Wambiri, moyo ndi ntchito ya Ostrowski

Moyo ndi ntchito ya Ostrovsky - ndi amunamuna tsamba mu mbiri ya munthu, amene gawo anagwa tipirire.

banja

Wolemba Nikolay Alekseevich Ostrovsky (1904 - 1936) anabadwira m'mudzi Ukraine Vilia m'chigawo Volyn m'banja la asilikali. Agogo, Ivan Vasilevich Ostrovsky, anali sanali analamula kapitawo, ngwazi pa nkhondo mu 1855 kuti Malakhov Hill pa chitetezo cha Sevastopol. Zaka za moyo wake Ostrovskogo Ivana Vasilevicha inextricably zogwirizana ndi m'mbuyomu amunamuna a Russia a XIX atumwi.

Atate, Aleksey Ivanovich Ostrovsky, - lomwe si analamula kapitawo wa asilikali lachifumu kwayekha. Iye anali kupereka wa St. George mitanda kwa kulimbamtima mu adani a Shipka ndi Plevna. Zaka moyo Ostrovsky Alexey Ivanovich ndi kunyada mwa mwana wake.

Mayi wa Nicholas, ndi Czech ndi dziko, anali mokondwera ndi zoseketsa mkazi, moyo wa kampani. Banja moyo wochuluka, atumiki anali, nyumba nthawi zonse alendo.

ubwana

Little kumukweza Kolya m'ngolo kudabwa ozungulira luso lake. Pa zaka ndi zaka 9, maphunziro ku sukulu parishi ndipo anali kupita kuphunzira zambiri, koma tsoka analamula ayi. Mu 1914, bambo wake wachotsedwa ntchito, ndi moyo anakomoka usiku. nyumba agulitsidwe, banja madzi anagawanika. Alexey pamodzi ndi Nicky anapita achibale Ternopil, kumene inapemphedwa ntchito za nkhalango ndi.

Nicolai Ostrovsky, mbiri ndi zinthu n'zovuta kwambiri kuzifotokoza zosiyanasiyana, muli ndi wothandizira kapitawo pa sitima m'tauni ya Shepetovka, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi anayamba kugwira ntchito ya zamagetsi. Mu September 1918, mnyamata analowa Shepetovskaya kusukulu ya pulayimale, limene bwinobwino mu 1920.

achinyamata

zingapo zodabwitsa zazikulu padziko lonse unagwa pa achinyamata Nikolaya Ostrovskogo: The First World nkhondo, ndiyeno February utasintha cha 1917 chaka izi zisinthe October ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni itatha yekha mu Ukraine mu 1920. Mu Shepetivka zikusintha mphamvu, Germany anapereka njira kwa White Zitsulo, amene nawonso, naturutsa Red Army, ndiye azungu adadza Pambuyo Petliurists. wamba Shepetovka anali kundivutitsa magulu ambiri kuti talandidwa ndi kuphedwa.

The sukulu Nikolai Ostrovsky anali mtsogoleri, iye zinapatsidwa kwa ophunzirawo Council Chiphunzitso. Mu 1921, womenyera ufulu mayeso ndi inalandira satifiketi kukhwima. Mu chaka chomwecho, Ostrowski m'gulu la Komsomol, ndi kugwa iye anadzakhala wophunzira wa dipatimenti usiku wa Kiev College of Electromechanics. Nicholas anapita kukagwira ntchito zawo, zamagetsi. Moyo ndi zilandiridwenso Ostrovsky pa wophunzira wake ankagwira ntchito monga chitsanzo cha ena.

Njala ndi kuzizira

Ngati ife kufotokoza moyo ndi ntchito Ostrovskogo Mwachidule, komabe zosangalatsa, nkhani nkhani za amphamvu kanthu, munthu waphindu. Zinali zovuta zaka pambuyo nkhondo, pali anapambana owonongedwa, osati chakudya chokwanira, malasha, mankhwala. College Ophunzira ndi Nikolai Ostrovsky pakati pawo kuchita nkhuni, kuti mwanjira kupereka kuzizira Kiev wachikondi. Komanso, ophunzira anamanga njanji zomwe kuwakokera nkhuni kukolola mu mzinda. Posachedwa Ostrovsky ozizira n'kuyamba bedi lake. Mwakayakaya, iye anatumizidwa kunyumba, komwe anakhala miyezi ingapo. Moyo ndi zilandiridwenso Ostrovsky mwachidule kufotokoza zovuta, ndi Chiongoko moyo mibadwo ya mmene tingagonjetsere mavuto.

Pomaliza, matendawa anaphwa, ndi Nicholas anabwerera kusukulu ndi ntchito. Ngakhale College anali lidzasinthidwa Institute, koma kukhala ophunzira yunivesite Ostrovsky sanatero, chifukwa kachiwiri izo wolumala matenda. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wolemba tsogolo anakhala zonse zipatala mtima, chipatala, zipatala ndi dispensaries. Studies anachoka, mnyamata anaopseza kuti khumi kuchipatala bedi kwa nthawi yosatha.

Mu 1922, wolungamitsidwa mantha koipa madokotala ndi Nikolaya Ostrovskogo, iye anali oopsa matenda - ankylosing spondylitis. Ichi chimatanthauza kulephera kuyenda wathunthu, ululu ndi mazunzo, zomwe Patapita zaka zingapo ndi ozama maganizo akuya wolemba adzatha kudutsa chifaniziro cha ngwazi za buku "Kodi Zitsulo Was mtima" Pavel Korchagin. ntchito umalimbikitsa mfundo za moyo Ostrovsky, kufufuza ndi mbiri ya wolemba. Kukana khalidwe Pavel Korchagin - ndi koyenera mwachindunji ndi mlembi wa buku la.

Komsomolskaya ntchito

A sewero mwachidule za moyo ndi ntchito Ostrovskogo zingasonyeze chikhalidwe cha munthu wolimba. Pang'onopang'ono Nicholas anakana mapazi ake, iye amayendapo movutikira, atatsamira ndodo. Komanso, mwendo kumanzere salinso unakhota. Mu 1923 Ostrovsky anasamukira ku mlongo wake mu mzinda ndipo kumeneko amakhala Berezdiv mlembi wa distilikiti ya gulu Komsomol. Anam'dikira maso ntchito m'munda wa chikominisi zolinga propaganda kumunda. Ostrovsky ali odzipereka onse a msonkhano wake nthawi ndi achinyamata m'madera akumidzi, anatha zilimbikitsa achinyamata nkhani tsogolo lowala. khama womenyera ufulu anadalitsidwa ku midzi yakutali panali Komsomol maselo, mnyamata nsangala anathandiza mtsogoleri wawo kukhazikitsa malingaliro chikominisi. Moyo ndi ntchito ya Ostrovsky pa Komsomol mtsogoleri wa positi anakhala chitsanzo kwa ambiri otsatira ake achinyamata.

1924 anali woyamba zinasintha chifukwa Ostrovsky, analowa Party Communist. Kenako anadzakhala membala wa Kulimbana banditry, umembala wake Chon (mphamvu yapadera) wakhala mbali ina ya ntchito womenya mosatopa chifukwa zolinga za kufanana chilengedwe. Moyo ndi zilandiridwenso Ostrovsky zaka nkhawa kwa dziko ndi chitsanzo wodzipereka. Kuchitira nokha ndi ankhanza Nikolai Ostrovsky, iye sanalekerere yekha. Zonse anapita ku ntchito ya kuwononga mdani, kugona usiku. Kenaka kunadza aweruze, thanzi lawo linayamba kuipa. Ntchito anachoka, anayamba nthawi yaitali ndinachira.

Zipatala, spa chithandizo

Review wa moyo ndi ntchito ya Ostrowski akupitiriza nthawi imene lidzachitiridwa intensively. Kwa zaka ziwiri, kuchokera 1924 mpaka 1926, Nikolai Ostrovsky anali Kharkov Medical-Mawotchi Institute, lomwe ndinkakhala nalo njira ya mankhwala akutsatiridwa ndi konzanso. Ngakhale kuti madokotala, panalibe kusintha. Komabe, pa nthawi imeneyo, Nicholas anzanga ambiri atsopano, woyamba umene unali Peter Novikov, ndi adherent okhulupirika kukhala pafupi ku mapeto a Ostrovsky.

Mu 1926, Nicholas anasamukira ku Yevpatoria, tauni ya kumadzulo kwa Crimea chilumba. Apo iye adzamva chithandizo ku chipatala chaching'ono "Maynaki". Mu Crimea, Ostrovsky anakumana ndi Innokentiem Pavlovichem Fedenevym ndi Alexandra Alekseevna Zhigareva, anthu a zolinga mkulu, amene anali kutchedwa "Bolsheviks wa sukulu yakale." abwenzi Chatsopano chidzapangidwa kumathandiza yaikulu mu moyo wa wolembayo, adzakhala makolo lachiwiri. Innocent Fedenev kukhala bwenzi lapamtima la wolemba, mnzake wake mu zochitika za malingaliro a chikominisi. Alexander Zhigareva kukhala "mayi yachiwiri." Moyo ndi Ntchito ya Nikolaya Ostrovskogo kuyambira inextricably zogwirizana ndi anthu awa. Mabwenzi enieni sadzakusiyani konse.

Moyo Novorossiysk

anapitiriza dongosolo la moyo ndi ntchito ya Ostrovsky - ndi anakhala m'dera Krasnodar pa Nyanja Black. Potsatira malangizo a madotolo, Nicholas akupitiriza moyo kum'mwera. Anakwatirayo ndi achibale kumbali akuchikazi, banja Matsyuk mu Novorossiysk. Mu iwo adzakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka ziwiri, kuyambira 1926 mpaka 1928-TH. Health akupitiriza pansi kupita Ostrowski simungathe, kusuntha pa ndodo. nthawi zonse zoyenera kuwerenga mabuku mbali yaikulu ya moyo wake. Nicholas ndi wolemba ankakonda limakhulupirira Gorky, kenako zapamwamba za mabuku Russian: Gogol, Pushkin, Leo Tolstoy.

chidwi umalakalaka Ostrovsky mutu wa Civil nkhondo, iye amayesetsa kumvetsa zimayambitsa zochitika za nthawi imeneyo, m'bale kupha m'bale, ndi atate mwana. Mpweya umodzi kuwerenga Zojambula "CHapaev" Furmanova "Cities ndi Zaka" Fedina, "Iron Stream" Serafimovicha "anatumiza" Libedinskii.

Mu 1927, ankylosing spondylitis, kumene kumakhudza Nikolai Ostrovsky, ufika pachimake, akubwera ziwalo wathunthu wa miyendo. Yendani sangatero, ngakhale ndodo. Yotopetsa ululu sasiya kwa miniti. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Nikolai chigonere. Kuwerenga mabuku pang'ono amatengeka ndi matenda, mabuku, tsiku lililonse kumabweretsa mabuku, amene anakhala mabwenzi apamtima Ostrovsky. An kubwereketsa wodwala akukhala wailesi kuti mwanjira ina, koma kulumikiza ku dziko lakunja.

Kumapeto kwa 1927, Nikolai Ostrovsky amalandira makalata dipatimenti ya University Communist Yakova Sverdlova, ndi chochitika ichi chinali chisangalalo chenicheni pa iye. Axamwali amalandira uthenga yosangalatsa: "ndimaphunzira ku absentia Kunama !!!" Moyo kwa Ostrovsky kwadzaoneni kudwala n'zomveka.

Ndiyeno tsokali wina zimachitika - matenda diso. Ngakhale uli ndi kutupa, koma posachedwapa adzafika imfa ya masomphenya. Madokotala m'gulu choletsedwa kuwerenga, kuti musatope maso. Kodi kuchita, momwe moyo tsopano?

Nyumba Sochi

Odwala adwala Nikolaya Ostrovskogo anaonekera mkazi, Raisa Porfirevna amene anakumana Novorossiysk. Axamwali akuyesetsa kuthandiza banja wamng'ono, zikomo kuyesetsa Aleksandry Zhigarevoy Ostrovskim kupereka nyumba Sochi. Ankatha kusonkhanitsa ndalama, moyo pang'onopang'ono anayamba kumanga. Koma thanzi Nikolai anapitiriza pansi ntchito minofu ndi mafupa pafupifupi linasiiratu, ndondomeko wakhala sizingasinthe. masomphenyawo wofooka tsiku lililonse likadutsa ndi kovuta kuti uwerenge makalata ngakhale lalikulu. Maola mwachidule zina osaona, koma eyestrain pang'ono anachititsa m'dima kachiwiri. General thanzi Ostrovsky zinali zoopsa, chiyembekezo cha kuchira anali. Axamwali nthawi zonse pafupi ndi kungoti anapereka mphamvu kwa mtima.

Moscow nthawi

Wambiri Ostrowski, moyo ndi ntchito afika msinkhu wina mu October 1929, Nicholas ndi mkazi wake anafika ku Moscow chifukwa opaleshoni diso. Ngakhale kuti anayikidwa mu zipatala zabwino Pulofesa M. Averbakh, ambiri kutupa thupi lonse anachititsa sakufuna kuti mumulalikire. sikunali kotheka kuchita opaleshoni.

Kukhala ndi nyumba limodzi mu Moscow wakhala kukula matenda aakulu Ostrovsky. Mkazi akapita kuntchito ndipo iye anakhala yekha. Zinali ndiye kuti anaganiza kulemba bukhu. thupilo ima, ndi moyo kufunira kudzinenera zakukhosi. Mwamwayi, manja ake anasunga zoyendayenda, koma Nicholas sanaone. Ndiye iye anadza ndi chipangizo wapadera, otchedwa "chilungamo", imene anali kwambiri kulemba mwachimbulimbuli. Mizere alimbane mizere bwino, tsamba Kulemba ndi zosavuta, kokha nthawi kusintha mapepala, olembedwa pa ukondewo.

Chiyambi cha zilandiridwenso

Magawo a moyo ndi zilandiridwenso Ostrovsky kufotokoza iye monga munthu wouma amene sanali kuswa mayesero alionse. Disease kokha kulimbitsidwa izo wosapindika chifuniro. Nikolai Ostrovsky anayamba kulemba ntchito yake yoyamba kukhala mwakayakaya, immobile ndi wakhungu. Komabe, iye anatha kulenga ntchito wosafa umene unapita mu mabuku Golden Russian. buku limeneli "Kodi Zitsulo Was mtima".

Iwo analemba bwino usiku, ngakhale kuti zinali zovuta. Morning mbadwa anasonkhana atabalalika pansi ankangodzigwera mapepala, iwo limbitsani ndi kuyesa kuwerenga olembedwa. Dongosololi anali chowawa, pamene Ostrovsky anayamba azikuuzani mawu kwa okondedwa awo, ndipo iwo kuwalemba. choncho nthawi yomweyo anapita bwino, pofuna ntchito ndi wolemba linali lofala. Mu chipinda chaching'ono nyumba limodzi mu Moscow ankati mabanja atatu basi ofanana koposa anthu khumi.

Komabe, si nthawi zonse wakwanitsa ulembedwe ndi kulemba mawu atsopano mwakamodzi, kuyambira achibale onse anali otanganidwa kuntchito. Ndiye Nikolai Ostrovsky anapempha mnzakeyo Galyu Alekseevu kulemba malemba pakamwa. Ndipo wochenjera, wophunzira mtsikana anali singasiyanitsidwe wothandizira.

Roma "Monga mtima zitsulo"

Ostrovsky olembedwa chaputala tinalisindikizanso ndipo anadutsa Aleksandre Zhigarevoy, amene anali mu Leningrad ndipo anafuna pobwezera pamanja kuti ilembedwe. Komabe, zoyesayesa ake onse analephera ntchito Werengani, anayamikira nabwerera. Pakuti Ostrovskogo Roma "Kodi Zitsulo Was mtima" anali tanthauzo la moyo wake, iye waona kuti zolembedwa sadzakhala kusindikiza.

Mu Moscow, buku la buku anayesa kugwiritsa Innokentiy Pavlovich Fedenev, anangomulambalala mapepala ake kwa kusindikiza nyumba "Young Alonda" ndipo anadikira yankho mkonzi. Patapita kanthawi, kenako ndemanga kuti anali kwenikweni negative. Fedenev anaumirira kukonzanso bwinobwino. Ndipo kenako "ayezi anali wosweka", zolembedwa anagwa m'manja wa Maliko analemba Kolosov, amene mwawerenga mosamala zili buku ndi akulimbikitsidwa buku.

Buku la buku la

Wolemba Kolosov, pamodzi ndi mkonzi wamkulu wa magazini ya "The Young Alonda" kumvutitsa Karavaevoy ndikusinthidwa mipukutu, ndi mankhwala anayamba kusindikiza masamba pamwezi. Kunalitu kugonja Nikolaya Ostrovskogo ndi buku lake "Kodi Zitsulo Was mtima". Ndi wolemba anamaliza mgwirizano, analandira amalipiritsa, moyo anapezanso tanthauzo lake.

Ntchito m'magazini yotchedwa "The Young Alonda" mu zipinda zisanu, kuchokera April kuti September 1932. Against limakhala mabanja chilengedwe mokondwera ndi achibale a wolemba izo chisoni kuti buku la yafupika ndi yothetsera machaputala angapo. Yokhala ofalitsa anafotokoza kupanda pepala, koma olemba amakhulupirira kuti "wolumala bukhu." Komabe, pamapeto, Nikolai Ostrovsky anatsanzika.

Kenako, buku la "Mmene Zitsulo Was mtima" mobwerezabwereza tinalisindikizanso kunja ntchito amaona chitsanzo cha khalidwe indomitable Russian. Wolemba anali atalemba buku lina lotchedwa "Kubadwa mwa Mphepo", koma mawu a wolemba, "mankhwala wakhala osakwanira," makamaka kuyambira mathero Ostrovsky wake analibe, iye anamwalira ali ndi zaka 36 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Novodevichy manda ku Moscow .

chikumbukiro

Nthawi zilandiridwenso Ostrovsky - ndi masamba yowala kwambiri njira amunamuna a moyo wa munthu amene analibe mphamvu palibe matenda, palibe anakhumudwa kwambiri. Wolemba walenga chidutswa chimodzi, koma zinali zazikulu kwambiri vumbulutso mu prose, ena olemba ena sizikuchitika onse moyo wawo yaitali. Nikolai Ostrovsky ndi buku lake "Kodi Zitsulo Was mtima" muyaya lolembedwa mu mbiri ya mabuku Russian.