Ethnonym - ndi chiyani ichi? tanthauzo

Kumasulira kwa ethnonym Greek - ndi limatanthauza "dzina la anthu." Kuyambira kale, mayina a mafuko ankanyamula tanthauzo ena. ethnonymic Science amaphunzira maina awa, kupeza mizu ndi kufotokoza tanthauzo.

The mayina oyamba wolakika

Mbiri yakale, chiyambi cha ethnonyms angakhale osiyana kwambiri. Mayina a mitundu ina anatengedwa pa ankhondowo a dziko lawo. Mwachitsanzo, mu VII m'ma pa Balkan Peninsula nkhondo gulu la Bulgarians Turkic olankhula. Khan anakhala wolamulira wa mlendo boma South Asilavo. Ing'onoing'ono Turkey pang'onopang'ono mbisoweka mwa anthu akuderalo.

Asilavo kuti silinathe, koma iwo anatenga dzina la agonjetsi zawo anakhala namesakes wa Volga Bulgarians, komanso Caucasus Balkars. Chitsanzo chimenechi chikusonyeza kuti ethnonym - chodabwitsa modifiable, ndi wokhutira akhoza kusintha.

Mofananamo, ngati Bulgarians, m'zaka XIII, zochitika anayamba ku Central Asia. Pa gawo la Uzbekistan ano kugonjetsedwa ndi asilikaliwa. Mayina a mafuko awo ndi mabanja anali anasonyeza mayina a magulu m'deralo (kotero apo manghud, Barlas ndi zina zotero. D.). Pa nthawi yomweyo ethnonym loyandikana "Chikazaki" ndi oyeretsedwa Turkic chiyambi. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina la akatswiri a zinenero, Mawu amenewa ndi ofanana ndi mawu akuti "Cossacks" (onse likumasuliridwa kuti "free, mfulu").

Pankhani ya wolakika ndi anagonjetsa ndi chitsanzo zosiyana. Nthawi zina anthu kuponderezedwa okha anapatsidwa dzina la agonjetsi awo. Chitsanzo ndi nkhani ya Hutts. Anthu amenewa ankakhala Anatolia kumayambiriro kwa lachitatu ndi wachiwiri zaka BC. e. Kenako, m'malo mwa Hutts anafika m'mayiko a azungu, amene anatchedwa Ahiti.

Magawo ndi anthu

Aliyense ethnonym - mtundu wa amafotokoza. Agwiritsidwa osati kokha kwa anthu, komanso dziko limene akukhala. maphunziro Ethnonymic akusonyeza kuti zina dzina la m'dera anapereka dzina la newcomer kwa anthu.

The lodziwika bwino mtsogoleri wa asilikali dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky anabadwa mu Macedonia - m'dziko la kumpoto kwa Greece wakale. Mu Middle Ages kudera ife anaika South Asilavo. Adalibe ofanana ndi chitukuko akale ndi atagonjetsanso ngakhale wake kuyambira kalekale mbisoweka. Koma dzina la Macedonia anapitiriza kulibe. Iwo anasiya amaonekera pa kum'mwera Asilavo. Similar mlandu ndi anthu Baltic la Prussia. M'zaka za m'ma XIII, dziko lawo anagonjetsedwa ndi Germany. M'tsogolo, boma la Germany m'dera limeneli ankatchedwa Prussia, ndi anthu ake, dziko la Germany ankatchedwa Prussians.

mapangano fuko

Nthawi zambiri ethnonym - chuma cha fuko lina, mkulu wakale wa mgwirizano kapena chitaganya. Mpaka m'zaka IX, ndi Czechs sindikufuna kutenga dera lalikulu kwambiri. Owazungulira zina zambiri mafuko West Asilavo. Koma m'kupita anali Czechs anathandiza oyandikana naye.

Union Polabian Asilavo bodrichey nalo dzina kuchokera mu limodzi la mafuko a m'banjamo. Apo ayi zinthu zinali pa anzawo lutici. Iwo ali latsopano dzina banja, si zokhudzana ena a mafuko. Ethnographic magulu Tungus ndi mwambo wa wotchula mtundu waukulu wa gulu.

Mumadziwika zitsanzo za kusintha. Tsankho alimi akhoza kugwa popanda, ndipo anamupangitsa mbali osiyana - kusunga dzina la pachiyambi. Komabe, sadzakhalanso ofanana akadali (ambiri). Choncho dzina Turk (Turkey wotsikayo kuchokera), Slovenia, Slovaks ndi Slovenia Ilmen (anachokera ku Asilavo).

ethnonyms olakwika

Ngati ethnonym "Asilavo" nthawizonse wakhala ali ndi tanthauzo lina, ethnonyms ena angasinthe wokhutira, ngakhale chinthu akanali yemweyo. Mu XIX m'ma Moldovans anaitanidwa ndi Agiriki ndi Majipise. Mu chisanadze chosintha Russia ethnonym "Chikigizi" Kodi kumukhululukira kwa Kirghiz (Karakirgiz maina awo), ndi Turkmens ndi Kazakhs.

Dzina la mtundu wina akhoza kufalitsa anansi ngati chidziwitso cha mgwirizano awa ali otalikirana ndi osakwanira. Mwachitsanzo, ethnonym "Chitata" wachita kale ntchito Russian poyerekezera ndi aliyense wa East. Izi kufala mwambo kwa Ulaya. Choncho anaonekera pa mapu a Chitata Khwalala (lomwe limasiyanitsa kumtunda kwa Sakhalin), pamene Womutsatira sunayambe wakhalapo osati Chitata, koma ngakhale asilikaliwa. Komanso mu Russia kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII a ku Germany ankadzitchula Danes kapena Dutch. Pakuti frendzh ina African ' "- si okhawo French, komanso azungu onse.

maudindo Evolution

Kukhala ethnonym mawu zimayambitsa latsopano yosadalira pa ubale yapita wamoyo. Ukrainians - osati mmphepete, ngakhale mu mwambo mutu uwu ndi tanthauzo padera mu izo. Choncho, maina anthu akhale magulu atatu a makhalidwe abwino. The choyamba - lingaliro isanafike mapangidwe ethnonym ndi, wachiwiri - pa ethnonym yokha, ndi wachitatu - adanyamuka ethnonym lapansi. Chitsanzo: mu chisanadze chosintha Russia, ndipo akuyendayenda iliyonse mdima munthu angatchedwe ya chi.

Pakati pa kudziletsa dzina ethnicons kuimira gawo ang'onoang'ono. Dzina la Germany choyamba ntchito mwa iwo koma ndi Aselote. Sami mafuko, anaika maziko a tsogolo la mtundu German, adamkana kwa wina ndi mzake. Iwo sanali gulu limodzi ndipo alibe dzina wamba. Pakuti Aselote, ndi Teutons ndi umboni waukulu mkati magawano kuti alibe udindo uliwonse.

maina European wa mafuko ambiri Native American Atengedwa pa anansi. Kupereka dzina, sindimakonda awo, mbadwa adamkana ena. Choncho, mafuko ambiri ankadziwika ndi maina kuti iwo sanazindikire. Mwachitsanzo, Navajo Indians amadziona "mudye" - kutanthauza kuti, "anthu." Palibe maina a zawo pakati pa Papuans. mafuko awa olekanitsidwa anadziwika azungu ozungulira mitsinje, mapiri, zilumba, midzi.

maina Kupititsa ndi totemic

Mmodzi wa ziphunzitso za dzina la anthu Bashkir limanena kuti mawu 'Bashkort "anamasuliridwa kuti" mlimi ". Ngakhale Baibulo ili ndi kutali zoyambirira, izo zikusonyeza za mtundu wina wa mayina mitundu. Ethnonim m'munsi kungakhale osati mawu osonyeza chikhalidwe cha polojekiti, komanso kukamba za chipembedzo. A nambala yaikulu ya anthu akale anatenga dzina lake polemekeza totem wake. Anaika unyinji wa zitsanzo ngati zimenezi. Indian fuko Cheyenne lili ndi dzina la totem njoka. Choncho panali mayina a anthu a Africa ndi Aaborijini a Australia.

Ponseponse Kupititsa ethnonyms. Buryats - ndi "nkhalango" (dzina anapatsidwa anansi steppe). "Anthu zitsamba" ankatchedwa otchedwa ma Bushmen. Dzina la Asilavo Union Dregovichi likumasuliridwa kuti "wogwirizana Bog" (dregva - bog, chithaphwi). Polankhula m'dzina la Balkan Montenegro.

Mtundu ndi sekondale ethnonyms

Mtundu ethnonyms zimapezeka m'madera onse a dziko. kulondola kwa Sizikudziwika ngati panali mawu akuti "Chibelarusi". Pali kutanthauzira zingapo: motengera mtundu wa malaya awo, maso kuwala kapena tsitsi. mtundu ethnonyms kwambiri m'zinenero Turkic: chikasu Uyghurs, woyera mwendo wakuda Nogais. Pali buku limene Chikigizi anthu - ndi "wofiira Oguz".

ethnonyms Secondary kupatula amene Makedoniya kale ndi Prussians - n'kofunikanso, amene anapereka dzina la Italy ndi ku Italy ano. Pamaso pa zikamera wa anthu Bavarian mu dera lawo anakakhala wakale Bavaria, akutulutsa Aselote boyev. Choncho etnonim anthu akale amakhala ethnonym a dziko, ndiyeno - anthu atsopano. chitsanzo cha England imatchedwanso - England - British ndi Afulanki - France - French.

Mayina mu maonekedwe ndiponso ntchito

Maziko a ethnonym zingakhale zizindikiro kunja. Indonesia anapereka dzina la Papuans ( "lopotana"). Ethiopiya - "anthu ndi nkhope anapsa" Lombards - "mkulu". Britain ndi kupenta mwambo thupi. Mwina zimene iwo anali kutchedwa "variegated".

Komanso ethnonym kuoneka ponena za miyambo ndi. Anthu akale a Sicily Siculo - "alimi" kapena "okolola", Koryak - "abusa". Arabia mabanja dafir ndi muntefik - "adaluka" kapena "ogwirizana" (a Buku pokonza kaphatikizidwe).

ethnonym Russian

Pali maganizo ambiri ammudzi sayansi zimene ali magwero a ethnonym "Lazaro". Varangian Baibulo limati liwu limeneli - Scandinavia, ndipo likumasuliridwa kuti "opalasa." Palinso ndimaganizo a m'mayiko a aku Iran (kutanthauziridwa monga "kuunika") ndi Proto-Asilavo. mwanjira ina, koma mu Ages Middle mawu "Lazaro" anali kutanthauza anthu komanso boma. Kwa iye linali dzina la makono a East Asilavo anthu.

Ethnonym "Russian" woyamba ntchito monga "anthu Russian". Kumayambiriro kwa XVIII ndi XIX zaka. ndi zikamera wa adjective ano zolembalemba ankagwiritsa ntchito yekha ndi chasanduka nauni. Patsogolo ulimi wa 1917, mawu akuti "Russian" akhoza potanthauza atatu East Asilavo anthu (n'kuduladula ndi Wamkulu Russia ndi Ukrainians anawonjezera).

dzina losonkhanitsidwa

Ethnonyms mu Russian potanthauza ya mtundu gulu (Chud) kapena ochulukitsa (a ku Germany). Monga ulamuliro, mau anapanga ndi suffixes lapansi. Mwachitsanzo -yata ndi -ichi akuimira mbadwa za mtundu womwewo. Chinenero cha Chirasha ngakhale anabwereka ethnonyms analandira kutsekedwa angapo: Italy, Germany, Estonians, ku Britain, ndi Estonians, Aigupto. suffixes izi monga -intsy -ovtsy ndipo chitsanzo cha nyumba ina ku suffix wina.

Derivation kungakhale lawolawo. Ethnonyms ya anthu kum'mwera-kum'mawa kwa Asilavo kum'mawa idatha -ary: Avars, Chitata, Bulgarians, Khazars, etc. Turkic ndi mizu m'mayiko a aku Iran chodabwitsa Izi ... mafuko Chifinishi kumpoto kwa Asilavo M'malo mwake, amatchedwa pamodzi: Chud, Vod, lonse, chilazi, samoyad, kors. Zitsanzo - si okhawo. Other ethnonyms losonkhanitsidwa: Erzya, Meria, Izhora, Meshchera, Mordvinians, Lithuania.

kuwapotoza

Pamene posamutsa mawu chinenero chinenero, kawirikawiri kwambiri kusintha phonetics ake. The Turkic zinenero mawu 'Russian' zikumveka ngati "Urus" kapena "Oros" monga kwa Turkic gulu mlendo kugwiritsa ntchito phokoso "tsa" pa chiyambi cha mawu. Hungarians amadzitcha okha Magyars. achibale awo ali patali Siberia - ndi Finno-Ugric anthu a Mansi. Kugawira lomwe onse ethnonym - ndife amodzi ndi mawu omwewo, kwambiri kusinthidwa phonetically (Meshchera wa gulu lomwelo, Mishari, Mazhar).

Ambiri mwa maina a anthu a Africa anali molakwika ndi colonizers European ndi ofunikira anaonekera mu Chirasha (Togolese, Congolese). ofufuza Cossacks koyamba kwa Buryats, anaganiza mwachidule dzina la alendo ndi mawu akuti "m'bale". Chifukwa cha ichi, mwambo wonse. Buryats nthawi yaitali otchedwa abale (choncho dzina la mzinda wa Bratsk). Kudziwa chiyambi cha akatswiri ethnonym "kuchotsa" kusintha yakale ndi kuyesa kupeza mawonekedwe wapachiyambi.