1721 mu mbiri Russian. Russian Ufumu Education

Kuyambira 1700 mpaka 1721 inatenga kumpoto nkhondo, chifukwa cha yemwe anawonongedwa kwambiri wa asilikali Swedish ndi watenganso mayiko Russian kuti Sweden anagwira kumapeto kwa XVI - oyambirira XVII atumwi. Pafupi Neva anamanga mudzi waukulu wa St. Petersburg, womwe 1712 adzakhala likulu la Russia. Nkhondo itatha, boma Moscow chimakhala chachikulu Russian Ufumu, motsogoleredwa ndi Mfumu Peter I. Kodi chinachitika mu 1721 ndi momwe zinaliri?

Kulalikidwa kwa Ufumu Russian

September 10, 1721, kale kumapeto kwa nkhondo Northern, Sweden ndi Russia anasaina Nystadt dziko, chifukwa cha zomwe yotsirizira linalanda Estland, Livonia, gawo la Karelia ndi Ingria. Mayiko otsalawo, amene akhoza analanda Peter Ine, iwo umabwereranso Sweden. Monga mukuonera, mbiri ya Russia (m'ma 18 - yotero) wolemera kwambiri ndi chidwi. Komanso, mbali zonse adapangana kuti atulutse andende onse. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti Russia wakhala mphamvu European. Peter Ine Senate ankalengeza "wamkulu" nampatsa dzina la "Mfumu ya Russia" ndi "Atate wa Dziko Lathu." Russia wakhala ukukula ufumu. Komabe, mapangidwe inawo zinachititsa kuti mndandanda wonse wa kusintha.

Ecclesiastical ndi asilikali kusintha

Tikumbukenso kuti 1721 mbiri ya Russia anatchuka chifukwa ambiri kusintha. Choncho, 12 matabwa zinalengedwa, zomwe ndi munda wina wa ntchito. mpingo waukulu ndi kusintha asilikali anali ikuchitika. The zinthu zofunika kwambiri - ndi kukhazikitsidwa mu 1721 wa lamulo Mwauzimu, zomwe zimachititsa Mpingo amadalira boma. Powonjezera, iwo unalengedwa Sinodi Woyera, kuyambira Orthodox anali kwathunthu inathetsedwa. Nthawi zambiri mu 1721 mu mbiri Russia a chikondwerero monga nthawi imene katundu mpingo chichotsedwa zosowa za boma, ndipo makamaka, za mfumu.

Pankhani kukonza ankhondo akhala anayambitsa tithe asilikali, yunifolomu lonse la Russia. Nawonso ndi bulu wamphamvu unakhazikitsidwa mu chaka. Amadziwika kuti Peter Ine ndi manja ake analenga ankhondo, amene anawerenga anthu oposa 200 000. asilikali Russian anapambana kwambiri za zipambano, izi walenga zinthu yabwino kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa luso asilikali. Bulu lagawidwa squadrons ndi oyenda dziko - pa maalumali ndi mayunitsi. Gawo ili kutenga ena chilango ndipo aziyankha makhalidwe a asilikali, komanso aziyenda bwino kwambiri pa nkhondoyo.

Kusintha kwa zachuma ndi zaluso mu chikhalidwe

ambiri msonkho unayamba mu gawo la ndalama, kuphatikizapo zina. Kopek wakhala ndalama yaikulu. Sitingathe kunena kuti mbiri mu 1721 ku Russia ndi amadziwika kuti nthawi imene anthu anali osauka monga kale. chakuti mosungiramo anali kudzadza ndi kuwonjezeka misonkho. Ngakhale zili choncho, boma anakwanitsa kuba ndalama lalikulu zedi. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, panalibe njala kapena kuchepa kwa uphungu wofunikira.

Peter Wamkulu amadziwika chifukwa chikangoperekedwa ndi kuletsa ndevu. Kotero iye anamenyana ndi njira zakale za moyo. Tikumbukenso kuti kuonekere masukulu akudziko. Chiyambi cha zaluso izi ndi zofunikira basi 1721. Chochitika mu Russia mtundu unachititsa namondwe wa maganizo pakati pa anthu wamba.

Koma ichi uli kutali onse: kutulutsa nyuzipepala woyamba, ndipo mabuku yachilendo ikumasuliridwa Russian. Komanso kulabadira chakuti ali kuchipatala, zomangamanga ndi zida zankhondo sukulu mu 1721. Pa nthawi yomweyo, maukonde sukulu zamulungu kuonekera. cholinga chawo chachikulu - kukonzekeretsa ansembe. masukulu angapo asilikali zamangidwa kwa ana a usilikali.

Pomaliza

Pamene mapeto Ndikufuna kuti mu 1721 ku Russia Mbiri zasintha kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa onse wolamulira wanzeru. Panthawi imeneyi nkhani ya atsikana anakwatira pansi duress chinathetsedwa. Ndi sitepe mfumu chibwenzi ndi anthu, ngakhale msonkho waukulu kwambiri. Tikhoza kunena kuti Peter Ine mwakhama kuphunzitsa ojambula zithunzi. Ndipo anamulola kuphunzira akunja yachilendo wandiitananso. Izi - nthawi mapangidwe mafumu malire, pamwamba amene anali Mfumu. Ikusintha mafakitale pali maphunziro apamwamba mu chiwerengero pakati kalasi.

Tsopano, pa pamaso pa mfumu analibe kugwera pa maondo awo, ndi pafupi ndi nyumba yake m'nyengo yozizira sindikanakhoza kutenga chipewa chake. Zonsezi anathandiza chakuti Peter anthu wokondedwa ndi kulemekezedwa. Ambiri mwa kusintha wake anali ndi zifukwa ndipo unali wabwino wa boma. Komanso ovomerezeka lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Academy of Sciences, limene anatsegula pambuyo pa imfa yake.