Asilikaliwo malupanga. zida Japanese ndi mitundu yake

Mu ulamuliro wa Tokugawa shogunate kuchokera 1603 anali kugwirizana ndi kusamalira m'mbuyomu umwini luso mkondo. Mu malo ya nkhondo wamagazi anabwera nthawi ya umisiri ndi kusintha kwa mpikisano nkhondo ndi malupanga. Tirhana chikugwirizana ndi malo a lupanga, ankatchedwa "kenjutsu", izo chasanduka njira wauzimu kudziletsa kusintha.

Kutanthauza asilikaliwo lupanga

malupanga asilikaliwo izi ankatengedwa zida osati kwa msilikali, koma chizindikiro cha kalasi asilikaliwo, choyimira cha ulemu ndi olimba mtima, kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima. Kuyambira kale anali ankamuona ngati chida ngati mphatso yopatulika ya dzuwa wamkazi kwa mdzukulu wake, ulamuliro pansi. Lupanga chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuthetsa zoipa, chinyengo ndi kuteteza wabwino. Iye anali gawo la Shinto chipembedzo. Zida chokongoletsedwa akachisi, malo opatulika. Ansembe zana 8 Japanese nawo kupanga, kuchapa, kupukuta ya malupanga.

Asilikaliwo anayenera nthawi zonse lako la wankhondo. Pakuti lupanga anapatsidwa kunyada kwa malo m'nyumba, ndi kagawo kakang'ono mu ngodya pamwamba - tokonoma. Iwo anali pa maimidwe kapena tatikake katanakake. Akagone, asilikaliwo malupanga anaika yekha mutu pa kutalika mkono wake.

Munthu akhoza kukhala osauka, koma ndi tsamba mtengo mu malo chapamwamba. lupanga anali choyimira, amene limatsindika udindo. Chifukwa cha tsamba asilikaliwo ali ndi ufulu kupereka nsembe moyo wake ndi banja lake.

Khalani a wankhondo Japanese

asilikali Japanese nthawi anatenga malupanga awiri, kusonyeza kuti adzaupereka kwa asilikaliwo lapansi. Zida wankhondo (Dyce) inkakhala tsamba yaitali ndi yochepa. Long asilikaliwo katana lupanga kapena (60 mpaka 90 cm) - chida chachikulu cha asilikaliwo kuchokera m'ma 14. Iwo anali ankavala mfundo lamba oposa. Wakuthwa lupanga ndi dzanja limodzi, anali tsamba n'njokhota ndi khasu. Mfiti anatha kupha nkhondo pa liwiro mphezi mu tuzigawo twa a yachiwiri kukoka tsamba ndi kupanga pachimake. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa "laijutsu".

Short asilikaliwo lupanga vakidzasi (Shoto kapena Kodachi) kawiri wamfupi (30 mpaka 60 cm) ankavala pa lamba m'mphepete m'mwamba, ntchito kamodzikamodzi, pamene kutumikiridwa kunkhondo ku zinthu wopanikiza. Ndi asilikali vakidzasi kudula mitu ya adani anaphedwa kapena kukodwa mu ukapolo, kuchita seppuku - kudzipha. Nthawi zambiri asilikaliwo katana kumenyana, ngakhale kusukulu zapadera ophunzitsidwa nkhondo malupanga awiri.

Mitundu ya malupanga asilikaliwo

Kuwonjezera pa m'ndandanda wa dayisi, muli mitundu yambiri ya malupanga Japanese ntchito ndi ankhondo.

• Tsuruga, chokutō - ndi lupanga wakale ntchito mpaka m'ma 11, anali m'mbali molunjika ndi wakuthwa mbali zonse.
• Ken - mwachindunji wakale tsamba, wakuthwa mbali zonse, ankagwiritsa ntchito pa miyambo ya chipembedzo ndi kawirikawiri ntchito nkhondo.
• Tachi - lalikulu yokhota kumapeto lupanga (kutalika masentimita 61 kuchokera nsonga ya) ntchito okwera, nsanza pansi nsonga.
• Nodati kapena Odat - kopitilira muyeso tsamba (1 mamita 1.8 m), umene uli ngati mbala, ankavala kumbuyo wokwera pa.
• Tanto - zigawenga (30 cm yaitali).
• Pakuti workouts ntchito nsungwi malupanga (shinai) ndi matabwa (bokken). Maphunziro chida akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu nkhondo ndi mdani osayenera, monga kuba pothyola a.

Wamba ndi amuna a makalasi m'munsi anali ndi ufulu wodziteteza mipeni ang'ono ndi daggers, ngati panali malamulo kumanja kuvala malupanga.

katana lupanga

Katana - asilikaliwo lupanga kumenyana, gawo la muyezo armament wa wankhondo ndi yaing'ono tsamba wakizashi. Zakhala ntchito mu zikomo 15 m'zaka za kusintha kwa mbala. Katana osiyana yokhota kumapeto kunja tsamba, yaitali molunjika chogwirira, kulola kugwira ndi dzanja limodzi kapena awiri. Tsamba ali unakhota pang'ono ndipo mapeto zisonga ntchito kudula ndi amakankhira. Kulemera lupanga 1 - 1,5 makilogalamu. Mphamvu, kusinthasintha ndi kuwumitsa asilikaliwo katana lupanga amatenga pakati masamba ena pamalo oyamba mu dziko, amadula fupa, ndi kuipanikiza wa mfuti ndi chitsulo kuposa Bulat Arab ndi malupanga European.

Wosula kulipira onyamula zida, kuti sanapangepo zovekera, chifukwa kuti lamulo lake anali ambuye ena. Katana - mlengi, asonkhanitsa chifukwa cha ntchito gulu. Asilikaliwo nthaŵi zonse waika ochepa a zovekera, amavala pa mwambowu. Tsamba zapita kwa zaka za mibadwomibadwo, ndi mawonekedwe ake akhoza zimasiyana malinga.

Mbiri ya katana ndi

Mu 710, ndi lodziwika bwino Japanese swordsman Amakuni ntchito koyamba nkhondo lupanga ndi tsamba yokhota kumapeto. Linapanga kulembedwa anthuwo, iye anali saber mawonekedwe. mawonekedwe ake ndi sanasinthe mpaka m'ma 19. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 12 katana malupanga ankatengedwa olemekezeka. Mu ulamuliro wa asilikali Ashikaga mwambo wovala malupanga awiri, akhala ndi mwayi kalasi asilikaliwo. Zogwiritsira malupanga asilikaliwo anali m'gulu la asilikali, boma ndi chikondwerero zovala. masamba awiri anali onse asilikaliwo, kaya udindo, kuchokera wamba kuti asilikali a. Zitasintha, akuluakulu Japanese ankafunika kuvala malupanga European, katana, kenako anatayika udindo wake.

Mfundo katana ndi

Tsamba linapanga ku zitsulo mitundu iwiri: pachimake chinapangidwa ndi viscous ndi olimba kuchokera - zotsogola. Zitsulo pamaso kulipira lidzayeretsedwa ndi Kuwonjezera mobwerezabwereza ndi kuwotcherera.

Mu kupanga katanas kunali kofunika kusankha zitsulo, makamaka chitsulo miyala doped ndi molybdenum ndi tungsten. Iron ndodo mbuye anakumba chithaphwi kwa zaka 8. Panthawi imeneyi, dzimbiri adya kutali zofooka, ndiye anthufe zopita safanana ndi. Gunsmith anatembenuka mipiringidzo mu zojambulazo ndi nyundo lolemera. Ndiye zojambulazo mobwerezabwereza zinapangidwa flattened. Choncho, tsamba yomalizidwa inkakhala zigawo 50,000 mkulu-mphamvu zitsulo.

Izi asilikaliwo katana zonse wolemekezeka khalidwe mzere jamon, kuwonekera chifukwa cha ntchito njira yapadera kulipira ndi kuumitsa. Hilt tsuka lupanga obvorachivalas ray khungu namukulunga mu Mzere wa silika. Kachikumbutso kapena miyambo katana angakhale ndi chogwirira matabwa kapena njovu.

cholowa katana ndi

Lupanga lalitali azitha akamagwiritsa. Kugwira ukapolo wa katana ntchito, mapeto a chogwirira zimene ziyenera kusungidwa pakati pa dzanja lamanzere ndi dzanja lamanja Finyani chogwiririra pafupi alonda. Synchronous funde la manja onse chinathandiza wankhondo kuti lalikulu matalikidwe sitiroko, popanda chowonjezera mphamvu zambiri. Nkhonya anali ntchito vertically mu lupanga kapena mdani manja. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuchotsa chida mdani ndi njira yodutsamo kuukira kugunda flick wake lotsatira.

Ancient Japanese chida

mitundu angapo ndi Japanese manja kwa mtundu wothandiza kapena sekondale.

• Yumi kapena o-Yumi - nkhondowo mauta (180 ndi 220 cm), ndi chida wamkulu Japan. Mauta ntchito ku nkhondo ndipo pa miyambo ya chipembedzo kuchokera kalelo. M'zaka za m'ma 16 iwo anatulutsidwa muskets, anabweretsa kuchokera Portugal.
• Yari - mkondo (5 m), chida otchuka m'nyengo ya ndewu, ndi oyenda ntchito poponya mdani kavalo wake.
• Bo - mzati asilikali omenyana, kunena lero zida zamasewera. Pali ambiri mzati embodiments, malingana ndi kutalika (30 cm 3 m), ndi unyinji ndi gawo mtanda (yozungulira hexagonal, etc.).
• Yoroi Doce ankaona Chigawenga chifundo, kukumbutsa stylet ndipo lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito yopha yavulala pa otsutsa nkhondo.
• Kodzuka kapena kotsuka - mpeni asilikali, lokhazikika mu m'chimake cha lupanga kumenyana, ndipo nthawi zambiri ntchito zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
• Tessen kapena Dunsany utiva - kumenyana mkulu fani. fani anali okonzeka ndi masingano wakuthwa zitsulo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumuukira, monga nkhondo nkhwangwa ndi chishango.
• Dzitte - nkhondowo chitsulo ndodo, foloko ndi mano awiri. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthawi ya Tokugawa ngati apolisi chida. Kugwiritsa dzitte, apolisi intercepted malupanga asilikaliwo nkhondo ndi asilikali zachiwawa.
• Naginata - Japanese halberd chida wankhondo Chimonko, awiri-mita mtengo ndi yaing'ono lathyathyathya-tsamba pa mapeto. Kale, ntchito oyenda kuukira akavalo mdani. M'zaka za m'ma 17 icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mkazi asilikaliwo mabanja chida kuti adziteteze.
• Kaiken - nkhondowo mpeni kuti olemekezeka wamkazi. Ntchito adziteteze, namchotsa mwamanyazi wopanda atsikana kudzipha.

M'nthawi ya internecine nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Japan firearm mfuti opanga ndi maloko mwala (teppo), amene ankatengedwa osayenera kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Tokugawa. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 16, asilikali a ku Japan anaonekera ndi mfuti, koma uta ndi lupanga anapitiriza zatenga malo chachikulu asilikaliwo zida.

Katana-Kaji

Malupanga ku Japan nthawi zonse ndi anthu a kalasi ulamuliro, nthawi zambiri abale a asilikaliwo kapena bwalo. Kukwera kufunika kwa malupanga ambuye ang'onoang'ono anayamba patronize blacksmiths (katana-Kaji). Kupanga asilikaliwo lupanga amafuna kukonzekera bwino. Kulipira malupanga anafanana mapemphero mwambo ndi anadzazidwa ndi zinthu zachipembedzo kuti umateteza wovalayo ku mphamvu zoipa.

Ife tisanafike pansi kwa malonda, wosula kusala kudya, kusala maganizo ndi zochita zoipa, anachita kuyeretsedwa mwambo wa thupi. Akupeka bwinobwino kuchapidwa ndi chokongoletsedwa shime - makhalidwe mwambo, walukidwa kuchokera ku mpunga udzu. Aliyense smithy kunali guwa pemphero ndi maphunziro abwino ntchito. Ngati ndi kotheka, mbuye wavala kuge - zovala anzeru. ulemu sanalole wodziwa zambiri mbuye kubala zida otsika kwambiri. Nthawi zina wosula lupanga adzawonongedwa ndipo akhoza kutenga zaka zingapo, chifukwa chilema limodzi. Ntchito lupanga munthu ukhoza kulikonse 1 chaka zaka 15.

Japanese malupanga luso yopanga

Remelted zitsulo anachokera ku chitsulo maginito ntchito ngati zida zitsulo. Asilikaliwo malupanga, ankaona yabwino ku Far East akhala wamphamvu monga Damasiko. M'zaka za m'ma 17 kupanga malupanga Japanese ankagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ku Europe.

Japanese wosula tsamba anapangidwa kuchokera ambiri zigawo chitsulo n'kupanga thinnest ndi zili zosiyana mpweya. n'kupanga ndi welded pamodzi pa nthawi ya limatsogolera ndi kulipira. Kulipira, extruding mobwerezabwereza lopinda ndi kulipira n'kupanga latsopano zitsulo choti mtengo wochepa thupi.

Choncho, tsamba imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa woonda zigawo zinaphatikizidwa raznouglerodnoy zitsulo. Pawiri otsika mpweya ndi mkulu mpweya zitsulo anapereka wapadera lupanga kuuma ndi kukhuthala. Mu sitepe yotsatira wosula wopukutidwa tsamba miyala yochepa ndipo suzimitsidwa. Nthawi zambiri asilikaliwo malupanga ku Japan anapangidwa zaka zingapo.

Kupha pamphambano ya

Khalidwe la tsamba ndi luso la asilikaliwo ndi nthawi anayesedwa nkhondo. lupanga wabwino analola kudula matupi atatu akufa anaika pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake. Iye akhapidziwa kuti latsopano malupanga asilikaliwo ayenera kuyesa anthu. Tsuji-giri (kupha pamphambano za) - dzina latsopano mwambo zitsanzo lupanga. Akuvutika chifukwa cha asilikaliwo anakhala opemphapempha, osawuka, apaulendo ndi odutsa, chiwerengero cha umene posachedwapa anawerengedwa mwa zikwi. Akuluakulu a boma chifukwa olondera misewu, asilikali, koma alonda bwino kugwira ntchito zawo.

Asilikaliwo amene sanafune kupha munthu wosalakwa, anasankha njira ina - tamesi-zolemera. Popeza analipira wakupha, zikanakhala zotheka kuti adzampatsa lupanga lake, lomwe iye anayesa pa chilango cha munthu olakwa.

ndi chinsinsi cha katana zithunzi chiyani?

Lupanga katana mukhoza kuitanitsa chifukwa cha kudzikonda Kukulitsa la tinthu lapansi. Mwachidule poika tsamba oikapo, wankhondo mu nthawi iliyonse yomwe ndinalandira tsamba lakuthwa kachiwiri. Lupanga opukutidwa mu magawo khumi la mawilo akupera, amachepetsa graininess. Pamenepo mwini otpolirovyval tsamba makala fumbi.

Mu sitepe lomaliza ikuchitika mu madzi oipa lupanga dongo, chifukwa cha njirayi pa tsamba zinachitika matte thinnest Mzere (yakiba). Mumadziwika ambuye anasiya siginecha pa tsamba ponytail. Pambuyo kulipira ndipo tempering lupanga fortnight opukutidwa. Pamene katana anali luster, ntchitoyo inamalizidwa.

Pomaliza

Izi lupanga asilikaliwo, mtengo ndi lowoneka bwino, monga ulamuliro, ndi chilengedwe mabwana wakale. zinthu zimenezi ndi kuchipeza, monga iwo opatsirana m'mabanja tinalandira monga chidina. The katana mtengo kwambiri ndi MEI - manyazi a mbuye ndi chaka kupanga pa shank ndi. malupanga ambiri waikamo ophiphiritsa kulipira, anaŵerengera ku nthano Chinese, pokana mizimu yoipa. Scabbard kwa lupanga komanso chokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsa.