical.

Caucasus mitsinje

dera madzi mitsempha ndi phiri khalidwe la otaya, ndi Choncho mbali yofunika kwambiri mu gawo la mphamvu. Izo ziyenera kuti otsetsereka a kumpoto kwa Caucasus mosabisa, elongated, pamene kum'mwera - phompho ndi kwakukulu. chotsatira mpumulo pa mtsinje. Kumpoto kwa dziko phiri, iwo kukhala lathyathyathya chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, Don. Kuban - mtsinje waukulu wa North Caucasus. Koma pali m'dera lino lamapiri kudya ndi chipwirikiti mitsinje. Izi makamaka Kura ndi Terek. Caucasus mitsinje a mabeseni nyanja atatu, amene adzazungulire lamapiri. Terek, Aras, Kura, Kuma ndi Sulak kuyenda mu Nyanja ya Caspian. Atagwirizana ndi Black Sea beseni madzi monga Bzyb, Kodori, Inguri, Rioni. Azov chakudya Don, Kuban. Nyanja yaikulu mu dera ndi Sevan.

Nature Caucasus

Lamapiri zodabwitsa zosiyanasiyana mitunda. Pali subtropical lowland zithaphwi, wandiweyani nkhalango Oil, mitengo boxwood, Alps meadows. Pa msinkhu ndithu mamita zoposa zikwi zitatu chimakhala chogwidwa ndi lichens ndi ndere. Madzi oundana akuyamba pa mamita 3,500 pamwamba pa nyanja. M'tsinde kumpoto kwa Caucasus ozizira. Ofukula zonation malo otsetsereka awa amakhala ndi kusintha mwadzidzidzi cha mabacteria. chisanu malire mu North Caucasus lagona poyerekeza kum'mwera - pa kuzungulira 2800 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja. Mountain zinyama a m'dera ayenera kutetezedwa. Lynx ndipo nyalugwe Caucasus ali pafupi kutha. A mitundu mbadwa ya njati, mphalapala ndi akambuku mbisoweka palimodzi. Koma mpaka pano, amapezeka m'zigwa phiri la zimbalangondo, ndi Boar zakutchire, chinkhoma ndi nkhosa zamphongo zam'tchire. Monga zomera, ndi Caucasus chikudziwika ngati malo amene hogweed chiphona. Mu 1890, iye anatengedwera ku Ulaya ngati chomera yokongola. Kuyambira pamenepo iye yoopsa kwambiri ndi mwamakani neophyte.

mipata zamasewela Caucasus

Derali lili pakati pa nyanja atatu kum'mwera. Pali unakhazikitsidwa nyengo wofatsa, kusintha kwa kotentha kuti subtropical. Mkulu mapiri kulenga zosiyanasiyana kwambiri okongola. Fast madzi mitsinje ngati akukuitanani kuti rafting. Zonse izi zimawapangitsa Caucasus mu dera bongo. Koma pano simungathe yekha kumasuka komanso kuchiritsa. Zimenezi wambirimbiri madzi mchere omwe aumbike mwa miyala. Dziko lonse amadziwa mtundu "Borjomi" omwe amagulitsa kumayiko Georgia. Koma palibe kuchepa kwa chuma bongo ndi North Caucasus. Kislovodsk, Mineralnye Vody, Georgievsk, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, Lermontov - midzi onsewa achisangalalo ili mu dera Stavropol. Zolsky District (Kabardino-Balkaria) anatchuka Narzanov Tambukan ndipo umathandizanso matope nyanja.