Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich: yonena

Nikita Muravev anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a gulu Decembrist. Iye anali mlembi woyamba kulowa usilikali malamulo, ndi mwachidule lotsogoleredwa ndi North ndi anthu chinsinsi. Pa chiwembu mu St. Petersburg Muraveva ku likulu sanali, koma iye anali anamangidwa chakulalatira kazitape.

zaka zoyambirira

Tsogolo Decembrist Muravev Nikita anabadwa July 30, 1795 mu St. Petersburg. Iye anachokera ku banja lotchuka. atate wake, Mihail Muravev - Kazembe, gulu la matrasti wa Moscow University, wolemba ndi publicist waukulu wophunzitsa. Mayi Catherine a wotchuka Russian m'banja lapamwamba Kolokoltseva.

Muravev Nikita anaphunzitsidwa kunyumba, ndipo kenaka anapita ku sukulu University Moscow (Physics ndi Dipatimenti Masamu). Kumayambiriro 1812, iye anakhala collegiate kaundula. Komabe, m'chaka cha nkhondo. The Russian asilikali nkhondo Napoleon. Muravev Nikita anachoka kunyumba popanda mumve zambiri makolo, napita kupita kunkhondo. Youth analembetsa kumeneko monga chizindikiro. Iye anadzakhala membala wa kampeni yachilendo wa asilikali Russian ku 1813-1814. Chizindikiro anaonekera pa nkhondo pa Leipzig. Nkhondo chifukwa cha ukulu wake wakhala akudziwika ngati "nkhondo ya amitundu."

Ku Ulaya,

Kumapeto kwa msonkhano Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich unasamutsidwira General Wogwila. Komabe, pambuyo miyezi ingapo pa onse chomwecho mu 1814 Napoleon anabwerera kuchokera ku ukapolo pa Elba. Chiyambi cha wotchuka "masiku 100". Nyerere nthawi imeneyi pambuyo aggravation za moyo ku Ulaya seconded kuti Arseniyu Zakrevskomu - wina wa ku likulu Russian asilikali ku Vienna.

M'chaka cha 1815 Napoleon potsiriza anagonjetsedwa. Mfumu kale anatumizidwa ku chilumba cha Saint Helena, kumene anakafa. Pakali pano, anyamata Muravev Nikita apambana ndipo afika ku Paris. Monga ena a yokopa Russian lina ndipo anadabwa mmene moyo mu Europe ndi osiyana ndi mavuto a dziko lakwawo. Ndi zitsanzo izi m'kupita achinyamata ambiri kukhala Decembrists. Padakali pano, Nyerere mukondwerera chigonjetso wina ndi anzake. Mu Paris iye ali nazo zochuluka za kufunika kwa anzake, anakumana ndi atsogoleri a French kuukira boma - bishopu Anri Greguarom, wolemba Benjamin zonse, etc ...

Homecoming

Kumamverera backwardness la Russia ku West, Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich atabwerera kunyumba ndi mphamvu alikukonzeka anayamba maphunziro ake. Ngakhale ndiye iye anadziwa zambiri m'tsogolo Decembrists. Iwo anali ndi yemweyo zinthu yonena: nkhondo, ndawala kunja, adamthamangira kuona ufulu Europe.

Nyerere anaima pa chiyambi cha mabungwe woyamba wa Decembrists. Mu 1816 iwo unalengedwa "Union of Chipulumutso," ndipo mu 1818 - ". Ubwino wa Union" Bungwe yamasika zikuphatikizapo anthu 200. Yokhala, icho chinali chinsinsi, koma zoona zake m'dera wakhala wotchuka. Tinazindikira za izo ndi pamwamba kwambiri. Cholinga cha Union ndi kuphunzitsa anthu ndi, makamaka, ndi serfs. Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich ndi anthu ake ankakhulupirira kuti choipa mkulu wa Russia anali chabe ukapolo mu dziko. Mu wamba ukapolo anaona tsogolo lowala pa dziko.

"Union of moyo"

The "Union of moyo," Nikita Muravev ndi Sergeem Trubetskim ndi Aleksandrom Muravevym (panalibe ubale) analemba hayala m'dera - ". Green Book" ndi Mmenemo zofunikira za mphamvu osakhutira anali kukonza. Iwo ankafuna chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom, chiwonongeko cha autocracy ndi zikamera wa malamulo Russian.

Pa "Green Book" Ndinadziwa ngakhale Alexander I. Komanso anamuuza kuwerenga m'malo mwake anafuna - mng'ono wake Konstantin Nikolayevich. Poyamba, mfumu sanali kulabadira kwa gulu la Decembrists, akuganiza zosangalatsa achinyamata matauni. Komabe, mu 1820, Alexander maganizo udasintha mu Europe pakhala kusintha ambiri, ndipo ku Russia ndi mabwana awo anapandukira Semenov Regiment.

kusodza malamulo

"Union of moyo" anali kusungunuka mu 1821. Pambuyo kugawanika wa bungwe Nikita Muravev anayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Kumpoto Society. Likufanana ndi ichi, anakagwira Alonda. Kukhala naye Minsk, Decembrist anayamba bukuli za m'malamulo a m'tsogolo. Zikuoneka zofunika Kuwonjezera latsopano kwa chakudya cha lamulo lakale. Constitution Nikita Mikhailovich Muraviev linalembedwa kuti dziko limene dongosolo ang'onoang'ono, yolembedwa usilikali, Tikadakhala anawononga midzi ankhondo (chifukwa cha zimene anapanduka Semenov Regiment). The ufumu unayenera okha. Ntchito wakhala kudzudzulidwa ndi atsogoleri ena a Decembrists.

Nyerere anali membala otchuka a mtundu Kumpoto pa maziko wofanana ndi Nikolai Turgenev, ndi zina achinyamata ena. Decembrist sanaiwale tizilumikizana ndi Pavlom Pestelem. Nayenso, anali mutu wa Southern Society, ndipo anachititsa Muraveva chiwalo cha thupi lake lolamulira - wotsogolera, ngakhale ena kusiyana maganizo.

Kumangidwa ndi ukapolo

Mu December 1825 Nikita Mihaylovich Muravev, amene yonena ndi chitsanzo cha moyo wa aliyense wa kanjedza wofunika kwambiri kayendedwe Decembrist, anachoka ndi banja lake patchuthi. Chifukwa cha ichi, adaluza iye zonse zochitika nawo pofuna kuti akulakwa, ataima pa Senate Square ndi kugonjetsa amakhumudwa dongosolo boma. Muraviev anamangidwa masiku angapo, pa 20 December. udindo wake utsogoleri mu moyo wa anthu chinsinsi anati Arkady Mayboroda, bwenzi lakale Pestel ndipo posachedwapa limodzi ndi Kumwera Society.

Mu 1826, pa chisankho cha maulamuliro, Nyerere anagwidwa ukapolo ntchito ya kalavulagaga kwa zaka 15 (pambuyo chiganizocho anachepetsedwa). Chinsinsi komiti kufufuza nkhani ya Decembrists, iye sewero lake la zochitika za anthu chosintha. Anaweruzidwa munthu akutumikira m'ndende ku Chita ndi Petrovsky fakitale. Mu ukapolo, iye anali kulemberana ndi ena mwa Decembrists. Patatha zaka 10 wa Nyerere yowawa anapita kuthetsa m'mudzi wa Urik Irkutsk. Apo iye ankachita nawo ulimi, ndipo ngakhale anatsegula mphero lake. Anamwalira ali ndi zaka 47, May 10, 1843, osati kudikira chikhululukiro ndi kubwerera ku St. Petersburg.