Alessandro Manzoni: yonena, chidwi zenizeni ndi zithunzi

Munthu uyu anakhala maudindo angapo kulenga. Iye ndi wolemba ndakatulo Wolemba wina, ndi mlembi, ndi womenyera ufulu chikhalidwe. Mu Italy, Alessandro Manzoni ndi ngwazi ya dziko lawo. Zinali iye amene anayamba kusonyeza mu mabuku a chenicheni cha m'mbiri. Pakuti mtengo Alessandro Manzoni kupereka ulemu, kutchuka ndi kuzindikira? Taganizirani funso ili mwatsatanetsatane.

ubwana

Alessandro Manzoni anabadwa pa March 7, 1785 ku Milan, Italy. makolo ake anali anthu olemekezeka, ndi achibale ndalama. Makolo, anagogoda za angapo a sukulu, kenako anam'patsa mwana Barnobitov College, kumene anaphunzitsidwa mbewu ya olemekezeka. Komabe, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mnyamata si zikusonyeza makamaka mwakhama kumvetsa khalidwe. Childhood Alessandro Manzoni anali mu zaka, pamene Napoleon Bonaparte anapambana chigonjetso onongani mu Europe.

Posakhalitsa, mkulu wa kukula yaing'ono anali fano wolemba m'tsogolo. Nditamaliza maphunziro a ukachenjede, Mandzoni Alessandro masamba kwa zaka zingapo ku likulu French. Izi anali ntchito ndi mavuto m'banja. Bambo ndi mayi a Calvin anasudzulana ndipo iye ndi mayi ake anapita ku Paris. mayi anakwatilana munthu wolemera. Iwo anali mu Paris, mnyamata wakumana ndi nzeru zapamwamba odziwika ndi wolemba. Kulankhula nawo sikuti kudali popanda kusiya sanachite: Alessandro lingathandize chidwi ndi mabuku. Manzoni pang'ono anayamba kulankhula ndi mayi ake, ndiponso kulankhula ndi bambo anali infrequent. Last anawona ana chinyezimiro lake la ukwati analephera, mungachite mu maphunziro a mwana mbali waphindu. mwanjira ina, koma akamakula achinyamata Mandzoni Alessandro sanali atazunguliridwa ndi chisamaliro ndi chikondi kwa makolo awo. Mnyamata wasankha kupita ku Milan.

Njira choyamba polenga

Nditabwerera kunyumba, mnyamatayo amakhala koleji wophunzira Longoni. Patapita zaka zitatu sukulu imeneyi ndipo akusankha kukhala nyumba pa msewu St. Damiano, nthawi zina kuyendera nyumba zawo makolo, yomwe ili kutali na Lecco.

Mandzoni Alessandro, amene yonena amadziwika osati kwa aliyense, komabe ndi kukumana ndi bambo ake, nthawi zina kwa iye anachezeredwa ndi ndakatulo Foscolo, Cuoco, Monty. Ndi iwowa, adzakhala makamaka wochezeka ndipo anafuna ngakhale kumutsanzira ntchito.

Mlandu zibaluni wamng'ono Alessandro mu mabuku tinganene kuti autobiographical sonnet "Self Chithunzicho," limene iye anayesera kulongosola deta kunja ndi khalidwe mkati. Mnyamatayo analemba kuti maso ake limaonetseratu, tsitsi mdima ndi chipumi. Iye anapeza kuti ali aakulu-apamwamba, koma pa nthawi yomweyo anapatsa ndi mtima wachifundo.

Wina msanga Manzoni - poemetto "kupambana ufulu." Mu ntchito iyi, ndi sonneteer wokhala kudzudzulidwa njira chiphunzitso zimene timatsatira masukulu ndi aphunzitsi somaschi makolo Barnobitov. Mnyamatayo zodzudzula yamasika mu mfundo amachitira a iwo otsutsana ndi zolinga za French kuukira boma. Ndiye, kuyambira cholembera amapita sonnet "Pa moyo wa Dante." Alessandro analemba idyll "Adda", limene anapempha achilendo mawonekedwe a ndakatulo Vincenzo Monti ake okhala banja. Pambuyo pake, owerenga yodziwa zingapo "Kuphunzitsa", imene wolemba mu njira satirical kumuseka kuchepa kwa makhalidwe a anthu a m'dzikoli.

Poyamba ntchito yake Manzoni amadziwa kuti n'zovuta kulemba "moralizing" ntchito yomwe anagwira ndi ntchito yophunzitsa kwa zaka zambiri.

Apanso, Paris

Pamene 1805 bambo ake anamwalira Alessandro, wolemba ndakatulo akusankha kuchoka likulu French kwa mayi. Kumeneko kwambiri zinapatsira ndi maganizo a Voltaire ndi nthawi yambiri analankhulana ndi olemba ndakatulo ndi. Pa Bwalo la anthu French, iye ndiye anapanga epic ziwiri mlembi. Woyamba udaikidwa kalembedwe chakale, ndipo chachiwiri analemba ulemu wa bambo womwalirayo Werengerani Imbonati, mbali yaikulu ya chuma chimene ali wolemba ndakatulo Italy. Inali pa nthawi iyi, Mandzoni Alessandro, amene ntchito yawo bwino kudziwika kwa anthu a pachilumbachi, ayamba kupendanso amakonda kupembedza, osatembenukira ku weniweni wa Katolika. Komabe, mbali zauzimu wolemba ndakatulo mkazi wake zimakhudza kwambiri.

Mu 1807 Maestro ndidatsiriza ntchito pa poemetto "Urania", kumene kamodzinso anatsindika "maphunziro" Cholinga cha ndakatulo. ntchito imeneyi, anaganiza mwa nthano: mulungu Jupiter, zisomo ndi Muses.

munda sewero

Kumapeto kwa zaka khumi kwa zaka za m'ma 19, Alessandro Manzoni anatsiriza kulemba tsoka "Chiwerengero Carmagnola", zili chimene chiri chosiyana ndi mfundo zonse za mabuku. mankhwala zikusintha kuti Mikangano ndi kutsutsana.

Mu 1822 anafalitsa tsoka lina la Wolemba wina wa ku Italy "Adelchi". Zojambula muli mabuku a mbiri yakale ndipo limafotokoza chomaliza cha Lombard ulamuliro mu Italy.

novelist

Monga kale anatsindika, ndi maestro anatchuka kwambiri osati monga wolemba ndakatulo Wolemba wina. Osati aliyense amadziwa kuti Mandzoni Alessandro - mlembi wa mabuku. Mu 1927 inasindikizidwa ntchito lotchedwa "The wopalidwa ubwenzi" imene udachita iye kutchuka kwambiri. Msangani wenewu wa chikondi, amene ali imachitika pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zakale, anagwa mchikondi ndi nambala yaikulu owerenga.

moyo

Poyamba mu moyo Alessandro Manzoni a. Ndi chidwi mfundo za mbiri yake. Back mu 1807, anapita ku Genoa kuti amukopere msungwana Luigino Visconti.

Koma ukwati sizinachitike. Patangotha miyezi isanu ndi kutha ndakatulo anali wokonzeka affiance ndi mwana wamkazi wa anthu otchuka Destin de A Tracy. Koma pofuna izi kukonza moyo wake zinalephereka. Pamene wina wosankhidwa Alessandro Manzoni (wolemba) anasankha wamng'ono Enrikettu Blondel, atate wake anali banki ndi ntchito yamasewera. Zima 1808 unachitikira ukwati wawo. Patapita miyezi ingapo akapita ku Paris, ndi kumapeto kwa 1809 anali ndi mwana wamkazi - Dzhulieya-Claudius. Pambuyo kukhala mu Paris, Alessandro pamodzi ndi banja lake ku Milan. Wolemba anabadwa ana ambiri: Pietro, Christina, Sofia, Enrico Clara, Victoria, Filippo, Matilda.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Popeza anakakhala kwawo mu 1810, Manzoni amayamba kukhala ndi moyo yekha, apo kuwonekera poyera. Iye ankacheza kwambiri pa munda wa mudzi wawo, kusamalira cypresses, magnolias ndi hydrangeas.

Patapita kanthawi Alessandro anali kupita kupyola mu mndandanda wa zinthu zoipa: mkazi woyamba anamwalira, ndipo mu 30s kwa zaka za m'ma 19, anamwalira ana ake ndi mayi ake. Adzakwatira kachiwiri, nthawi imeneyi mkazi wamasiye wa Chiwerengero Teresa Borri.

Wolemba anafa May 22, 1873 ku Milan. Iye ankachitika maliro zapamwamba, omwe anali nawo akuluakulu mkulu wa Italy.