General zachuma ndiponso madera makhalidwe a Africa. Zochita za malo achilengedwe mu Africa

The funso waukulu wa nkhaniyi - ndi khalidwe la Africa. Chinthu choyamba chimene muyenera kudziwa - Africa chimachititsa yachisanu ya misa Dziko lathu. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti Africa ndi wachiwiri kukula, anangokhala zazikulu Asia.

Africa ndi khalidwe la ife ankaona ku mbali zosiyana, ife tikudziwa dziko, malo achilengedwe, mabacteria, anthu ndi zachilengedwe. Africa lili ndi mayiko oposa 50, ndipo makamaka 55. analandira kugawa Africa mu zigawo zotsatirazi:

• North.
• Otentha.
• South Africa.

Choncho timapereka mabuku sukulu, koma mabuku sayansi litsatira kugawanika yosiyana:

• North.
• South.
• West.
• East.
• Central.

M'midzi ndi malonda a akapolo

Africa Mbali N'zosatheka kutchula kwa ankawalamulira ndi malonda a akapolo. Chile, pamaso pathu, zowawa zambiri kuposa wina aliyense ku dongosolo la chitsamunda. azingokhala ake anayamba okha makumi asanu, ndi njuchi otsiriza linathetsedwa yekha mu 1990, ilo linali ndi dzina la Namibia.

Africa Mbali ndi maiko zolondola ziyenera EGP, akhoza amachepa chifukwa cha muyezo, koma ife timatenga chachikulu - kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kupeza nyanja. Popeza Africa - ndi kontinenti wokongola lalikulu, ndiye palinso anthu ambiri amene mayiko amene sali landlocked. Iwo zochepa anayamba tsopano, pambuyo kugwa kwa dongosolo atsamunda, mayiko onse mwayekha limati. Koma pali kuchotserapo, amene amatsatira mawonekedwe monarchical la:

• Morocco.
• Lesotho.
• Swaziland.

zachilengedwe

General maonekedwe a Africa ndipo amapereka Kupenda zinthu zachilengedwe m'dzikoli, chimene iye ali wolemera kwambiri. chuma cha Main Africa - zachilengedwe. Amapangidwa m'gawo la Africa izi chosefukira:

• Mafuta.
• Gasi.
• Iron miyalayo.
• Manganese miyala.
• Ureniamu miyala.
• Mkuwa miyala.
• Gold.
• Diamondi.
• Phosphorite.

Choncho, kodi ndi khalidwe ambiri Africa? Pakadali pano, yankho ndi zovuta, tidziwa kuti Africa ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe ndi ambiri m'mayiko ali kutali ndi nyanja, amene kubweza chitukuko. Ndi kukhalapo kwa mchere makamaka lodziwika South Africa, si yotengedwa mafuta, gasi ndi bauxite.

Chuma madzi a dziko kufunika pang'ono, ngati pali nyanja, monga:

• Victoria.
• Tanganyika.
• Niassa.

nkhuni

Forest mu Africa akugwirizira maperesenti oposa khumi m'dera okwana dziko. Ndi yokha Latin America ndi Russia. Tsopano izi nkhalango kunyanja zikukangalika kudula, imbaenda ku chipululu za gawolo. Kaperekedwe Africa, ndicho makonzedwe a zinthu agro-nyengo sangathe kuona bwino, chifukwa kwambiri kutentha ndi chinyezi ndi m'goli. m'dera nkhalango chimakwirira pafupifupi 8.3 miliyoni omwe makilomita lalikulu. Malinga ndi digiri ndi chikhalidwe cha Kugawilidwa kwanthaka mitengo Africa akhoza kugawidwa mu zigawo:

• Kumpoto (mayiko).
• Western (kotentha).
• East (mapiri ndi otentha).
• Kumwera (subtropical).

anthu

Mu Africa, tiyenera kudalira mazana asanu mitundu, ndi mbali yaikulu ya anthu m'dzikoli. Ena a iwo chakula mu mtundu, pamene ena akali pa msinkhu dziko. Ambiri limati Africa ndi anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, malire chachilengulengu pakati pawo (musati kusiyanitsa mtundu wina kwa mzake), ndipo zimenezi zimadzetsa mikangano yosiyanasiyana.

Pankhani kukula chibadwidwe Africa lili ndi mlingo kubadwa apamwamba, makamaka m'mayiko ena:

• Kenya.
• Benin.
• Uganda.
• Nigeria.
• Tanzania.

Popeza mkulu monga chonde ndi imfa, ndiye uli kapangidwe achinyamata. Anthu anakakhala omangidwa, pali dera lopanda anthu kwathunthu (cha Sahara), koma pali malo kumene anaikira anthu ambiri, monga Egypt. Pankhani mizinda, iwo mbiri anayamba kotero kuti amalima mayendedwe kwenikweni, tsopano mu Africa peresenti makumi awiri okha mumzindawu Anthu.

zone

Popeza Africa ali ndi lathyathyathya mtunda, koma mbali yaikulu ili pakati kotentha, ndiye pali kutchulidwa magawidwe. khalidwe la woyendera nthambi African ndi chiyani? Sitepe yoyamba ndi kugawa gawo lawo lonse padera. Wotsatira anapereka nkhani ya mabacteria la Africa. Choncho, amasulidwe lamba:

• Equatorial.
• Subequatorial.
• Otentha.

Tikumbukenso Komabe, mbali zonse za m'nkhalango kunyanja amasiyana alternately variable-chinyezi nkhalango, udzu, mitengo, m'zipululu, theka-louma, nkhalango subtropical, koma malo awo poyerekezera ndi kum'mwera kapena kumpoto sali yemweyo.

yamphamvu lamba

Izi ndi malo mwachilungamo zikuluzikulu, zimene akuchita dera la Gulf wa Guinea kwa maganizo a Congo. The zimasiyanitsa Mbali - kufala chaka chonse cha misa kunyanja mpweya. kutentha likhalebe pakati pa madigiri 24 ndi 28, palibe kusintha kwa nyengo. Chamvula limapezeka nthawi zambiri ndipo wogawana masiku 365. mvula pachaka mpaka 2.5 zikwi millimeters ya mpweya.

Ankaona mapangidwe wathunthu m'madera zachilengedwe Africa n'zosatheka popanda kutchulanso chakuti malowa ndi chinyezi kunyanja nkhalango. Izo zinachitika chifukwa cha mpweya yomweyo tsiku lililonse. Masana m'dera mumamva kutentha, amene ntchito chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa madzulo, mvula kapena mphepo.

subequatorial

Ndi zina ife kuchoka equator, chindichepere mvula imagwera kumeneko. Komanso, subequatorial lamba bwinobwino anagawa nyengo ziwiri:

• Mvula.
• Youma.

Popeza mvula sikokwanira, izo zingaoneke chodabwitsa ngati - nkhalango zowirira pang'onopang'ono m'malo osowa, ndi iwo, nawonso, adziwonetsa savannah. Tanena kale kuti alternates nyengo awiri, gawo limodzi chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mvula kuti anabweretsa misa mpweya equator ndi zina pa nthawi iyi pali chilala, chifukwa apo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi misa mpweya kotentha.

kotentha

Maonekedwe a malo achilengedwe mu Africa kuphatikizapo kufotokoza lamba otentha. Kuti izi ife tsopano chitani. Monga dziwani kuti lamba akhoza kugawidwa m'zigawo ziwiri:

• Kumpoto kwa subequatorial.
• South Africa.

Chinthu chapadera - nyengo youma, otsika mpweya. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe m'zipululu ndi savannah. mphepo youma chimapambana pano chifukwa mtunda ku nyanja, kuposa ife kupita mwakuya ku Africa, ndi motentha ndi drier mpweya nthaka.

M'chipululu waukulu kwambiri M'madera a zitunda otentha - izo ndi Sahara. Popeza mpweya lili mbewu ka mchenga, ndipo masana kutentha limatuluka pamwamba madigiri makumi anai, munthu pano kukhala kovuta. Makamaka usiku kutentha akhoza kusiya ndi madigiri osachepera makumi awiri, kapena apite kanjedza negative.

mayiko

Nyengo mu gawo ili la muzinthu zosiyanasiyana, dzinja lili otentha, yozizira mpweya. Koma mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa, wolamuliridwa ndi chinyezi subtropical nyengo, kumalimbikitsa yunifolomu kufalitsidwa kwa mpweya. M'pofunika kuona kuti mayiko ndi analigaŵa m'zigawo ziwiri:

• kum'mwera;
• kumpoto.

Chifukwa pali kusintha kwa nyengo? Chilimwe chimakhala chogwidwa ndi misa mpweya ku kotentha ouziridwa, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - ndi M'madera a zitunda zolimbitsa. Mayiko ndi osiyana mu nkhalango uko zili yobiriwira. gawo ili ennobled ndi anthu ulimi, kotero mawonekedwe choyambirira M'madera a zitunda izi kuli kovuta kuwona.