Vinyo wamphesa wokongoletsa

Vinyo wamphesa ndi chakumwa chokoma ndi chokoma, kuthetsa ludzu ndichisangalalo cha moyo. Mbiri yake imabwerera ku nthawi zakale, imodzi mwa zitsulo zakale zopezeka m'dothi ndi zotsalira za vinyo asayansi zimakhala pafupifupi 5000 BC! Koma vinyo sichidabwitsa komanso chokoma chomwa chakumwa, chimakhala ndi zothandiza komanso ngakhale mankhwala. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti izi zikhazikitsidwe pakukhazikika kwa magazi, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa magazi ndi kuyeretsa mwazi, kukonzekera kudya ndi kugona tulo. Komanso, vinyo ali ndi mabakiteriya a chilengedwe - pamene pang'ono pang'ono pangowonjezeredwa m'madzi, amachititsa kuti kolera ndi typhus zife.

Masitolo m'masitolo tsopano ali odzaza vinyo, komabe, monga masewero olimbitsa thupi, ambiri a iwo ndi achinyengo chabe omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku mowa wosakaniza ndi kuwonjezera kwa mitundu ya zakudya. Nanga bwanji ngati nthawi zina mumafuna kudzichitira nokha ku holide yokhala ndi botolo la vinyo weniweni wamphesa, osati woperekedwa ndi munthu wosadziwika ndi wosadziwika kwa chiyani? Njira yokhayo yotulukira ndiyo kupanga nokha!

Kukonzekera vinyo kuchokera ku mphesa kunyumba sikuli kovuta kwambiri. Inde, zidzatenga khama lanu pokha pokha pokhapokha, koma zotsatira zake ziposa zonse zomwe zikuyembekezera! Ndipo inu ndi alendo anu mungasangalale ndi zakumwa zenizeni ndi zopambana, mu kulawa, zochuluka kwambiri kuposa sitolo zofanana!

Pali maphikidwe ambiri opanga vinyo wa mphesa, ndipo ambiri a iwo ali okhoza ngakhale oyamba, omwe kwa nthawi yoyamba anaganiza kuti ayesetse dzanja lawo kunyumba. Ndipo ngakhale palibe munda wamphesa, zipangizo za kukonzekera kwa vinyo zikhoza kugulidwa, chifukwa ngakhale pakali pano chogulitsidwa chotsirizira pa mtengo chidzakhala chotchipa kusiyana ndi kugula vinyo wa mphesa za khalidwe lomwelo.

Zipatso zokoma zokha zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa mu August-September ndizoyenera kupanga vinyo. Zipangizo zamakono ziyenera kukhala zoyera, chifukwa chimodzi mwa malamulo a winemakers weniweni sichiyenera kusamba mphesa pansi pa madzi. Pa khungu la zipatso zimakhala ndi zowawa zakutchire. Pokonzekera vinyo, zipatso ziyenera kusankhidwa makamaka mosamala, kutulutsa zonse zowonongeka, kuchotsa zonse zowonongeka ndi zovunda, kuti zisasokoneze kukoma kwa zakumwa.

Anthu ambiri opanga chipangizo chamagetsi amakhulupirira kuti chophika chophika bwino popanga vinyo wopangidwa kunyumba ndi enamel kapena galasi. Zakudya zazitsulo sizili zoyenera konse, chifukwa kukhudzana ndi vinyo ndi chitsulo kumayambitsa mankhwala, ndipo zakumwa zimakhala zowonongeka ndipo zimakhala zokoma zoipa. Kuphika ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu - ndi 15-20 malita, chifukwa chazing'ono vinyo wamphesa akuyendayenda mofulumira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kulamulira njirayi. Musanagwiritse ntchito, mbale zonse ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi otentha ndi soda.

Ikani zipatso zosankhidwa mu lalikulu saucepan kapena beseni ndikupunthira. Ena opanga mphoto amawalangiza kuti azichita mwachindunji ndi manja awo, wina amagwiritsa ntchito zikwama zopangira izi, kutulutsa zipatso mwa iwo ndikuwathira juzi kuchokera kwa iwo, ndipo wina amawaza ndi tolkushka wamba. Mulimonse momwe mungasankhire, lamulo lalikulu ndilo - kuthyola mphesa zonse kumodzi, kotero kuti palibe imodzi yokha.

Pambuyo pa njirayi, keke idzakhala pansi, ndipo pamwamba pa poto padzakhala madzi oyera. Izi ziyenera kupendedwa kudzera mu botolo lopangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo tokhathamirako ndi kutsanulira m'mabotolo okonzedwa kuti tiwoneke, ndikudzaza ndi osapitirira theka. Tsiku loyamba liyenera kuthetsedwa, ndiyeno yonjezerani madzi ozizira ozizira ndi shuga atasungunuka mkati mwake ndi buku la ¾. Kuwerengera kwachitika izi: 10 malita a madzi akuwonjezeka 5 malita a madzi ndi 3-6 makilogalamu shuga. Kufalikira kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndiko kufotokozedwa ndi zokonda zaumwini - osachepera pang'ono kuwonjezera, vinyo wochuluka wa "mphesa" udzatha. Winemakers amalimbikitsa kuwonjezerapo zosapitirira 6 makilogalamu shuga pa 10 malita a madzi - kuchuluka kwakekukwanira kupeza vinyo wokoma kwambiri wa mchere.

Botolo lokhala ndi vinyo limakhala lolimba kwambiri ndi choyimitsa, kumene chubu imayikidwa kuchotsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide. Mapeto a chubu amaikidwa mu mtsuko wodzaza madzi. Izi sizilola mpweya kulowa m'sitima, zomwe zingasokoneze ndondomeko ya nayonso mphamvu. Ngati chirichonse chikuchitidwa molondola, ndiye kuti nthawi zonse padzakhala mphutsi za gasi m'madzi. Ngati palibe, ndiye kuti pulasitale siimitseka khosi mwamphamvu, pakadali pano nkofunika kuthetsa vutolo mwamsanga, mwinamwake mutenga vinyo wosasa m'malo mwa vinyo . Pofuna kusunga botolo bwino, pulagi ikhoza kuyamwa ndi mayeso owopsa kapena pulasitiki.

Kuti mupitirize kuthirira, zitsulo zopangidwa ndi wort zimayikidwa pamalo ozizira, makamaka ndi kutentha kosapitirira 15 ° C, makamaka ngati chipinda chapadera. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti vinyo wamphesa sakonda kutentha kwadzidzidzi pa magawo onse opanga. Ndondomeko ya nayonso imatenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kapena awiri (malingana ndi kutentha kwa nyengo, pamwamba pake, mofulumira). Kutha kwathunthu kwa mpweya wa carbon dioxide mu mtsuko ndi madzi kumasonyeza mapeto ake.

Pambuyo pa vinyo pamapeto pake, imakhala yowonekera, nthiti ndi thovu zimakhala pansi. Iyenera kutsanuliridwa mosamala kwambiri, kuti mchere usalowe mu vinyo watha kuchokera pansi. Vinyo wamphesa wakonzeka! N'zotheka kuyambitsa cholawa choyamba, ndipo kusungirako kosungirako kumatsanulira m'mabotolo aang'ono ndikusiyidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba pamtunda wotentha wosapitirira 20 ° C.