Chabe pano participle: Zitsanzo

Mgonero - amatha kusonyeza onse kanthu ndi chizindikiro chake. Nthawi zambiri ntchito "atsogolere" kupereka ndi kulanda linapangidwira mu podziwa kwambiri zambiri zokhudza izo. Mwachitsanzo:

Nthano - gwero la zolembalemba, amene amathandiza mwana kukhala m'maganizo.

Nthano - gwero la zolembalemba, amene amathandiza mwana kukhala m'maganizo.

Kuyambira kasewenzetsedwe ka mau anapanga ngati kungokhala chete participle pano ndi m'mbuyomu, komanso kwenikweni.

Khama la mgonero

Mu Russian, mgonero wotchedwa wapadera mtundu wa mneni amene, kusonyeza chizindikiro cha zochita za nkhaniyi. Mgonero yomweyo awiri morphological katundu:

1. Ndi zizindikiro zikusonyeza kasewenzetsedwe ka mau.
2. Ndi zizindikiro za adjectives.

Ngati kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, participles kumeneko:

• view - wangwiro (funsolo "chochita" - mnyamata amene awerenga bukuli) ndi ungwiro ( "chochita" "chitani" - mnyamata kuwerenga buku);
• reflexivity (suffix kutha mu - Xia - Ponena mwachitsanzo, acitsanurira) ndi waufupi (kusewera);
• mawonekedwe kale (ndinapeza ntchito - kupeza ntchito), ndipo nthawi ino (kusewera - kusewera);
• akhoza linachokera ku verebu transitive ndi intransitive, ndi achangu ndi kungokhala chete.

Monga adjectives, participles ndi:

• amabadwa (mwana zojambula - chachimuna, kujambula mtsikana - chosalimba, kuti akupereka chipangizo - neuter);

• chiwerengero (munthu amene amaganiza za chakudya, utoto chithunzi - chinthu chokha; anthu amene amaganiza za chakudya, anthu amene achotsedwa - zambiri) ;
• imfa;
• malizitsani mawonekedwe, ndipo ngakhale chabe ndi lalifupi mawonekedwe (mwachitsanzo, wolemba anatulukira - anayambitsa ndi wolemba).

Saiwalika, kuti participle kungochita pano zakale anapanga okha kuchokera kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mawonekedwe Transitional.

transitive

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awa amanena kuti kanthu ndi kusintha kwa phunzirolo ndipo nthawi zonse akufotokoza za liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba kapena puronauni mlandu. nominative, opanda mawu akuwiringula;

• wogulitsa wodwala (chiyani?) tchizi (kulemetsedwa ndi wogulitsa (kuti) tchizi?);
• mnyamata akukumana (ndani?) mayi (akukumana mwana (amene) mayi anga).

Pali zosiyana ndi lamulo limeneli, mwachitsanzo, ndi kumakana ndi nauni kapena puronauni angaime kubereka. nominative popanda chochitira (kudya nkhomaliro (chinthu) msuzi - msuzi, kudya pa nkhomaliro). The wosamasula N'chimodzimodzinso ngati kanthu limasonyeza nkhani (odulidwa (chinthu) mkate? - The odulidwa (chinthu) ya mkate yokwanira).

Kupanga participles chabe

Mgonero, kusonyeza kuti nkhani ya chizindikiro poyerekezera ndi zomwe kanthu ikuchitika, ali chabe. Mwachitsanzo:

• Nsomba (chiyani?), Pokhala ndi asodzi, anali carp.
• Mphete (chiyani?), Opatsirana ku mibadwomibadwo kudzera mu mzere wamkazi.
• Knowledge (chiyani?), Anagula mu kuchita, kukhala zinachitikira.
• Mphaka (chiyani?), KUSANKHIDWA pa msewu, anakulira lalikulu lotayirira mphaka.

Monga Tingaone zitsanzo, kungokhala chete participle kuyankha mafunso mofanana adjectives.

Chabe pano participle anachokera ku zapansi mawonekedwe opanda ungwiro pompopompo. Mwachitsanzo:

• onani - zooneka;
• chikondi - amakonda;
• kulankhula - govorimy;
• kumva - anamva.

Chabe participle mu tensi yakale - izo lachokera ku kumachitika mneni:

• kufufuta - erases;
• onani - masomphenya;
• kupanga - anapanga.

Chabe pano participle (Zitsanzo pamwamba) alibe maonekedwe wangwiro.

Suffixes mu pakali pano

Suffix polenga participles chabe mwachindunji zokhudzana conjugations mneni. Suffixes chabe participles tsiku - 1 conjugation - izo - St ndi 2 - kuti iwo.

• kusunga - anati (conjugation 1);
• kugulitsa - anagulitsa (1 Ref.);
• avale - amavala (1 Ref.);
• sitolo - kusungidwa (2 Ref.);
• mchere - Solimena (2 Ref.);
• kuyendetsa - lotengeka (2 Ref.).

Pali kuchotserapo imene chabe pano participle wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive alandiriratu pambali pake manauni kapena mawu mu nkhani malangizo. Mwachitsanzo:

• kutsogolera (chiyani?) timu - timu kutsogozedwa ndi Chief;
• ulamuliro (? ndani) ndi - anthu kudzilamulira okha.

zingapo kasewenzetsedwe ka mau sapeka participle zoterozo mu pakali pano konse. Zitsanzo za kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amenewa: kumenya, kuti kusoka, malo kulemba ndi ena. Ngati anapatsidwa ntchito "kupanga participle chabe nthawi ino", ndiye basi ayenera kukumbukira za kuchotserapo izi.

Mneni okha, n'kupanga mitundu iwiri ya participle chabe mu nthawi ino, ichi kusuntha - munthu lotengeka ndi lingaliro; nkhani, kusuntha mphamvu ya maganizo. Mu nkhani iyi, suffix a chabe pano participle chibadidwe onse conjugation.

Suffixes zinachitika kale

Mgonero zinachitika kale anapangidwa kuchokera ungwiro ndi langwiro mtundu wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau :

• awiri - nn - mu participle chabe ntchito pamene mneni itha -at, -yat, -et: kuwerenga - kuwerenga, kodi - anapanga;
• -enn suffix aikidwa kuti kasewenzetsedwe ka mau maziko, kutha mu m kapena -it: kubweretsa - anabweretsa kupanga - wangwiro;
• suffix - mamita imaikidwa mu mapangidwe mneni kutha mu -nut, -ot, -eret, mwachitsanzo, pafupi - kutsekedwa, akupera - nthaka, zokhoma - zokhoma.

The suffix - T amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kulenga participles chabe kasewenzetsedwe ka mau monosyllabic, monga wosambitsa - kutsukidwa, kumenya - kumenyedwa ndi ena.

Ena kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, mwachitsanzo, tengani, onani, chikondi, musati kulenga participle chabe, ndi ku kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kutha mu -sti, -st, zinachitika kale anapanga mwina kuchokera pano kapena m'tsogolo:

• kubweretsa kunyumba - kunyumba;
• kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro - chikhulupiriro zopezeka;
• kuba wotchi - ndi kubedwa wotchi.

Mu zitsanzo zimenezi, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau m'tsogolo pano, ndi participle zapitazi.

mitundu participles

Chabe participle amitundu yosiyanasiyana 2 m'mbuyomu ndipo pakali pano - wathunthu ndi zambiri. Mu yochepa mawonekedwe, iwo amatsamira pa manambala, ndi limodzi - patchuthi, monga Tingaone mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Chabe pano participle: mzindawo, yapsya (.. wamwamuna jenda, chiwerengero cha mayunitsi) - mzinda moto mpaka pansi; mzinda moto mpaka pansi - mzinda moto mpaka pansi (zambiri).
• mitundu yochepa zinachitika kale: buku kuwerenga mofulumira - bukhu kuwerenga mwamsanga;

mitundu Full ndi suffixes awiri -n: -nn, -enn pamene munthu - N - mwachidule chabe participle. Mwachitsanzo, ndi bwino Baibulo - Baibulo la bwino kudya malingaliro chinsinsi - maganizo utaeny. Si onse mgonero wa mtundu uwu ndi lalifupi mawonekedwe Mwachitsanzo, kapolo, kuphunzitsa govorimy ndi ena.

Monga chiganizocho, mwachidule ngati okwana participle chabe kungakhale zina, koma nthawi zambiri predicates:

• njira (Kodi kuchita) munali masamba golide (mneni);

• mwana adamwalira nyimbo lulled (tanthauzo) (chiyani?);
• nyimbo ouziridwa, (chiyani?) ndinayamba kuvina (tanthauzo).

Mu mawonekedwe a predicates mwachidule participle ntchito wothandiza kapena kukhala osiyana Mwachitsanzo, sitolo ndi lotsegula - sitolo anatsegula.

Declination participles

Popeza chabe participle adjectives ndi katundu zofanana, iwo angakhale ndi mtima wofuna kwa nkhani (a u chiwerengero), manambala ndi osiyanasiyana. Full chabe participle okonda m'njira chimodzimodzi adjectives, ndiko kuti, pa milandu, umayi ndi manambala. Mwachidule Mgonero akhoza kutsamira yekha pa manambala ndi kusiya.

• Ndipo - kafukufukuyu (anthu) za kafukufukuyu (mkazi) kafukufukuyu (anthu) kafukufuku (ana);
• P - anacheza (munthu) wa anayankha (mkazi) kafukufukuyu (anthu) za kafukufukuyu (ana);
• D - kafukufukuyu (munthu) wa anayankha (mkazi), amene anapereka (anthu) za kafukufukuyu (ana);
• B - anacheza (munthu) amene anafunsidwa ndi (mkazi) kafukufukuyu (anthu) za kafukufukuyu (ana);
• T - kafukufukuyu (munthu) wa anayankha (mkazi) kafukufukuyu (anthu) za kafukufukuyu (ana);
• P - (v) za kafukufukuyu (munthu) wa anayankha (mkazi), amene anapereka (anthu) za kafukufukuyu (ana).

Mu mawonekedwe kapisozi, mukhoza kusankha jenda ndi chiwerengero cha zokhudza mgonero nauni kapena puronauni: munthu kufunsidwa, mkazi anafunsa, anthu kafukufuku, ana amene anafunsidwa.

Kupita participles kungochita adjective

The maganizo chabe pano participle (zitsanzo m'munsimu) Nthawi zambiri kukwaniritsa udindo wa adjectives, ndi kusiya gulu ili, monga nthawi zonse ndi phindu mtengo wa chinthu Mbali. Mwachitsanzo, othodwa bwato, anaphika chitumbuwa.

Izi mitundu zachilendo kunyamula mawu ofotokozera, pamene iwo olembedwa mu participle chabe ndi munthu - Bambo : Nn Mwachitsanzo - ngati pali mawu kwambiri, ndiyeno awiri suffix ndi

• ndi anavulazidwa nyama - anavutika chirombo;
• othodwa bwato - bwato yodzaza ndi nsomba;
• wophikidwa pastry - makeke mu chitumbuwa uvuni.

Mu participles chabe kukhala ndi manambala oyambirira nthawi zonse ziwiri - N mu suffix lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, thawed, kumatheka, wosankhika, muli, ndi ena.

suffix The -ovanny zonse zolembedwa awiri - chigawo, ngakhale pamene Sakramenti la anasamutsidwa mu adjective - akayende, munthu oyenerera.

Tinthu "osati" mu participle chabe

Ma sakaramenti, ndi ofotokozera nauni kapena puronauni, ndi tinthu "ayi" nthawi zonse zolembedwa payokha. Mwachitsanzo:

• zinachititsa kuti garaja uncleared njira - zinachititsa kuti garaja si Achotsa chisanu njirayo;
• yosatha tiyi anali pa tebulo - osati dopit amayi tiyi anali pa tebulo.

Ndi yochepa chabe participle "ayi" tinthu olembedwa payokha: izo sanamalize, vuto si anatsimikiza, njira siinamalizidwe.

zopumira polemba participles

Mgonero ndi mawu tcheru, fano akutembenukira, amene amapereka wokhala ndi mipatuliro. Mawu amene amasonyeza sacramenti amatchedwa wotsimikiza. Ngati sakramentili anyamuka mawu, palibe koma: midadada mwala alimbane njira zinachititsa kuti paki. Kupatulapo ndi zolowa zokhudzana puronauni: kudzutsidwa ndi mawu, iye ananyamuka mwamsanga.

Mgonero, ataima pambuyo mawu yaima mfundo: ndi galimoto, ankathamanga ndi matope. Ngati mgonero ndi mawu yozungulira ataima pakati pa chiweruzo, ndi chionekera zizindikiro zopumira pa mbali zonse: galimoto, ankathamanga ndi matope, anapita kale.