Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky: yonena maganizo

Antchito a Tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox, Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky anali Ryazan ndi Locum Tenens wa Mkulu wa Mabishopu Mpandowachifumu. Iye anawuka kuyamika Peter Ine Komabe, anali ndi maganizo ndi mfumu, kenako kunkakhala nkhondo. Asanamwalire locum wake tenens Synod analengedwa, imene boma kwathunthu kugonjetsa Church.

zaka zoyambirira

Tsogolo mtsogoleri wachipembedzo Stefan Jaworski anabadwa mu 1658 mu mzinda wa Jawor, wotchedwa Galicia. makolo ake olemekezeka m'malo osauka. Mu mawu a Andrusovo Mtendere mu 1667, anasamukira ku m'mphepete mwa Poland komaliza. Orthodox banja Jaworski anaganiza zochoka n'kupita Yavor Kumanzere-Bank Ukraine, amene anakhala mbali ya Moscow State. kwawo latsopano anatembenuka m'mudzi Krasilovka pafupi ndi tauni ya Nezhin. Apa Stefan Jaworski (mu dziko dzina lake anali Semyon) anapitiriza maphunziro ake.

Mu ubwana wake, iye kale paokha anasamukira ku Kiev, kumene analembedwa Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium. Iye anali mmodzi wa mabungwe yaikulu yophunzitsa kum'mwera kwa Russia. Apa Stefan anaphunzira mpaka 1684. Iye adayandikira chidwi wa Metropolitan tsogolo la Kiev Varlaama Yasinskogo. Mnyamatayo anali wolemekezeka osati chidwi komanso chapadera luso lachibadwa - chithunzithunzi kukumbukira ndi tcheru. Barlaam anamuthandiza kupita kuphunzira kunja.

Phunziro mu Poland

Mu 1684, Stefan Jaworski anapita Rzeczpospolita. Anaphunzitsidwa ndi Ajezwiti ku Lviv ndi Lublin, anakhala bwino zamulungu ku Poznan ndi Vilnius. Akatolika anatenga izo pokhapokha kuphunzira uja chikhulupiriro Uniate. Kenako kuchita izi anali kudzudzulidwa ndi adani ake ndi kudwala anthu ena mu mpingo Orthodox Russian. Nthawiyi Uniates anakhala asayansi ambiri amene angafune mwayi wolankhula ndi mayunivesite Western ndi malaibulale. Ena mwa iwo anali Mwachitsanzo, chikale Epiphany Slavonetsky ndi Innokentiy Gizel.

Phunziro Yavorsky mu Commonwealth inatha mu 1689. Iye analandira dipuloma Western. Mu zaka zochepa chabe mu Poland anaphunzira wazamulungu ritorskomu, stihotvorcheskomu komanso cha nzeru za luso. Panthawi imeneyi potsiriza anapanga maganizo ake lonse zimene anatsimikiza zochita zonse m'tsogolo ndiponso zochita. Palibe chikaiko kuti anali Catholic Jesuit anaika mwana wake kulimbikira kudana ndi Aprotestanti, ndi amene kenako mudzamuchitira Russia.

Bwererani ku Russia

Tikaonanso Kiev, Stefan Jaworski amasiya Chikatolika. The Academy m'dera analandira pambuyo mayeso. Barlaam Jasinski Yavorsky analangizidwa kuti mutenge madongosolo kumene kumakhala Amonke. Kenako anavomera, ndipo anakhala wansembe, kutchula dzina Stephen. Poyamba iye anali novice mu Lavra Kyiv-Pechersk. Pamene osankhidwa Metropolitan Barlaam, anathandiza protégé wake kukhala mphunzitsi vitiystva ndi apamwamba pa Academy. Jaworski mofulumira kupeza malo atsopano. Ndi 1691 anakhala Pilato, komanso katswiri wa nzeru za anthu ndi zaumulungu.

Monga mphunzitsi Stefan Yavorsky, amene yonena anali kugwirizana ndi Poland, anagwiritsa ntchito njira Latin kuphunzitsa. Wake "ziweto" anali alaliki tsogolo ndi boma akuluakulu ndi udindo wapamwamba. Koma wophunzira chachikulu chinali Feofan Prokopovich - tsogolo mkulu mdani Stefan Yavorsky ku tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox. Ngakhale patapita mphunzitsi mlandu kuti anali mkati mwa mpanda wa Kiev Academy yofalitsira chiphunzitso cha Katolika, tirades izi zinali zoona. mlaliki nkhani malemba amene anapulumuka masiku ano, pali kufotokoza zambiri za Western Akhristu zolakwika.

Pamodzi ndi kuphunzitsa ndi maphunziro kuphunzira pa mabuku Stefan Jaworski anatumikira mu mpingo. Amadziwika kuti Yesu anachita mwambo wa ukwati mphwake Ivan Mazepa. Nkhondo ndi wansembe asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda ananena zabwino hetman lapansi. Mu 1697 zaumulungu anakhala abbot pa St. Nicholas ansembe yotchedwa m'chipululu pafupi Kiev. Zinali ntchito izo zimatanthauza kuti posachedwapa akuyembekezera Jaworski matauni. Padakali pano, anathandiza kwambiri a Barlaam ndipo anayenda ndi malangizo ake kwa Moscow.

mosayembekezereka

Mu January 1700, Stefan Jaworski, amene yonena Ndizachidziwikire kuti ntchito Er anali kuyandikira kukhota lakuthwa, ndinapita ku likulu. Metropolitan Varlaam anamufunsa kukumana ndi mabishopu, Adrian ndi kumawakakamiza kuti alenge latsopano Pereyaslavskaya mpando. Mtumiki anachita ntchito, koma posakhalitsa panali unasintha mosayembekezereka kuti zinasintha moyo wake modabwitsa.

Mu likulu, anafa fuko lomveka ndi mtsogoleri wa asilikali Alyaksei Shein. Iye, pamodzi ndi ana a Peter ine ndinkatsogolera adani a Azov, ndipo ngakhale anakhala munthu woyamba Russian generalissimo. Moscow anaganiza kuti chiyamikiro kunena kumene Stefan Yavorsky. Maphunziro ndi luso kulalikira munthu anaonekera m'njira yabwino ndi pamodzi olemekezeka. Koma ambiri Chofunika - Kiev alendo ananenapo mfumu, amene kwambiri zinapatsira momveka wake. Peter ndichita umboni za kholo Adrian Mtumiki Varlaam mutu wa ena m'dera Suli kutali Moscow. Stefan Yavorsky analangizidwa pa nthawi ya anakhala ku likulu. posakhalitsa anapereka latsopano Metropolitan wa Ryazan ndi Murom. Kuyembekezera nthawi ayerera mu Donskoy obisika.

Metropolitan ndi tenens locum

April 7, 1700 watsopano Metropolitan wa Ryazan anali Stefan Jaworski. Bishopu yomweyo ananyamula ntchito yake, ndipo Inabuka zochitika tchalitchi. Koma ntchito yekha mu Ryazan sunakhalitse. Kale October 15 anafa okalamba ndi odwala mabishopu, Adrian. Peter ndinapita kwa Alexey Kurbatov anamuuza kudikira chisankho m'malo a. M'malo mwake, mfumu anakhazikitsa malo atsopano a tenens locum. Pa malo mlangizi amapereka kuika holmogorskogo Bishop Athanasius. Peter anaganiza kuti sanakhale ndi locum tenens, ndi Stefan Yavorsky. Sermons Kiev nthumwi mu Moscow, iye anabweretsedwa ku Mulingo wa Metropolitan wa Ryazan. Tsopano ndi chaka analumpha gawo lotsiriza ndi yokhala anakhala munthu woyamba wa tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox.

Linali meteoric nyamuka, chakhala zotheka kuyamika osakaniza ndi bwino zochitika ndi wachikoka 42 wazaka wazamulungu. maonekedwe ake wakhala plaything m'manja mwa apolisi. Petro anafuna kuchotsa mabishopu monga zimawononga ku bungwe la boma. Iye anakonza kukonzanso mpingo ndi Kumvetsela mwachindunji mafumu. Chimake choyamba cha kusintha izi zinali zokakamiza locum tenens maudindo. Poyerekeza ndi mbadwa, munthu alili ili ndi mphamvu kwambiri m'munsi. ukulu okha ndi amene amatsogozedwa ndi wamkulu kwambiri. Kumvetsa kusintha Petrine, munthu ndikuganiza kuti kuikidwa kwenikweni mlendo mwachisawawa ndi munthu Moscow mu malo ya mutu wa mpingo yosatha ndi mokonzekera.

Nkomwe ulemu adafuna Stefan Yavorsky. Uniate Church, imene anadutsa mu unyamata wake, ndi zina cha maganizo ungamuphe nkhondo ndi mzinda anthu. Appointee sanafune mavuto aakulu ndipo iye ankadziwa kuti iye kuvala "kuwombera" malo. Komanso, wazaumulungu anaphonya mbadwa ya Little Russia, kumene iye anali abwenzi ambiri ndi anthu. Koma iye anakana mfumu, ndithudi, sanathe Choncho, modzichepetsa ndinavomera.

polimbana ndi mipatuko

Kusintha anali osakhutira ndi chirichonse. Muscovites otchedwa Jaworski Cherkasov oblivantsem. The kholo la Yerusalemu Dositheus analembera Russian Tsar, kuti sitiyenera kulimbikitsa mbadwa oposa Little Russia. Peter sanali kulabadira chilichonse machenjezo amenewa. Komabe Dosifej kalata ya kupepesa, zomwe wolemba yekha anali Stefan Jaworski. Opal zinaonekeratu. Kholo lakale sankaona Kievan "ndithu chikale" chifukwa cha mgwirizano kutha atayima ndi Akatolika ndi Ajezwiti. Yankhani Dosifeya Stefan sanali kumangosokoneza mgwirizano. Only m'malo mwake Chrysanthos kusweka ndi tenens locum.

Vuto loyamba limene Stefan Yavorsky nacho mu njira yatsopano, ndi funso la okhulupirira Old. Pa nthawi iyi, otsutsa ankafalitsa timapepala ta mu Moscow, kumene likulu Russian ankatchedwa Babulo, ndipo Peter - Wokana Kristu. Kulinganiza chochitika ichi chakhala knigopisets otchuka Gregory Talitskii. Metropolitan Stefan Jaworski (Ryazan Dipatimenti anakhalabe mu ulamuliro wake) adayesetsa lobadwa zipolowe. mkangano Izi zinachititsa chakuti iye lofalitsidwa buku lake, odzipatulira kwa zizindikiro za kudza kwa Wotsutsakhristu. Ntchito poyera zolakwa za schismatics ndi mpheto zawo ndi maganizo okhulupirika.

otsutsa Stefan Yavorsky

Kuwonjezera pa Okhulupirira Old ndi milandu achikunja, tenens locum anali ndi udindo kudziwa ofuna m'maudindo kuti dioceses wopanda munthu. mndandanda wake anali kufufuzidwa ndipo anagwirizana ndi mfumu. Pokhapokha ankasangalala ndi munthu yemwe akanasankhidwa ali udindo wa Metropolitan. Peter analenga sikelo pang'ono kuti kwambiri okha tenens locum. Choyamba, inali yodzipereka a tchalitchi - msonkhano wa mabishopu. Ambiri a iwo sanali zidole Yavorsky, ndipo ena anali adani ake mwachindunji. Choncho, aliyense nthawi kuteteza mfundo yake ya view mu asamenyane momasuka ndi hierarchs mpingo wina. Ndipotu locum tenens anali yekha woyamba mwa yofanana, kotero boma lake sakanatha kupita poyerekeza aliyense ndi mphamvu yomweyo ya Makolo akale.

Kachiwiri, Peter Ine adakula mphamvu ya ansembe yotchedwa Bureau, mutu umene anaika fuko lomveka ake okhulupirika Ivan Musin-Pushkin. munthu uyu anali pabwino ngati mthandizi ndi mnzake locum tenens, koma zochitika zina pamene mfumu kuti n'kofunika kutero, anakhala mwachindunji apamwamba.

Chachitatu, mu 1711 zakale Boyar Duma potsiriza kusungunuka ndipo anaonekera mu malo ake Bungwe Senate. malamulo ake Mpingo ukugwira mfumu. Zinali mwayi Senate kuona ngati candidacy wa njira bungwe la tenens locum, malo a bishopu. Peter, amene ambiri akukopeka mu mfundo yachilendo ndi kumanga St. Petersburg, wapereka kasamalidwe ka mpingo ndi makina boma tsopano kuthandizapo monga yomalizira.

Mlanduwu Lutheran Tveritinova

Mu 1714 panali manyazi omwe kwambiri kukodzedwa phompho mbali imene inalipo mayiko ndi Stefan Yavorsky. Photos kulibe, koma ngakhale popanda iwo, olemba mbiri amakono atha kubwezeretsa chifaniziro cha kuthetsa German, makamaka wodzaza pansi Peter I. Mu izo anakhala malonda ochokera m'mayiko ena, amisiri ndi alendo ambiri ochokera Germany. Onse a iwo anali Achilutera kapena Achiprotestanti. Akatswiri Izi Western anayamba kufalitsa mwa anthu Orthodox wa Moscow.

Makamaka yogwira proponent a Lutheran anakhala freethinking dokotala Tveritinov. Stefan Jaworski, amene kulapa mpingo unali zaka zambiri zapitazo, anakumbukira zaka anakhala pafupi ndi Akatolika ndi Ajezwiti. Iwo anaika ndi locum tenens kusakonda la Achiprotestanti. Ryazan Metropolitan anayamba kuzunza Achilutera. Tveritinov anathawira ku St. Petersburg, komwe anapeza woyang'anira ndi mtetezi wa Senate mwa otsutsa Yavorsky. lamulo linaperekedwa, malinga ndi zimene tenens locum anali kukhululukira ampatuko ananena. Mutu wa mpingo, umene zambiri kusweka ndi boma, nthawi imeneyi sanafune concede. Adapempha zothandizira mipingo yawo mwachindunji kwa mfumu. Peter sanasangalale nkhani yonse ya chisautso cha Lutheran. woyamba koopsa kunabuka pakati pa iye ndi Yavorsky.

Nthawiyi, tenens locum anaganiza kufotokoza podzudzula Chiprotestanti Orthodoxy maganizo pa nkhani zosiyana. Choncho, iye mwamsanga analemba buku lake wotchuka "Mwala wa chikhulupiriro." Stefan Yavorsky ntchito zimenezi zinachititsa ulaliki mwachizolowezi za kufunika yosungira wakale maziko ndiwofatsa ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox. Pa nthawi yomweyo anagwiritsa ntchito apamwamba amene ankakonda nthawi Akatolika. Buku linadzaza ndi kusalandira Reformation zomwe zinkachitika mu Germany. maganizo ndi kulimbikitsa Aprotestanti German Pamudzi.

Nkhondo ndi mfumu

Nkhani ya Lutheran Tveritinov anakhala zosasangalatsa belu, posonyeza ubale wa mpingo ndi boma, anatenga malo pandunji pa Achiprotestanti. Komabe, kulimbana pakati pa iwo anali chozama kwambiri ndipo unakhala patapita nthawi. Iye kumatithandiza lofalitsidwa nkhani "Stone of Faith". Stefan Yavorsky bukhuli anali kuyesera kuteteza udindo wawo ndiwofatsa. Akuluakulu aletsa kulifalitsa.

Nthawiyi, Peter anasamukira likulu la dzikolo wa St. Petersburg. Pang'onopang'ono linasamukira akalonga onse. Locum Tenens Metropolitan wa Ryazan ndi Stefan Yavorsky anakhalabe mu Moscow. Mu 1718, mfumu inalamula kuti apite ku St. Petersburg ndi kuyamba kugwira ntchito ku likulu latsopano. Unachititsa kusakhutira Stephen. Mfumu Nditatsegula mfundo zake ndipo sanakane. Kenako anandiuza kuti kufunika Board Uzimu.

Kupezeka ake polojekiti anatumidwa kupanga Feofan Prokopovich - akale wophunzira Stefana Yavorskogo. Locum Tenens sanagwirizane ndi maganizo ake prolyuteranskimi. Komanso mu 1718, Peter anayambitsa anangotchula wa Bishop Theophan Pskov. Iye adayamba kupeza mphamvu zenizeni. Iye anayesetsa kukaniza Stefan Yavorsky. Kulapa ndi chinyengo pa tenens locum anali phunziro la nkhani ndi mbiri, kufalitsa ndi mitu onse. Against iye anakhazikitsako akuluakulu ambiri otchuka amene anasankha ntchito pa Peter ndi amene anali kumbali ya njira kumvera mpingo boma. Choncho, Metropolitan wa Ryazan anayesetsa kuwononga mbiri ya njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukumbukira kugwirizana wake ndi Akatolika pa maphunziro awo ku Poland.

Ntchito pa mlandu wa Tsarevich Alexei

Nthawiyi, Petro anali kuthetsa mkangano winanso - nthawi imeneyi banja. mwana wake wamwamuna, mwana Alexei sanagwirizane ndi malamulo a bambo wake, ndipo pamapeto iye anathawira ku Austria. Iye anabwerera kwawo. Mu May 1718, Peter analamula Stefan Yavorsky kubwera kwa St. Petersburg kuimira mpingo pa mlandu wa mkulu opanduka.

Panali mphekesera zoti kuti tenens locum chifundo ndi Alexei ndipo ngakhale anali kulankhula naye. Komabe, palibe umboni zopelekedwa izi. Komano, amadziwika kalonga sanali latsopano ndondomeko mpingo wa bambo ake, ndipo iye anali kumbali ambiri mwa atsogoleri ndiwofatsa mu Moscow. Pa mayesero a Metropolitan wa Ryazan anali kuyesera kutetezera ansembe awa. Ambiri a iwo pamodzi ndi kalonga mlandu woukira boma ndi kuphedwa. Stefan Yavorsky kuchititsa Peter sadathe. Locum Tenens eni utumiki manda Alexei mwachinsinsi akufa mu ndende cell ake madzulo a kuphedwa.

Atalenga Sinodi

Zaka zingapo anali kuphunzira bilu pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Board a Uzimu. Chifukwa, izo anadziwika Loyera Bungwe Synod. Mu January 1721 Peter zinasaina Ndondomeko pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulamuliro zofunika ulamuliro wa mpingo. Mamembala kumene osankhidwa a Sinodi anali mopupuluma analumbira, ndipo mu February, chiyambi cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito mpaka kalekale. The Orthodox inali yololedwa zimafika ndipo anasiya m'mbuyomu.

Yokhala Petro pa mutu wa Sinodi ya Stefan Yavorsky. Iye ankatsutsa m'banja latsopano, kuganizira mofatsa mpingo osamalira. Iye sadafikeko ku misonkhano ya Synod, ndipo anakana kusaina pepala wosindikiza thupi ili. Mu utumiki wa boma Russian Stefan Yavorsky ankadziona mu mphamvu osiyana kwambiri. Koma Peter anamusunga iye pa malo nkhope okha kusonyeza kupitiriza wa bungwe mwamwambo chabe mabishopu, mestoblyustitelstva ndi Synod.

Mu mabwalo apamwamba anapitiriza kufalitsa uthenga wodzudzula, yomwe ikuti Stefan Yavorsky. Chinyengo yomanga ya agulupa Nijinsky ndi machenjerero ena oipa amati ndi Metropolitan ya malirime Ryazan zoipa. Iye anayamba kukhala mu mkhalidwe nkhawa nthawi zonse inagunda kwambiri thanzi. Stefan Jaworski anafa pa December 8, 1722 mu Moscow. Iye anali zaka loyamba ndi lomaliza la tenens locum wa Mkulu wa Mabishopu Mpandowachifumu mu mbiri Russian. Atamwalira zinayamba awiri nyengo synodal pamene boma wachita mbali yake ya bureaucracy mpingo.

Tsogolo la "Stone of Faith"

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti buku lotchedwa "Stone a chikhulupiriro" (mutu wolemba ntchito locum tenens) linatulutsidwa mu 1728 pamene iye ndi Peter kale m'manda. ntchito, kutsutsa Chiprotestanti, bwino zapadera. kope lake loyamba mwamsanga atha. Kenako, buku wakhala republished kangapo. Pamene, mu ulamuliro wa Anna Ivanovna mphamvu nazo zochuluka za okondedwa, German Lutheran, "Stone of Faith" kachiwiri yoletsedwa.

Ntchito si yovuta ya Chiprotestanti, koma makamaka chofunika kwambiri, zinali zabwino pa nthawi imeneyo, kufotokoza mwadongosolo Chikhulupiriro Orthodox. Stefan Jaworski anatsindika malo amenewo umene unali wosiyana Lutheran. lonena unadzipereka kwa zotsalira, zithunzi, ndi Sacramenti ya Ukaristia, mwambo wopatulika, ndi ampatuko, ndi zina zotero. D. Pamene chipani chikale potsiriza anapambana pansi Elizabeth, "Stone of Faith" anakhala lalikulu zamulungu Russian Church ntchito ndipo anatero mu m'ma XVIII .