Dziko Iceland: ofotokoza ndi chidwi mfundo

Phunziro la taphunzira za Iceland ndi lero. Kufotokozera za dziko, mfundo chidwi ndi zokopa - onse amene amagonjera pansipa.

zambiri

Iceland - chilumba ndi boma. Iwo chimakwirira kudera la 103 sq M.. Km, ndi anthu pafupifupi 322 zikwi. munthu. Capital - mzinda wa Reykjavik, pamene anaikira theka la chonse cha anthu, ndi mabusa - oposa theka. The chinenero ndi Iceland, ndi ndalama - Chiayisilandiki krona, mlingo wa imene 2016 anakwana akorona 122 pa 1 USD. Iceland - lipabliki aphungu lotsogoleredwa ndi mtsogoleri wosankhidwa kwa zaka 4. Pakuti kulowa Russia muyenera pasipoti ndi chitupa cha visa chikapezeka Schengen.

malo

Iceland - Dziko la ayezi - lili kumpoto kwenikweni kwa nyanja ya Atlantic, salinso ku North Pole a m'madera ambiri m'dziko. mbali kumpoto pafupi ndi Arctic Circle.

Chilumba kuchokera ena Europe: kuchokera yapafupi Faroe Islands 420 Km from chilumba cha Great Britain mu 860 Km ndi ku mfundo yapafupi pa gombe kumtunda kwa Norway mu 970 Km. Choona chidwi kuti, ngakhale, Iceland muli mayiko a ku Ulaya, ngakhale pafupi spaced ku North Greenland - 287 Km.

Iceland: zosangalatsa za dziko

Kutsegula Iceland amatanthauza mapeto a Chimonko Irish VIII atumwi, ndipo pambuyo kuno Normandy Nadod ndi Nkhosa. Zotsatirazi zochitika izi, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma IX, izo anayamba kulamulira yogwira chilumba ndi Scandinavia - anachokera Norway, limene kwa zaka pafupifupi, anakwanitsa amaphunzira pafupifupi onse oyenera amoyo ndi vuto la zachuma cha dziko.

Mu 1264, Iceland anali linalanda kwa Norway, ndipo mu 1381, iye ali gawo la Denmark. ufulu wodzilamulira dziko walandira yekha mu 1944.

Okhala pachilumbachi - anthu olimba mtima ndiponso onyada, mwaulemu kunena za m'mbuyomu za m'mbiri ndi miyambo. Makamaka, kwa wakale sagas Chiayisilandiki - sagas, limafotokoza nkhani ya feuds mafuko, nkhani zosangalatsa za elves, gnomes ndi anthu ena wosamvetsetseka kuli umene anthu ena amakhulupirira lero.

Mfundo zosangalatsa za dziko la Iceland kuli pafupifupi mlandu - m'ndende yekha, ndipo lili zosaposa khumi anthu. Apolisi pano kupita popanda zida, asilikali si konse.

Maziko a amasiku ano ali yekha mafakitale awiri - zotayidwa processing ndi nsomba. Mwa njira kunena kuti voliyumu ya pachaka wa kudzadzipeza wolephera m'zilumba wa maiko a ku Ulaya, kokha Norway.

Iceland pakati maiko otukuka. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri pa munthu amapeza pachaka pano ndi $ 39,000 (malinga ndi mfundo zathu Rublev - ndiye nzika iliyonse, kuphatikizapo mwana bere - milioneya).

chikhalidwe

Dziko Iceland, ngakhale kukula kwake wodzichepetsa, padziko lonse lapansi chilumba cha chiyambi chiphala. zilumba mpumulo ambiri thanthwe, awatulutsira pamwamba inasoŵeratu ndi yogwira mapiri. The apamwamba a iwo - Hvannadalshnjukur pachimake (2110 m), yomwe ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo gombe. Mfundo wotsikitsitsa chabe pafupi - ndi lagoon glacial nyanja (0 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja).

Ambiri mapiri yogwira nthawi kulengeza okha kuphulika wamphamvu. Phiri waukulu wa chisumbucho imatengedwa wotchuka Hekla (mamita 1488), lili "Grand Reykjavik" ndi kuwopsyeza am'deralo kuphulika ake mu 2000.

Khalani mtsinje motalikitsa kwa chilumbachi ndi Þjórsá (237 km). Mwa zina madzi zochuluka oundana ndi nyanja glacial ndi ubiquitous ndi osawerengeka.

Iceland ndi wapadera zosiyanasiyana malo achilengedwe. Kuwonjezera oundana, pamwamba m'madera ambiri a dziko ali ndi minda chiphalaphala. Kumalo amenewa nthawi zambiri anapeza geysers ndi akasupe a madzi otentha. Chilumba kufala miyala placers, yokutidwa ndi ndere wakuda ndi lichens, nkhalango zilumba birch ndi meadows wa udzu monga chimanga. Special wowoneka m'dera m'madera osiyanasiyana a pachilumbachi kupereka mathithi. Kugombe la kumadzulo chifukwa cha kukongola bwanji fjords ambiri. Kuteteza zidzasintha malo achilengedwe mu dziko kukhazikitsa malo osungirako zachilengedwe.

Nyengo ndi nyengo lililonse

Iceland - kudziko la kumpoto, zomwe siziri chimodzimodzi zimene dzina ayezi. Ndasambitsa mafunde ake ofunda, makamaka Gulf Stream kum'mwera, musalole kukhala ozizira, waukali chipululu.

Nyengo ndi ndi ofunda, ndi kutentha pafupifupi mwezi wa -1 ° C, amene ali nsanje ambiri inali kum'mwera kwa dera la Russia. Komabe, nthawi zina nyengo pafupipafupi mphepo yozizira, amene pamodzi ndi masango yobwerera Arctic ayezi, makamaka kum'mwera chakum'mawa, chifukwa mwadzidzidzi kutsitsa kutentha kwa -30 ° C. Tsiku kutalika - maola asanu.

The m'chilimwe simuli otentha. Avereji ya July kutentha ndi +12 yekha ° C. Otchulidwa kum'mwera - mpaka +20 ° C, ndi nsonga kwa + 30 ° C. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, chisumbu padziko koloko akuunika dzuwa, ndipo apa ndi chitsanzo chabe cha M'madera a zitunda kumalo ozizira usiku woyera.

Chamvula pachilumbachi si wogawana kugawa. Mwachitsanzo, kugombe la kumadzulo kwa chiwerengero ranges kuchokera 1300 mpaka 2000 mamilimita pa chaka, mu kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa mlingo wa ku 750 mm, ndi m'madera lamapiri la kum'mwera akhale ndi khalidwe mpaka 4000 mm.

Nyengo pano zimasintha kwambiri, ndi kukokomeza kunena kuti zikhoza kusintha mu maminiti pang'ono chabe. Only kuti anali ofunda ndi dzuwa, ngati mwadzidzidzi kumwamba ndimitambo, ndi analiza ozizira, awowo sankawayankha mwansangala mphepo. Anthu mwanthabwala ndikuuzeni alendowo kuchezera ndi alendo, "Ngati mwadzidzidzi inu sindimakonda chinachake mu nyengo, musataye mtima, kudikira theka la ola, ndipo asintha."

Reykjavik zokopa

Reykjavik - mudzi waukulu, likulu la Iceland. Amene dziko akhoza kudzitama nambala yaikulu zokopa? Ndipo Iceland ndi china choti awonetse alendo. Makamaka, mzinda waukulu linaikidwa mbiri ndi mapulani zipilala, zakale ndi zipangizo zamakono. Mwa iwo kukopa chidwi cha alendo:

• Kachisi Hallgrimskirkja - ichi dongosolo wodziwika bwino Lutheran m'ma XX atumwi, mu mawonekedwe a zotupa chiphala. Mkati ndi limba lalikulu. Pamaso pa mpingo ndi fano la Leif Eriksson osangalala.
• Cathedral ndi kachisi zazikulu, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XVIII mochedwa.
• Milimo ya Althingi (yamalamulo) kalembedwe chakale, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XIX.
• Perlan kapena ngale akufanana ndi Daisy ndi mzikiti buluu. Iwo unali pamwamba pa phiri ndipo ali ndi nsanja onsewo chifukwa kuonera konse mzindawo. Mkati nyumba ndi Museum Saga ndi, munda yozizira, ndi geyser yokumba, pavilions malonda ndi malo odyera.
• "Caffi Reykjavik» - bala iyi ndi wodabwitsa tichipeza midadada olimba ayezi, ndi zakumwa anatumikira mu ayezi ndithu magalasi.
• "Harpa" Concert Hall. pamakoma ake wapangidwa ndi maselo Mipikisano wachikuda galasi, omwe mothandizidwa ndi LEDs anamanga-, Alendo amachita chidwi kusewera a mitundu.

buluu lagoon

Laguna - gwero geothermal ndi achisangalalo ndi zofunikira zonse zoyenera. Mwina kwambiri odziwika ndi otchuka malo masauzande alendo. Laguna - chongopeka analenga madzi pa kutentha zonse 40 ° C. Izi ndi malo okhawo pa dziko la mtundu uwu, wodzala ndi alendo chaka chonse. Anapeza kuti akusambira m'madzi nyanja, wolemera mu mchere, amathandiza kuchiritsa matenda a pakhungu.

Chigwa cha geysers

Iwo anayambitsa m'zaka za m'ma XIII, pambuyo chivomezi chachikulu. Magwero ukulu wa Grand Geysir, madzi ndege ejects kutentha kwambiri pa msinkhu wa mamita 70 kuchokera pansi pa mamita zoposa zikwi ziwiri. Kuganizira za choonetsedwa izi zazikulu kumapereka chithunzi amphamvu. Palinso malo kusambira akasupe pafupi otentha. Anthu ntchito zachilengedwe kutentha geysers kutenthetsa m'nyumba zawo.

mathithi Seljalandsfoss

The mathithi ili kum'mwera kwa chilumbachi ndi chotchuka kwambiri ndi alendo. Madzi kugwa kuchokera kutalika mamita 60. Wasefukira kuchokera miyala kuti ntchito kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma tsopano anapanga chigwa kwabasi pa malo awa. Kukongola kwa mathithi (molumikizana ndi malo ozungulira) Palibenso. N'chifukwa chake zithunzi wake kuikidwa pa kalendala ndi mapositi kadi.

mapiri wachikuda

Mu nyengo yofunda wa chaka Landmannalaugar malo osungirako mukhoza kuona chidwi chodabwitsa - mapiri okongola kwambiri. The otsetsereka a m'mapiri wonyezimira ndi mikwingwirima zachilendo - bulauni ndi achikasu, nsaru wobiriwira, woyera ndi wakuda. chifukwa zodabwitsazi amagwirizana ndi chiyambi chiphala mwala. Malo paki pafupi Hekla kuphulika kupangitsa munthu wa malo otchuka kwambiri alendo a dziko.

Vatnajökull National Park

Kodi mungachite amatiuza za Iceland? Mfundo za dziko ndi zokonda zake zonse izi sitingazipeze pena kuti atchule mu nkhani ina. Komabe Ndikufuna kutchula za paki izi. Izo analengedwa mu 2008. Malo pafupifupi 12% mu Iceland, ndipo ndi yaikulu kwambiri ku Europe. Yapadera waukulu paki - ndi eponymous glacier m'dera mpaka mamita lalikulu 8100. Km ndi thicknesses ayezi mamita mpaka 500. Pansi chipolopolo wake wakumana ndi m'mapanga wokongola ayezi, komanso asanu mapiri yogwira.

Zosangalatsa ndi Vatnajökull alendo akhoza kutenga kuyenda pamodzi malo okongola, masewera yozizira, koma ankafuna kwambiri akusamba mu akasupe a madzi otentha, ili mkati mapanga ayezi.

Zedi, mbali yaing'ono chabe ya zokopa dziko achibadwa a Iceland, pa thambo ake alendo akuyembekezeka zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndiponso zodabwitsa.