Chernobyl pamaso ngozi ndipo pambuyo ngozi. pakugawa

Pripyat - tauni yaing'ono la akatswiri a mphamvu mu dera Kiev, pafupi umene uli waukulu mphamvu za nyukiliya Mmera wonse, umene analandira dzina lake kuchokera ili kutali na malo ake eponymous chigawo. Choncho anthu ambiri amakumbukira Chernobyl pamaso ngozi. Ndipo pambuyo ngozi, dzina wakhala kugwirizana ndi chimodzi chokha cha koipa masoka nthawi yake opangidwa. mawu amawonetsa kunyamula amaonekera la tsoka anthu ndi chinsinsi. Ndimachita mantha ndipo amachititsa. Kwa zaka zambiri Chernobyl adzatsala zofunika zikuluzikulu za padziko lonse.

A mbiri pang'ono

M'tauni yaing'ono ya Chernobyl wakhala kuyambira 1193. Kutchulidwa kwa ameneyu amapezeka mu zochitika za m'masiku a mndandanda ndi midzi yambiri Russian XIV atumwi. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma lotsatira, iye anali kale pansi pa ulamuliro wa Grand Duchy la Lithuania. Suli kutali ndi iye anamangidwira kufikako linga, atazunguliridwa ndi chemba kwambiri, limene masiku ano. M'zaka za m'ma XVI, mudzi uyu anakhala pakati chigawo, amene anapereka lokha anamva mu Europe pa nkhondo pambuyo ulimi wa 1789 mu France chifukwa cha "Rosalía ku Chernobyl", wotchedwa Rozaliyu Hodkevich (anakwatira Lubomirski). Iwo anali mmodzi wa ophunzira kwambiri yogwira anthu zochitika lakutali mbiri, ankauza tsoka wachisoni wa kumbali ya banja lachifumu la Bourbons ndi Marie Antoinette.

Mu 1793 mumzinda mbali ya Russian Ufumu. Iwo anali anthu Ukrainians, Zitsulo Ayuda. Ndithu nthawi yaitali Chernobyl linali likulu la Hasidism, gulu lachipembedzo ku Chiyuda.

Pang'ono wodziwika mu mzinda lonse linali Chernobyl pamaso ngozi. Ndipo pambuyo ngozi kwa iye mwadzidzidzi ikufotokoza padziko lonse, ndipo dzina lake kwambiri ochuluka ntchito m'banja yolakwika tanthauzo, chaola mawu "tsoka" ndi "ngoziyo".

pamaso ngozi

Mu zaka 70 Mu zaka zapitazo, padziko lonse panali mtundu wa Boom chitukuko cha mphamvu nyukiliya. Masiku amenewo, m'mayiko ambiri, ambiri zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya anaikidwa, mmodzi amene inamangidwa pafupi confluence wa Dnieper Mtsinje Pripyat. Kutumidwa wa unit woyamba pa Chernobyl nyukiliya magetsi chinachitika mu 1975. Ndi kasupe wa 1986 pa mbewu opareshoni chifukwa cha mayunitsi mphamvu zinayi.

Pafupi yomweyo ya nyukiliya magetsi ndi matauni ang'onoang'ono ndi antchito kosangalatsa ndi ogwira ntchito - Chernobyl ndi Pripyat. yotsirizira linakonzedwa pa maziko a NPP mizinda Kanema. Kupereka ntchito anthu a m'banja la mphamvu, izo yomanga ambiri mwa makampani mafakitale anagawidwa. Zomangamanga mudzi wa anthu komanso atapatsidwa kwambiri chidwi, monga avereji ya anthu polis'ky atomograda anali zaka 26.

Pripyat m'masiku amenewo anali mmodzi wa zapamwamba m'mizinda Chiyukireniya. mayendedwe ake yabwino, lalikulu lonse misewu, kufalitsa m'madera zogona ndi m'mapaki lachisangalalo kuti anthu ambiri ochokera m'midzi yapafupi ndi midzi, kuphatikizapo Chernobyl.

Kufikira tsopano, anthu ambiri sali bwino kwambiri kumvetsa kuti wodzichepetsa dera likulu la Chernobyl zaka pamaso ngozi, anali pang'ono kuchita ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya. Choyambirira akatswiri likulu mphamvu anangowuzidwa azipeza mzinda achinyamata Pripyat, yomwe ili makilomita atatu kuchokera Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu. Ngozi Chernobyl chikugwirizana ndi izo, koma anapatsidwa dzina lake ndi dzina la malo chigawo eponymous, unali kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa siteshoni pa mtunda wa makilomita 18. Pripyat ndi anakhazikitsidwa mu 1970 yekha chifukwa cha pomanga Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu. Chernobyl unali m'tauni yaing'ono ya anthu palibe anthu oposa 13 zikwi. Tsopano mu zone chowasiyanitsa ndi kunyumba kwa anthu za 5000, umene penapake mu 4000 kuti moyo pakati chigawo cha Chernobyl.

ngozi

Opangidwa tsoka, kumene kunachitika 26 pa April 1986 mbiri chaka cha mzinda kugawidwa m'mbali ziwiri: pamaso pa ngozi Chernobyl ndipo pambuyo ngozi.

Mphamvu wagawo № 4 pa nthawi ya polojekiti mayeso a mmodzi wa chopangira mphamvu magudumu kuphulika anawononga riyakitala. Panali pa 30 moto, kuwonongedwa kwa amene poyamba anapita yekha ndi Helicopters chifukwa malo aakulu cheza. Choyamba pambuyo ngozi anakwanitsa kusiya koloko loyandikana mphamvu lachitatu, zimitsani zida za mphamvu chachinayi wagawo, fufuzani udindo wa riyakitala mwadzidzidzi.

Chifukwa cha tsoka ilo wamasulidwa ku chilengedwe pafupifupi mamiliyoni 400 curies zinthu nyukiliya. Zinali mtundu watsopano tsoka, anapita mpaka mu mbiri monga mawu amamuonera tanthauzo yolakwika, - "Chernobyl". 1986 ngozi pa wamphamvu kwambiri chomera Union a Soviet mphamvu za nyukiliya waika anthu pa nkhope ya chosaoneka ndi maso, yosawoneka mdani - kuipitsidwa nyukiliya.

Zoyambitsa ngozi

Ngozi Chernobyl anali mmodzi wa masoka lalikulu mbiri ya mphamvu za nyukiliya. Anthu ambiri anaphedwa ndipo anavulala m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira. zaka izi tsoka kukupweteketsanso yaitali zotsatira cheza. Ku moto riyakitala mtambo lotengeka ndi yambiri zipangizo nyukiliya ku madera ozungulira ku Soviet Union ndipo ambiri a ku Ulaya.

kufunika ndale komanso wa Chernobyl tsoka Soviet Union sanathe koma bwanji nthawi ya kufufuza zimene zimayambitsa matendawo. Kutanthauzira kwa mfundo ndi mavuto a ngozi anali kusinthidwa kangapo. kugwirizana A si anafika mpaka tsopano.

Pakati zimayambitsa ngozi akuitanidwira zolakwa kamangidwe ka mbewu, zolephera zingapo structural wa RBMK-1000 riyakitala, zochita unprofessional wa likusuntha ndodo ntchito, chifukwa cha zomwe zinachitika riyakitala imene inatha mu matenthedwe kuphulika kusalankhula unyolo anachita.

Zina mwa zifukwa anali kusowa malo maphunziro kuphunzira ogwira, kulephera zida, opanda zofufuza, pakati pa 1980 ndi 1986. Pakati pa malingaliro osiyanasiyana akhala pang'ono sukulu chivomezi likusonyeza kuti mfundo 4.

Ya akuluakulu ndi mankhwala anali chabe bodza lalikulu, udindo ngozi anali ankatembenukira okha ndi ntchito ndi zolakwa zawo matenda anakhudzidwa anakana kukaonana zimayambitsa cheza. Zonse pali pofuna kuchepetsa kukula kwa ngoziyo.

pakugawa

Zone ku Chernobyl ndi kupatuka a dziko. Chotero boma la mwadzidzidzi chifukwa chidwi nyukiliya kuipitsidwa kwa malo amene ali umakhala pafupi ndi nyukiliya magetsi. Kudera limeneli analigaŵa m'zigawo zitatu, pansi pa ulamuliro wa: nyukiliya siteshoni mphamvu yokha mwachindunji, otchedwa zone wapadera, khumi ndi dera sate-kilometre.

Pa m'malire awo ikuchitika magalimoto mosamalitsa kusamala, mfundo decontamination ndi kufalitsidwa.

Mu Chernobyl, ntchito yazamalamulo mabungwe chinkhoswe mu chitetezo cha m'dera la mabacteria ndi kuwunika kulowa oletsedwa m'dera lawo ndi anthu wosaloleka. Apa zochokera makampani akuluakulu, zofunikira ndi nyumba zina, pogwira ntchito kukhalabe m'dziko otalikirana mu chikhalidwe zachilengedwe otetezeka.

moyo wachiwiri

A pang'ono odziwika m'tawuni unremarkable imvi dvuhetazhki misewu wobiriwira ndi woyera - linali pamaso pa ngozi Chernobyl ndipo pambuyo ngozi iye Adadzadzidwa ndi zodziwika mdziko lonse, m'kamphindi, mzinda, mpaka kalekale atapanga mu nthawi Soviet Union.

Chimakopa mafani kuchokera pa dziko Postapokaliptika. Chernobyl ndi Pripyat, kamodzi molimba anachita m'tsogolo, tsopano mu zone chowasiyanitsa ndi zina mwa pulogalamu ulendo pansi maulendo cha boma. Makamaka wotchuka m'dziko lino anagonjetsa mu 2007 pambuyo amasulidwe masewera kompyuta «STALKER:. Mthunzi wa Chernobyl"

Malinga ndi magazini Forbes mu 2009 Chernobyl zone m'gulu mndandanda wa malo 12 alendo, anazindikira zosowa kwambiri.

M'madera ena mlingo wa poizoni m'dera kuposa kololeka osachepera nthawi 30, koma izi sasiya amene akufuna umboni chipilala kwambiri odzitukumula ku tsoka munthu. Mu Chernobyl, 40 000 alendo anapita kwa zaka khumi zapitazi. Chaka ambiri ndithu stalkers anachedwa mozemba ozama mu malo m'dera "Chivumbulutso", malo kumene anthu sadzakhoza moyo. Komabe, otaya alendo amalenga chakudya n'kumuuza kuti ngati mzinda amalola kupeza moyo wachiwiri.