Zovuta malembedwe: Mwachitsanzo ziganizo. Zopumira pa zomangamanga zovuta syntactical

Chinenero cha Chirasha pali wambirimbiri malembedwe, koma kuchuluka awo ntchito, wina - kulanda mawu kulembedwa kapena kunenedwa. Alankhula mu yachibadwa chinenero chitachitika ndi malonda ndi sayansi, iwo ntchito ndakatulo ndi prose. Kungakhale onse malembedwe yosavuta zovuta, cholinga chachikulu cha zimene - bwino lingaliro tanthauzo la zimene zinanenedwa.

Mfundo ya zomangamanga zovuta

olemba Ambiri amakonda kusonyeza Nkhani ntchito yake mothandizidwa ndi ziganizo yosavuta ndi waufupi. Zikuphatikizapo Chekhov ( "kufupika - mlongo luntha"), Babele, O. Henry ndi ena. Koma pali olemba amene ntchito ziganizo ndi zovuta dongosolo syntactic, osati bwino kusonyeza kufotokoza, komanso mmene kuti amatipatsa. Kufalitsidwa kwambiri analandira kwa olemba monga Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Nabokov ndi ena.

Zovuta malembedwe - pempholo lino limene pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ubale syntactic. Iwo akhoza pamodzi:

• Coordinative ndi conjunctionless kulankhulana: "zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa Large pang'onopang'ono poyamba anagwa pena paliponse ndipo kenako mofulumira - ndi Mkuntho anayamba."
• Asyndetic ndi subordinative: "Madzulo, nyengo sakuyenda zikuchepa, palibe ankafuna kupita kokayenda, pamene Nditamaliza ntchito yanga."
• Obwerawa: "alendo onse chete analowa holo, anatenga malo awo, ndipo patapita moti anayamba kulankhula kunong'ona pamene chitseko sikunathandize amene anawaitana pano."
• Coordinative ndi Kumvetsela kugwirizana: "The chokongola chachikulu mapulo tsamba nagwa pa mapazi anga, ndipo ndinaganiza kukatola kuika mu mbiya kunyumba."

Bwino kumanga malembedwe zovuta, muyenera kudziwa mmene mbali inakula. Kuyambira ichinso zimadalira mayikidwe a zizindikiro zopumira.

Coordinative pawiri la mtundu

Mu Russian, ndi malembedwe zovuta akhoza zigwirizana mbali olumikizidwa ndi imodzi mwa mitundu 3 mgwirizano - coordinative, subordination ndi asyndetic kapena zonse mwakamodzi. Syntactic dongosolo coordinative mtundu mankhwala amaphatikizidwa awiri kapena ofanana umafuna chikugwirizana Kutsata zolumikizira.

Pakati pa iwo akhoza kuthetsa kapena kusinthanitsa iwo, chifukwa aliyense wa iwo okha, koma pamodzi tanthauzo la gulu limodzi, mwachitsanzo:

• Awerenge bukhuli ndi mupeza masomphenya atsopano a chenicheni. (Pakati pa bwana awiri zikhoza kutha, koma zili sizinasinthe).
• Kupemphera mkuntho, ndi thambo anaonekera mtambo wakuda, ndi mpweya anadzazidwa ndi chinyezi, ndipo woyamba mphepo gust analimbikitsa Korona mtengo. (Mbali akhoza interchanged, ndi tanthauzo la chiganizo ali yemweyo).

Coordinative chomangira kungakhale chimodzi pa binder ziganizo zovuta. Mumadziwika zitsanzo za kuphatikiza ake ndi chomangira asyndetic.

Osakaniza ntchito intonation

Zovuta malembedwe zambiri Chili chomangira coordinative ndi asyndetic. Chotero anaitana ziganizo zovuta, lomwe magawo olumikiza mzake yekha intonation Mwachitsanzo:

"Iye anafulumizitsidwa sitepe ake (1): zikuchokera, puffing, anapita ku siteshoni (2), ndi nyanga sitima zikutsimikiziridwa (3)."

Pakati pa mbali yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ya kapangidwe conjunctionless kugwirizana, ndi wachiwiri ndi wachitatu ziganizo amaphatikizidwa coordinative akapolo, ali wofanana kwathunthu, ndipo inu mukhoza kuika mfundo pakati pawo.

Mu chitsanzo ichi pali osakaniza asyndetic nsinga coordinative ndi yolongosoka lexical tanthauzo.

Kulengedwa ndi kugwirizana coordinative ndi Kumvetsela

Ziganizo mbali imodzi ndicho, ndi zina yozungulira, wotchedwa pawiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera oyamba wachiwiri, inu nthawi zonse kuyika funso, palibe kanthu komwe iwo ali, mwachitsanzo:

• Ine sindimakonda (monga izo?), Pamene ndinali linasokonekera. (Main Unit kaye kupereka).
• Pamene ndinali linasokonekera, ine sindimakonda izo (liti?). (Mwatsatanetsatane umayamba ndi chigawo Kumvetsela).
• Natasha anaganiza (kwa liti?), Kuti adzasiya nthawi yaitali (chifukwa?), Chifukwa chochitikacho kwambiri izo. (Mbali yoyamba ya chiweruzo ndi ulemu waukulu kwa wachiwiri, pamene lachiwiri - poyerekezera ndi wachitatu).

Ophatikizana mu umodzi, ndipo subordinative coordinative nsinga kupanga malembedwe zovuta. Zitsanzo za maganizo zafotokozedwa pansipa.

"Ndinazindikira (1) kuti ndikukudikilirani chiyeso chatsopano (2), ndi kuzindikira zimenezi zinandilimbikitsa (3)."

Mbali yoyamba ndi zazikulu ubale kwa wachiwiri, monga zokhudza Kumvetsela kugwirizana. chachitatu A nawo coordinative chomangira mothandizidwa ndi wogwirizana ndi.

"Mnyamatayo anali wokonzeka kulira (1), ndi misozi inalengeza m'maso mwake kale (2) pamene chitseko lidzatsegulidwa (3), kotero kuti chitani pambuyo mayi (4)."

Woyamba ndi chiweruzo chachiwiri ogwirizana coordinative ubale ndi thandizo la Union "ndi". Wachiwiri, wachitatu ndi wachinayi mbali ya kapangidwe ndi kulumikiza kugonjera ndi.

Mu mfundo zovuta syntactical zomangamanga zimene iwo zigwirizana kungavute. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo.

"Mphepo anatola, kukula ndi aliyense gust (1), ndi anthu kukabisala nkhope makolala (2) pamene agwidwa ndi flurry watsopano (3)."

Mbali yoyamba ndi zovuta wapakamwa participle mawu.

Mitundu conjunctionless ndi subordinating zomangamanga

Mu Russian, mukhoza zambiri umafuna asyndetic, pamodzi ndi mtundu subordinative kulankhulana. Mu mapangidwe amenewa zigawo zitatu kapena zambiri, zomwe zina mwa chachikulu limodzi ndi yozungulira ena. Iwo anali olumikizidwa ndi gawo la mabungwe popanda kugwiritsa ntchito intonation. Izi otchedwa zovuta malembedwe (zitsanzo m'munsimu) subordinating-asyndetic chomangira:

"Tikakumana ndi kutopa kwambiri, ndimamva zachilendo (1) - ine ndikuchita izo (2), limene ine sanali a moyo (3)."

Mu chitsanzo ichi, mbali yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ogwirizana ndi tanthauzo wamba ndi intonation, pamene lachiwiri (waukulu) ndi wachitatu (tcheru) - chiganizo zovuta.

"Pamene izo chisano (1), mayi Kuta ine shawls ambiri (2), chifukwa cha ichi Ine sindikanakhoza kusuntha bwinobwino (3), amene kwambiri akulephera kusewera ndi ana ena chisanu (4)."

Mu pempholo uyu wachiwiri waukulu gawo ndi wachibale kwa woyamba, koma amagwirizana ndi kamvekedwe lachitatu. Nawonso chiweruzo chachitatu kwenikweni poyerekezera ndi wachinayi ndi akuimira dongosolo pawiri.

Mu zovuta dongosolo syntactic a m'madera ena akhoza chokhudzana popanda mgwirizano, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kukhala mbali ya slozhnopodchinitelnogo umafuna.

Kamangidwe ka mitundu yonse ya kulankhulana

Zovuta malembedwe, amene ntchito nthawi yomweyo zonse mitundu ya kulankhulana, ndi zachilendo. Ikani zotsatsa zofanana m'mabuku, wolemba akufuna kusonyeza molondola mu zochitika wina chiweruzo ndi zinthu, mwachitsanzo:

"Nyanja onse chidafundidwa ndi mafunde (1), kuti kufupi ndi gombe anakhala kuposa (2), iwo Amaswa ndi phokoso la chotchinga amphamvu (3), ndipo ndi amakhumudwa ukali madzi ataphwera (4) abwerere ndi kumumenya ndi kuphulika ( 5). "

Mu chitsanzo ichi, mbali yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ogwirizana subordination kugwirizana. Wachiwiri ndi wachitatu - asyndetic, pakati pa wachitatu ndi wachinayi - coordinative akapolo, ndi wachinayi ndi wachisanu - kachiwiri subordinative. Chotero malembedwe zovuta akhoza kugawidwa mu masentensi angapo, koma kupanga lonse, ali kwambiri maganizo.

Division cha maganizo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kulankhulana

Zopumira pa zomangamanga zovuta syntactical zimayikidwa pa maziko omwewo monga zovuta, slozhnosochinennogo conjunctionless ndi ziganizo Mwachitsanzo:

• Pamene kum'mawa thambo anali imvi, iye anamva kulira kwa tambala. (Kumvetsela kugwirizana).
• Kuwala Chifunga anagona mu chigwa, ndi mpweya nditamulalikira pa zitsamba. (Pawiri chiweruzo).
• Pamene chimbale cha dzuwa anaimirira pamwamba m'chizimezime, monga ngati dziko lonse linadzaza ndi phokoso - mbalame, tizirombo moni tsiku latsopano. (Koma akuima pakati pa mbali yaikulu ndipo amadalira la chiweruzo zovuta, ndi mukapeza alekanitsa izo kuchokera conjunctionless).

Ngati ife kuphatikiza maganizo chimodzi, inu mumatenga malembedwe zovuta (9 kalasi malembedwe):

"Pamene thambo kum'mawa anali imvi, anamveka crowing (1), kuwala nkhungu anagona mu chigwa, ndi mpweya kunjenjemera pamwamba udzu (2), pamene chimbale cha dzuwa anaimirira pamwamba m'chizimezime, monga ngati dziko lonse linadzaza ndi phokoso - mbalame, tizirombo analandira watsopano tsiku (3). "

Analysis wa zomangamanga zovuta syntactic

Kuti akwanitse ndi kusanthula maganizo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kugwirizana, muyenera:

• kudziwa mtundu wake - declarative, interrogative ndi kuyesetsa;
• tikupeza angati a bwana, ziri zophweka, ndi kupeza malire awo;
• kuzindikira mitundu ya kugwirizana kwa nkhani ya malembedwe;
• yodziwika ndi dongosolo lililonse chipika (zovuta kapena zophweka chiweruzo);
• kupanga chiwembu chake.

Choncho n'zotheka kuwerenga kapangidwe ndi chiwerengero cha kugwirizana ndi atilakwira.

bwana ntchito ndi osiyanasiyana kugwirizana

nyumba amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso utolankhani ndi mabuku. Komanso popereka makhalidwe a wolemba kuposa olembedwa payokha. Great mbuye, kugwiritsa ntchito malembedwe zovuta zinali Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.