Anyezi letesi: zabwino, makamaka kulima ndi kusamalira

Ndani amene anamva ngati chikhalidwe, monga letesi? Mwina osati anthu. Pamene akuonekera m'masitolo wobiriwira poyamba, ife tiri okondwa kugula, pamodzi ndi anyezi, katsabola ndi mbewu ya parsley wachifundo masamba letesi, anasonkhana Magulu. Anthu ena molakwa kuti letesi - ndi uta, koma ngati inu kupempha ndi bwino kumvetsa mfundo zazikulu za nkhaniyo, n'zotheka tikupeza kuti uwu mtundu wa anyezi kulibe. Pali Wales, wamitundumitundu kapena shallots, anyezi, potsiriza, koma letesi ... Lang'anani, tiyeni kugwirizana: letesi - saladi. Koma chifukwa nthawi zina anthu amasokoneza mfundo izi, tilinso m'nkhani, ife nthawizina "kusungitsa malo".

Letesi / anyezi letesi, kulima ndi kuchita kwa nthawi makedzana - ndi lodziwika bwino masamba mbewu, amene ali ndi kagawo kakang'ono mu banja Asteraceae. Ndi zomera wamkulu nakulitsa mu Mediterranean zaka zitatu zapitazo. Za ntchito yake ansembe Aigupto, olamulira Persian ankalambira ngati azichitira, monga mwa wakale Byzantium wakhala ntchito ngati mankhwala ogwira.

Ŵakusanga Europe anaphunzira za saladi mu nthawi ya Louis XIV, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo kutchuka kwake ndi kukula. Today letesi - mmodzi wa masamba ankakonda yotentha ndi gwero la zinthu zamtengo wapatali n'kofunika kuti munthu. buku ili laperekedwa kwa chikhalidwe chodabwitsa.

Kufotokozera za mtundu wa

Pali oposa 100 mitundu ya letesi. Nthawi zambiri ndi pachaka herbaceous zomera ndi Rosette chapakati kaphatikizidwe masamba a mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu. Inflorescence mu chikhalidwe - whisk kapena burashi, wopangidwa maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Pambuyo kubereketsa zomera, zipatso akufotokozera - achene. Nakulitsa letesi, wotchedwa mosiyana - letesi kapena anyezi.

Mu masamba ntchito chakudya, amene kukolola pamaso mapangidwe tsinde, chifukwa ndiye amayamba chimaonekadi owawa.

Anyezi letesi: ngati kukula

zomera ali nkhope ambiri. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi zake tsamba, madzi oundana, katsitsumzukwa ndi onenepa mitundu. Mu Russia, mpaka posachedwapa zinali ambiri tsamba letesi, lero wamaluwa sanakonde kunadetsa kupeza Kochan mitundu, kupanga masamba lalikulu loyamba, kenako kuchokera pampanda kubwereketsa kupanga lotayirira zolimba mutu.

Letesi mitundu anawagawira ndi nthawi ya kupsa nasiyanitsa masiku oyambirira ndi nthawi zomera mpaka 45, sing'anga (masiku 50-60) ndi mochedwa (80 masiku).

The kwambiri kufunika lero, pepala letesi mitundu (Riga, Moscow wowonjezera kutentha), ndi akatswiri a kusasitsa, ndi kupatsa mankhwala malonda atapita masiku 35-40 pambuyo kufesa. Iwo akukonda Roma masamba saladi amene uchimanga, simulating mapangidwe mutu, mkati mwa wophuka mphukira wachifundo kuwala.

Letesi chikondi cha kulolera kuwala ndi ozizira. katundu izi sizachilendo kwa onse sukulu ndi mitundu. Kutentha omasuka kwambiri kuti zomera zikule anakumana wamaluwa tikambirane osiyanasiyana +10 ... + 19˚S.

Anyezi letesi: zothandiza katundu ndi mavuto

Wapadera zikuchokera masamba a zomera, imene nambala yaikulu kufufuza zinthu zothandiza kukhathamitsa thupi potaziyamu, nthaka, phosphorous, magnesium, selenium ndi mankhwala ena. Izi udzu - m'nkhokwe mavitamini a magulu B, A, C, R. Chifukwa pamaso pa zinthu izi zomera chakudya wambiri amapereka zotsatira achire mu masiteji kuchepetsa pambuyo opaleshoni, oopsa, mu mankhwala a m'mapapo mwanga, mtima, matenda muzituluka ndi matenda mantha. Komanso, ndi otsika-kalori mankhwala kuti amalola kuti kutembenukira mu gawo la zakudya zambiri. Anyezi, letesi, maphikidwe kuphika kuchokera m'makhitchini amene ndi ofunika kwambiri m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, bwinobwino ntchito kupewa kunenepa.

Madzi wa masamba a letesi amathandiza kuti konza moyenera ndondomeko m'mimba ndi matenda kudya. Infusions ntchito chiwindi matenda. Kuwonjezera mkaka wa m'mawere amayi unamwino wosweka mbewu. Mwakhama ntchito zodzoladzola mbewu zochizira tsitsi imfa ndi kubwezeretsa dongosolo khungu lawo.

Ngakhale phindu la zomera, ntchito mosamala ayenera kukhala anthu ndi matenda monga chapamimba kapena mmatumbo chilonda, mphumu, chifuwa chachikulu.

Site malamulo Kusankha ndi zofunika kwa nthaka

Culture ankafika malo ayenera kukhala omasuka, lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, komanso shading yaing'ono sikukuvulaza mbewu. Wokonda lalikulu la lotayirira ndi kuwala chatsanulidwa mchenga loam, anyezi letesi limakula bwino pa loams. Ngati kokha zimene nthaka anali ofanana zosonyezera pH 6.5-7.5, ndi madzi pansi samabwera pafupi padziko lapansi. Letesi wakonda dothi amtengo yonyowa: stagnation zimawononga mphamvu pa chomera, kuchititsa zosayembekezereka wa zowola.

acidity Kugwiritsa kwatha ndi liming malo pa chisanadze mbewu. Malowo anali wokonzeka kuchokera kugwa, kuwonjezeka chonde dothi ndi kukumba kumayambiriro humus kapena kompositi mu kuchuluka kwa 5-6 makilogalamu nitrophosphate 60 ga pa 1 mita ² m'deralo. The bwino tikawona nakulitsa kale anasankha bedi, ndi nyemba ndi mbewu monga chimanga. Letesi anabzala anyezi pambuyo kabichi ndi cruciferous ena osavomerezeka.

mbande kubzala

Seeded chikhalidwe mwachindunji m'munda kapena kukula njira mmera, amene amalola kuti masamba zothandiza kale kwambiri. njira awiri tili mbali ndi adani. Tikufotokozera aliyense wa iwo. mbewu mbande zofesedwa muli wodzazidwa ndi chisakanizo cha sod dziko ndi humus mu magawo ofanana, mu khumi zoyambirira za April. Kwirirani mbewu za 1 masentimita, ndi cm pakati pa mizere ayenera 1.5-2 cm. Ndiye, nthaka chidebe pang'ono tikaumbike ndi moisturize ndi atomizer ndi. Kumera mphamvu bwino yokutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu, kulenga chilengedwe womasuka kwambiri. Ndi zikamera wa mbande mumalize nkhaniyo chikutha mbande thinned, kusunga mtunda wa pakati mbande cm 2.

Mbande kukonzekera Thirani kwa seedbed okonzeka atapita masiku 30-35. Mwa nthawi imeneyi mbewu ndi 3-4 masamba mawonekedwe. Anabzala, kusunga mlingo chomwecho, chimene chinali muli mmera, kuonera mosamala kuti m'manda muzu kolala. Mtunda pakati pa tchire anakhalabe poganizira kalasi, chifukwa malo mphamvu skorospelok ndi DM 1 kokha ² Yapakatikati oyambirira - 2.2 DM ^2, ndipo kenako - 6.2 DM ^2.

Iwo ankakhulupilira kuti kupatsidwa zina mmera osautsa zomera, koma samalani wochita sizitipwetekanso kwambiri.

Kufesa mbewu mu zitunda za

Mu lokwera lotseguka mbewu letesi anali zofesedwa oyambirira kapena m'ma May, pamene tsiku pafupifupi kutentha amamasulidwa pa mozungulira +4 ... + 5? C. Komabe, kupirira ndi kulimbikira kwa zomera ozizira imathandiza kulimbana frosts kasupe -2? C. Nthawi zambiri amachita podseivanie chikhalidwe, kukhala ngati imeneyi ya masiku 15-20 kupereka zitsamba zothandiza onse chilimwe.

The peculiarity wa chikhalidwe, monga anyezi, letesi, ndi kuti mochedwa-kucha mitundu kugonjetsedwa ndi bolting. Mbewu yofesedwa m'mizere, ndi katayanitsidwe pakati amene ali sukulu chifukwa pepala 7-9 cm, Kochan - osachepera 15 cm.

Care chikhalidwe

Kusamalira chochitika chifukwa letesi makolo zikuphatikizapo kwambiri kumasula zonse, kuchotsa namsongole ndi kuthirira wololera. Anyezi ndi letesi hygrophilous Pamafunika kukhalabe chinyezi nthaka, koma pang'ono zonse zofunika, kotero yesetsani amachita kuthirira kwambiri. Komanso, mwamsanga pamene cobs anayamba kumanga, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ulimi wothirira.

Mkhalidwe chitukuko cha chikhalidwe kumaphatikizapo kupanga feteleza kutero. Best kwa letesi anapeza umuna asafe-potassium anawonjezera kuti kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo:

• ndende ya feteleza mu njira yafupika ndi theka poyerekezera ndi analimbikitsa malangizo muyezo mankhwala;

• kudya zimathandiza mwachindunji m'munsimu muzu, kupeŵa ndi masamba;

• manyowa sabata kubzala pambuyo Thirani mbande kapena mbewu.

Wamaluwa amachita kulima chikhalidwe cha kufupi ndi zomera, sichisangalatsa tizirombo. Zimene takambirana sipinachi, nandolo, nightshade. Favorite Mnzathu mbewu monga letesi anyezi - wamitundumitundu.

Choncho, kulima letesi - losavuta ndondomeko kuti kumadzetsa phindu ndi kukhuta.