Wambiri Karla Marksa mwachidule

May 5, 1818 mu Trier, zokhudza Rhineside Prussia, Karl Marx anabadwa - tsogolo zachuma kwambiri, katswiri wa nzeru Katswiri ndi womenyera ufulu chitukuko, ndakatulo, wolemba mtolankhani ndale. Wambiri Karla Marksa ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

bambo ake anali Myuda wina wachilamulo. Iye anavomereza Chiprotestanti mu 1824. Marx banja anali ndithu wolemera ndi otukuka, koma osati chosintha.

zaka yunivesite

Maphunziro galamala (1830-1835) akupitiriza yonena Karla Marksa. Photos wa zachuma ndi nzeru zapamwamba ndi anapereka m'munsimu.

Nditamaliza maphunziro ku zolimbitsa thupi mu Trier, Marx ifika woyamba pa University of Bonn ndipo kenako mu Berlin. Iye anaphunzira jurisprudence, koma koposa zonse - nzeru ndi mbiri. Maphunzirowa linamalizidwa mu 1841. The nzeru za Epicurus anali mutu wa nkhani yolembedwa yunivesite ya Marx. Mu maganizo ake, iye anali akadali pa nthawi imeneyi Hegelian idealist. Mu Berlin Marx a bwalo otchedwa kumanzere Hegelians (kwa amene ali, makamaka, Bruno Bauer neri Al.). nthumwi zake anafuna nzeru Hegel ndi kuti kunachitika ndi anthu wosakhulupirira Mulungu tanthauzo lake.

Kusamukira ku Bonn

Wambiri Karla Marksa m'zaka za unyamata wake chinali ndi chakuti maphunziro yunivesite anasamukira ku Bonn. Iye ankafuna kukhala pulofesa. Komabe, mfundo reactionary a boma la nthawi, imene 1832 mosatsata Ludwig Feuerbach ndi dipatimenti anakana mu 1836 kachiwiri kumuika yunivesite, ndipo mu 1841 anachotsa chokhoza kwa Bruno Bauer, pulofesa wamng'ono, kuwerenga nkhani ku Bonn, anapanga Marx kusiya ntchito wasayansi.

Kumanzere Hegelian ku Germany

Mu Germany, kupanga maganizo a kumbali ya Kumanzere Hegelian patsogolo mofulumira kwambiri pa nthawi imeneyi. Makamaka kuyambira 1836 Lyudvig Feyerbah wayamba kutsutsa za zamulungu, kuyesera kutembenukira kwa chuma, potsiriza kuyang'ana pamwamba mu 1841. ( "Chikristu"). "Mfundo za Philosophy cha Tsogolo" anatuluka mu 1843. Chichewa analemba za ntchito zimenezi nthawi ina, kuti Hegelians Kumanzere anali pomwepo "Feuerbachians".

Kusamukira ku Cologne, "Rheinische Zeitung"

Rhenish kwakukulu bourgeois amene anali kukumana nawo Hegelians Kumanzere, anakhazikitsidwa mu Cologne, chofalitsa chitsutso amatchedwa "Rheinische Zeitung". Iye anatuluka mu 1842, 1 January. Bruno Bauer ndi Marx anaitanidwa nyuzipepala yake ndodo zazikulu. Ndipo m'chaka chomwecho, mu October, Marx anakhala mkonzi wamkulu. Anasamukira ku Bonn kuti Cologne, kumene anapitiriza yonena lake Karla Marksa.

Pamene editorship a Charles chosintha-demokalase makhalidwe a kalata iyi anakhala zambiri pa nthawi. Choyamba, boma pansi nyuzipepala patatu kufufuza ndipo kenako kwathunthu kutseka izo (mu 1843, 1 January). Marx ndi nthawi iyi anali kusiya ntchito mkonzi. Komabe, kusiya nyuzipepala ake sanali kusunga. Mu March 1843, izo zinali kutsekedwa. Chichewa anati kwa nkhani yaikulu Marx mu "Rheinische Zeitung" Mwachitsanzo, nkhani zikuchitika ku chigwa cha Mosel winemakers wamba. Nyuzipepala ntchito anatsegula Marx kuti si kudziŵa zokwanira ndi pafupi chuma ndale. Pamenepo anayamba mwakhama.

Ukwati, kusamukira ku Paris

Karl Marx, amene yonena ndife chidwi, mu 1843, anakwatira Jenny Von Vestafalen mu Kreuznach. Iwo anali bwenzi la ubwana wake, mtsikana amene anali akali wophunzira, iye anali pachibwenzi. mkazi wake anali a m'banja lapamwamba zotani Prussian.

M'bale mkulu wa ake ku Prussia anali mtumiki mkati mwa munthu kwa nthawi kwambiri reactionary (1850 ndi 1858). Mu 1843, mu kugwa, Marx anasamukira ku Paris kuti nukalalikire, pamodzi ndi Arnold Ruge kumanzere Hegelian kwakukulu magazini - ". German-French Buku Lapachaka" Komabe, chiwerengero ndatsala ndekha. Anasiya ntchito zina chifukwa n'kovuta mobisa kutumiza ku Germany, komanso chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi Arnold Ruge. Marx mu nkhani zinalembedwa magazini ino, akutumikira monga kulalikila "Kutsutsa zonse zilipo" chosintha. Makamaka, iye anatsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zimenezi ndi kukadandaula ku proletariat ndi atumwiwo.

Ankadziwa Fridrihom Engelsom

Iye anafika ku Paris mu September 1844 Fridrih Chichewa kwa masiku angapo. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye anakhala bwenzi lapamtima Karla Marksa. Pamodzi nawo moyo wa magulu osiyanasiyana chosintha ku Paris. Proudhon chiphunzitso motero anali ndi tanthauzo lapadera. Naye molimba zitakhazikika Marx mu "The Umphawi wa Philosophy," lofalitsidwa mu 1847. Iwo apanga kumenyana ziphunzitso zazing'ono-bourgeois sosholisimu, njira ndi chiphunzitso cha chikominisi (kapena Marxism) ndi chosintha proletarian sosholisimu. Photo Chichewa anapereka m'munsimu.

Kupita ku Paris ku Brussels, "League of Achikominisi"

Malinga ndi kuumirira boma Prussian mu 1845 iye anachotsedwa Paris monga chosintha oopsa Karl Marx. yonena prodlozhilas wake ku Brussels, kumene anasamukira ndi banja lake. Marx ndi Chichewa m'chaka cha 1847 anagwirizana kampani pansi pa dzina "League Communist." Iwo mu msonkhano wake wachiwiri, womwe unachitikira ku London mu 1847, anatenga mbali zofunika kwambiri. M'malo mwa anthu a, Marx ndi Chichewa anapanga "Manifesto Communist", linatuluka mu 1848, mu February. Mu ntchito iyi ankafotokozedwa chuma zogwirizana - lingaliro latsopano la dziko, kuphimba komanso dera cikhalidwe. Dialectics, iwo ankaganiza - chiphunzitso kwambiri kwambiri ndi mabuku chitukuko. Inali kuperekedwa chiphunzitso cha udindo chosintha wa proletariat ndi kulimbana kalasi, mlengi wa watsopano, anthu chikominisi.

Wambiri Karla Marksa mu zaka 1848-1849.

Mu 1848 anayamba ulimi wa February. Karl Marx anam'thamangitsira ku Belgium. Mwachidule yonena za iye mu zaka 1848-1849. lotsatira. Iye anapitiriza kuti Paris, ndiyeno pambuyo March utasintha, kuti Cologne. Apa mu June 1848 May 1849 amasulidwe "Neue Rheinische Zeitung". mkonzi wake wamkulu anali Karl Marx, kanthawi yonena umene panthawi imeneyo unali wotchuka ndi zochitika zingapo zofunika. Wanzeru latsopano chiphunzitso Inde zochitika kunachitika lidatsirizika zimene zinachitika 1848-1849 gg. Kenako linatsimikizidwa popereka m'mayiko onse proletarian ndi demokalase a dziko.

kugonjetsedwa Choyamba kauntala-zisinthe wapereka chiweruzo Marx (iye mlanduwo mu 1849, pa February 9), kenako anamtulutsa iye Germany (chaka chino, May 16). Carl coyamba anapita ku Paris, komwe anam'thamangitsira pambuyo chiwonetsero cha June 13, ndipo kenako anapita ku London, kumene ankakhala mpaka imfa yake kale.

Moyo ku ukapolo ku London

Kwambiri zinthu zolemera anali emigrant moyo. Iwo Tingaone momveka kwambiri kuchokera makalata ndi Chichewa, Karla Marksa, lofalitsidwa mu 1913. Marx ndi chosowa chake banja nizitsamwitsa. Ngati si thandizo ndalama ya Chichewa, Karl Sichoncho kokha koma sadathe kumaliza ntchito yake yaikulu, "Capital", koma kuti zivute zitani zatha goli la umphawi. Marx, eschewing mabwalo emigre, anayamba angapo olemba mbiri ya chiphunzitso zakuthupi, makamaka kudzipereka kuphunzira chuma ndale.

ine mayiko

Kuyambira cha m'ma 50 mpaka mu 60s lothandiza kutsitsimuka kayendedwe demokalase zosiyanasiyana adamuyitananso Karla Marksa kuchita. Iwo anakhazikitsidwa mu London September 28, 1864 Ine International. Atagwa 1871, a Paris kulankhula, ndi gulu la Mayiko a ku Ulaya linakhalapo zosatheka. Ndiye Karl Marx pambuyo msonkhano mu The Hague (1872) anasamukira ku New York Council General ake.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wa Karla Marksa

Yogwira ntchito mwa mayiko ndi yovutayi ntchito ongolankhula kwathunthu kuchichepetsa thanzi Marx kale. Ntchito pa "Capital" ndi ndakatulo yobwezeretsanso chuma, anapitiriza kusonkhanitsa kwambiri zakuthupi ndi kuphunzira zinenero (kuphatikizapo Russian). Komabe, matenda sanamulole kumaliza, "Capital".

mkazi wake anamwalira pa 1881, pa 2 December. Patatha zaka 2, 14 March 1883, Karl akugona mu mpando muyaya. Iye anaikidwa mu London, Highgate manda, pamodzi ndi mkazi wake.

ana angapo Marx anafa London ana pa nthawi imene kwambiri banja lake wochotseka. aakazi atatu - Dzhenni Longe, Laura Lafarg ndi Eleonora Eveling - anakwatira Nazi ku French ndi England. Mwana Dzhenni Longe - membala wa Socialist Party wa France.

Kotero, ife ndinakuuzani inu za munthu wamkulu uyu ngati Karl Marx. Wambiri (chidule cha moyo wake ndi zilandiridwenso) chimangooneka kumvetsa zachiphamaso za izo. Ife anafotokoza zochitika zazikulu kulimbikitsa wowerenga kufufuza zina munthu uyu chidwi.

Wambiri Karla Marksa ndi Fridriha Engelsa mu nthawi Soviet anali gawo la dongosolo mokakamiza m'masukulu ambiri. Tsopano kuphunzira za moyo wa anthu awa zikugwira makamaka mbiri yakale komanso chuma. Komabe, iwo ndi maganizo awo ndi chidwi chachikulu. Zingakhale zosangalatsa kwambiri kudziwa munthu ngati Karl Marx. Wambiri, zosangalatsa za izo, ntchito ndi malingaliro - masamba awa onse a mbiri, amene angathe kukhala nthawi yaitali kuphunzira.