Germany - dziko waukulu mu Europe Western: Akale ndi Ano

Modern Germany ndi chitsanzo cha kugwira ntchito yangwiro ya boma neoliberal ndi anayamba capitalist chuma, zomwe ukutchulidwa kwambiri pa ulimi ndi mowa dongosolo lonse. Wamphamvu chuma cha dziko amadalira mafakitale zina zamakono, kukula kwa ntchito ndi njira zamakono zapamwamba kwambiri zambiri, zomwe zili ndi makampani osati malonda komanso mabungwe ndi magulu chikhalidwe zofunika.

Moyo mu Germany: momwe ntchito

Monga mmodzi wa mayiko ambiri anayamba mu Europe, Germany amatsogolera chopeza ndi tsoka bwino padziko lonse. Pafupifupi munthu aliyense amene ndi katswiri mmunda uliwonse akhoza kupeza ntchito matalente mu dziko.

Pafupifupi m'magulu onse a makampani German amafuna akatswiri msinkhu kwambiri mkulu wa yamtunduwu, Lomwe lingathe kukopedwa pa yunivesite miyambo German. Ambiri mayunivesite izi zatenga kutsogolo-othamanga mu masanjidwe mayiko a sukulu.

Kutsatira mfundo ndi anthu momasuka ndi kulandiridwa, akuluakulu a German anapereka zofunika okhulupirika kwambiri kwa ophunzira ochokera mayiko akunja pofuna kuphunzira pa sukulu German mkulu. Komabe, chofunikira chachikulu kupeza maphunziro, wapereka, ndipo, ndithudi, ntchito wotsatira akhalabe malo a Chijeremani pa mlingo mkulu.

alendo German

Angela Merkel adzapita pansi mu mbiri monga mmodzi mwa mphatso German Chancellor. Pofuna kutsindika ubwino wapadera, dziko la Germany analowa "kantslerka" feminitiv mu zolowa, lomwe kale kunalibe mu Chijeremani. Koma poyamba, Angela Merkel sizidzakumbukiridwa kwa ulaliki wake uweme kwa Maganizo a mavuto zothandiza anthu zimene anayamba ku Ulaya kuyambira 2014 ndipo anayambitsa zikuoneka undulating kuchuluka othawa ku chikumenyana Middle East ndi maiko North Africa. Ngakhale kuti kusakhutira kukula, ndi Chancellor amalamula mwa nzika mfundo yakuti Germany ayenera kulandira anthu amene alidi akufunika zothandizira mipingo yawo kuwapatsa osachepera yofunika kwambiri: pogona, chithandizo cha umoyo, komanso zofunika katundu.

Likulu la Germany anatengera ambiri othawa kwawo ochokera m'mayiko akuvutika tsoka anthu, ndipo, ndithudi, sanathe koma bwanji malo okhala m'mizinda, chifukwa kuthamanga pa zomangamanga chikhalidwe chawonjezeka kambirimbiri. Komabe, boma la Berlin ndi kulabadira kwambiri chitukuko cha zomangamanga m'tauni, kotero zofunika m'nthawi yovuta. Choncho, Germany - ndi kunyumba kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri thandizo.

Geography ndi Economy

Germany, malo amene kwa zaka kwambiri yabwino onse chonse chitukuko cha mafakitale zamanja ndi malonda, walowa gawo la yogwira kukula capitalist ndi mochedwa. Mayiko monga United States, United Kingdom ndi Spain, kale zafika pamlingo m'malo okwezeka vuto la zachuma ndi mafakitale mu m'ma XlX, koma Germany anali akadali zigawenga kwambiri mgwirizano wa maukulu anthuwo, duchies ndi maufumu.

Choncho, zandale, mikangano pakati pa magulu osiyana chidwi ndi nyumba otchuka chigamulo osaloledwa mu nthawi yochepa kuti achite chitukuko mofulumira.

Zinthu zinasintha ndi kubera Chancellor Bismarck, amene anakwanitsa ndi zosaneneka - ndi ogwirizana osati mtundu German, komanso pokhala munthu mafakitale mwachilungamo mofulumira ndi wamakono. Odzidalira, Germany anayambitsa nkhondo ukasintha anasintha mbiri ya anthu. Ku First World Germany kumanzereku unawonongekeratu, anagonjetsa ndipo pafupifupi zokhadzulakhadzula. Moyo mu Germany atagonjetsedwa zoopsa za wobwezeretsedwa kwa nthawi yaitali, koma itatha nkhondo lotsatira, kenako chinadzetsa zotsatira manyazi kwambiri kwa mtundu wonse.

Pakachitika tsoka,

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, mfundo Germany anali umalimbana vuto la zachuma ndi chikhalidwe, komanso coexistence mwamtendere ndi anansi ake. Pang'onopang'ono koma relentlessly boma German likukonza zolakwa za akapolo anzawo akale, kulipira malipiro ndi kuzindikira chala poyera. Germany pambuyo nkhondoyo chionekedwe chomvetsa chisoni kwambiri: mizinda lawonongeka anawononga makampani ndi kupatukana mu limati awiri.

Kudulidwa koyamba m'zigawo zochita za ufumu anagonjetsa zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha limati awiri - East Germany ndi West Germany. Kukamba za kuti nthawi ya malamulo a Germany anali ogwirizana, kungakhale kulakwa.

German boma analengedwa ndi nawo US ndi Britain, ankatchedwa Republic of Germany Federal ndi wapanikizidwa noticeable kwa anzake Democratic. boma East German ankatchedwa German Democratic Republic. Pa nthawi yomweyo, m'mayiko awiriwa ankati Berlin, amenenso unagawidwa pawiri - kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. moyandikana sangathe kulenga nkhawa kwambiri chifukwa chakuti anthu a East Germany ndi mwachangu kuyesera kuti abuluke boma lake amaona zonse authoritarian m'dera la udindo wa democracies.

Kwa nthawi yochepa nzika akuthawa vuto anali pafupifupi linatha pamene anamanga Wall Berlin kuti anagawa mzinda mpaka 1990. Komabe, sunalinso ukulamulira ndege ya anthu kumadzulo malire yaitali limati oyandikana negate zotsatira za dongosolo lino.

Germany: ndi GDR ndi FRG

limati ziwiri posonyeza chitsanzo cha vuto la zachuma ndi chikhalidwe, zomwe kwenikweni silikuphatikiza wa ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi kumalire pakati pa Germanys awiri tima kwambiri chikhalidwe kuwombola, nzika kukumbukira kuti si kale litali ndimakhalira mu dziko lina.

Wotsatira vuto la zachuma a m'mayiko oyandikana chifukwa chakuti German gawo mafakitale afalitsidwa wogawana kudutsa dera la Länder onse German.

Pamene Wall Berlin inamangidwa, dziko lalikulu kachiwiri wagawanika ndipo anafooka kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, pambuyo kugwa kwa Warsaw ke anafika nthawi pang'ono mosavuta pa moyo wa mitundu European, chifukwa kugwirizanitsa awiri zitsanzo losiyana kwambiri - zovuta. Zingamvekere kusiyana kwambiri mlingo wa moyo: East Germany ankakhala kwambiri osauka kuposa nzika anzawo West la Germany ndi Komanso anazolowera mfundo zina za mtchalitchi ndi milingo ina ya udindo miyoyo yawo.

Ngakhale chiwonongeko cha zotchinga pakati pa maiko awiri chinali chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano mu moyo wa anthu German, aliyense anamvetsa kuti kuyiwala za m'mbuyomu n'zosatheka. Khoma, ndithudi, si inawonongedwa, pokhalabe malo ake osiyana kalekale m'mibadwo yanu monga chikumbutso cha zotsatira za belligerence kwambiri. Anapeza apa ndi apo mu zidutswa Berlin Wall amakonda alendo, musaiwale Chithunzi Lumikizanani ndi mbiri.

Patatha zaka makumi awiri, mu May 2010, chikumbutso zovuta chinamasulidwa mu Berlin, lotchedwa "Memory Tsamba". Chotero dzina chikondi Wobisa mbiri ya ngozi zambiri zomvetsa chisoni. kulekana mzere mwankhanza kudula nsalu moyo wa mzinda, kunyalanyaza zofuna za anthu, ndi m'madera malire anali pansi pa mawindo a nyumba, anapha anthu ambiri a GDR, kudumpha kuchokera kwa mazenera m'chiyembekezo kupeza yekha m'paradaiso capitalist.

Modern Germany: ntundu

Kuphunzira zikuchokera anthu dziko ndi ndawala yapadera Statistical Office, amene investigates chiwerengero cha dziko. Malinga ndi ofesi ya zowerengera, pambuyo kugwirizana kwa anthu dziko anafika anthu mamiliyoni makumi asanu ndi atatu. Limeneli limaika Germany nambala yake pa malo chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi mu dziko. The zikuchokera kwa anthu German ndi osiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana.

Chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti kwa zaka zambiri ntundu German ndi chuma yodziwika ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono koma modekha. Ngakhale pa nthawi yamavuto, anthu unakula ndi chuma konse lawola moti kuti munthu akhoza kulankhula kwa mavuto kwambiri.

The katundu wa bungwe ndi zowerengera amapereka mudziwe zambiri osati za anthu a Republic Federal, komanso kapangidwe kake dziko ndi chipembedzo. Kukhala zimenezi zimathandiza inu mwakonzekera ndalama chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, ndizodziwika kuti anthu amene amati si chipembedzo chirichonse, ndi ana ochepa kuposa anzawo achipembedzo. Pa nthawi yomweyo akazi ophunzira amasankha kuti ana pasanafike akazi ndi maphunziro m'munsi kapena kupewa kubereka ana.

Komabe ndikofunikira kuti kufotokozera kuti khola, ngakhale ang'ono, kuchuluka woyamba wa zonse zochokera chakuti Germany, malinga ndi lipoti la UN, ndi dziko lachiwiri ku dziko mu mawu a osamukawo atsopano. Mu malo oyamba, ndithudi, ndi United States. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti lofunika kwambiri mu chiwerengero ayambe kunja kwa Palestina ikuyimiridwa ochokera Turkey ndi ana awo. Ambiri ochokera Turkey atafika ku dziko pa Boom zomangamanga, amene anadza pa kumanganso pambuyo nkhondo. Komabe, osati antchito abwere lero kuti Germany, komanso othawa kwawo, zomwe malamulo German amatitsimikizira m'mene angatetezedwe ndale. Iwo Komabe, ndemangayi chaka.

Kapangidwe feduro: momwe ntchito

Mmodzi wa mmene ambiri federations mu dziko Germany. Mbiri ya State zikusonyeza kuti chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya m'madera munthu ali wofunika kwambiri kumanga dongosolo khola ndi demokalase ndale. Aliyense dziko ziri ndi mbali yaikulu mu ndondomeko ya dziko kupyolera chisankho mu yamalamulo ndi mutsogoleli wadziko chisankho dziko.

Pa nthawi yomweyo moyo wa nzika m'dera kudzera Konzekeretsani chisankho oyang'anira tauni ndi boma yamalamulo, zikugwira kusokonekera kwa ndalama pamodzi mawonekedwe a misonkho.

Administrative Germany lagawidwa limati sikisitini, omwe ali yamalamulo yake ndi boma. Ndi boma kwambiri ambiri a North Rhine-Westphalia ndi anthu mamiliyoni khumi, akuti ndi laling'ono Free ndi Hanseatic City a Bremen - m'dziko, wopangidwa mwa mizinda iwiri: kwenikweni Bremen ndi Bremerhaven.

Choona chidwi n'chakuti Bremen - dziko pokha pali pa motorways malire liwiro: ziyenera musalumphe wamtunda wokwana milingo zana limodzi ndi makumi atatu pa ora. Ndi zinthu izi m'chaching'ono, ndi kuwonetsera mzimu weniweni federalism ndi demokalase, chifukwa nzika malamulo zawo molondola kwambiri amasonyeza njira yapafupi ya moyo.

Choncho, zimaonekeratu kuti Germany - ndi anayamba demokalase dziko ndi mwambo olemera ndi boma.

Mu North Rhine-Westphalia, udindo wapadera wa dera ndi wotetezedwa ngati Constitution Federal ndi malamulo a dziko palokha. Ku United Germany Rhine North akulowa udindo wa boma, kuwalola kuti yamalamulo chake ndi thupi wamkulu.

Berlin - European Capital Youth

Ngakhale kuti zambiri kutchuka pakati woyendayenda wachinyamata tatenga likulu monga Budapest ndi Prague, Berlin akadali mtsogoleri mu kusanja mizinda kwambiri zazikulu ndiponso chikhalidwe cha European Union. ulemerero uyu ali ndi maziko olimba, chifukwa likulu la Germany ndi mwalamulo kunyumba kwa ojambula zithunzi oposa mamiliyoni asanu m'kaundula.

chiwerengero wotero antchito luso chifukwa chakuti Berlin bwino kwambiri anayamba dongosolo la maphunziro luso, onse a boma ndi ena, komanso mwamwayi. Kwa ojambula zithunzi apa amapereka ambiri residencies luso, zokambirana ndipo, ndithudi, tambirimbiri, amene ali wokonzeka kupereka nsanja ojambula zithunzi achinyamata ndi luso. tambirimbiri woteroyo likulu la zoposa zinayi, koma zoona zake zambiri, chifukwa pali ambiri mwamwayi malo chionetsero.

zana Komanso tambirimbiri ndipo zakale makumi ndi zopereka padziko lonse lapansi wotchuka ndi kotchuka Berlin kuvina awo chikhalidwe, imene ikuimiridwa ndi zibonga zosiyanasiyana zonse woyendayendawu maphwando.

zizindikiro State

Monga ndanenera pamwamba, Germany - masiku demokalase boma boma. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale chikhalidwe kupata ndi kusinthasintha, iye ali wolemera ndi yaitali lachifumu mbiri, zimapangitsa anthu German kuvutika kwambiri.

Choncho, masiku yapachiweniweni mbendera ya Germany kunayamba Republic Choyamba mbendera ya Republic Weimar, omwe analipo kuchokera mu 1919 mpaka 1933. Zotsatirazi ovomerezeka ku Germany mu ulamuliro wa Nazi mbendera izo linathetsedwa, koma kumene anatengera mu 1949. Flag ndi odula manja a Germany, zomwe n'zovuta Musaone tanthauzo, ndi yofunika zikuluzikulu Pawokha dziko ndi kuonetsa mgwirizano wa fuko.

Modern mbendera Federal Republic akuimira tristimulus ukonde mbiri zofunika kwa Germany mitundu - wakuda, ofiira ndi golide (kunsi). mitundu izi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi m'ma Germany, kayendedwe zionetsero motsutsa ndiwofatsa kuti European anakhazikitsa akadzagonjetsedwa Napoleon.

Ngakhale ambiri mbendera yapachiweniweni ndi losavuta galu ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa pa boma mbendera aikidwa Republic odula.

Pa chovala manja Germany ntchito ambiri heraldic chizindikiro - mphungu. Mphungu mapiko kuwuluridwa, koma zikuuluka akutsika vertically downwards. Lilime, zikhadabu yoteroyo ndi mphungu mulomo anapanga wofiira.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri dziko zinachitika mu magawo awiri: woyamba, mu 1950, anaganiza kokha kufotokoza chovala manja. Patapita zaka ziwiri ndipo wovomerezeka monga kuwonetsera ndi mawonekedwe, mwachitsanzo. F zojambula kuphedwa malinga ndi mafotokozedwe kale analandira. Popeza Germany - ndi mabwalo a boma, kuti aliyense phunziro ali malaya yake ya m'manja, komanso midzi nawo malaya awo mbiri ya manja ndi mbendera, pali zaka zambiri.

mfundo yachilendo

Germany mu Masiku ano wapatsidwa malo apadera kwambiri pa dziko m'bwalomo ndale. Mogwirizana anthu, mlingo wa chitukuko zachuma ndi kuthekera asilikali, chinthu chofunika kwambiri dziko simungakhoze kuchita popanda chisamaliro cha German Utumiki okhonda.

Germany ndi membala wa ambiri akutsogolera mabungwe mayiko, mabungwe ndi nthambi. Akatswiri mayiko amanena kuti, mu njira dziko ake amatsatira mfundo za mtendere ndi umunthu, kukumbukira tsoka lalikulu la XX atumwi, kubwerezabwereza zimene anthu ngakhalenso kapena boma sakufuna.
Komabe, sikuti kuteteza dziko kutenga mbali mu ntchito ya NATO - usilikali ndale mgwirizano - ndi kupereka gawo lake chifukwa US raskvartirovki asilikali. Powonjezera, Germany wakhala membala zonse wa kalabu ya mphamvu za nyukiliya, kulola kuti kutenga nthawi zonse nawo Bungwe la UN Security, amene nawonso, amapereka ubwino choperekera lobbying zinthu mu chuma cha kampani German.

mundondomeko mtendere

Ngakhale Germany ndi mmodzi wa makamu wamphamvu kwambiri mu dziko, udindo izo ali makamaka chifukwa njira mtendere padziko lonse za thandizo zothandiza anthu m'mayiko mu otchedwa World Chachitatu. Germany, amene madera kuvumbitsira m'malire a zikhalidwe zambiri kuchititsa othawa ku madera chikumenyana ndi amapereka ndi yambiri thandizo akuwonjezerekabe amene adaganiza kuti achoke kunyumba dziko lawo. Pa moyo wamkati ndale ndi inalili Zipani zosawononga chilengedwe zochokera, ndipo uyu ndi zotsatira kwambiri, makamaka ndi cholinga mayiko a dziko. Chifukwa ichi, Germany ndi othandiza yogwira njira zachilengedwe kulimbana kusintha lonse nyengo ndi zotsatirapo za kuwononga mafakitale.

Zolemeletsedwa zachilengedwe malamulo a dziko limalola pazipita kuchepetsa zotsatira zoipa ambiri mwa makampani mafakitale, zomwe imvera ziyang'aniridwe ndi akuluakulu a boma ndi omwe si phindu mabungwe zachilengedwe. Germany ndi mmodzi wa atsogoleri m'munda wa mkulu zamakono mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, amene padera kwambiri payekha ndi bajeti ndalama. Chofunikanso ndi chakuti bwino magulu sayansi mogwirizana dziko ndi mabungwe mayiko ntchito kukhala umisiri zambiri zotsogola kupanga mphamvu.

Mbali yofunika kwambiri

Kuti adzimvera, ayenera kuti chuma amphamvu, mwapang'onopang'ono sayansi, khalidwe othandizira angakwanitse sizikanakhala zotheka popanda bwino lizigwira boma, omwe adamangidwa mu Germany ndi nzika kwa zaka zambiri.

State ndi nzika kwambiri ntchito kulenga m'madera awo ndi moyo womasuka kwambiri ndi likulu la munthu ndi ofunika kwambiri m'dziko lonselo.

Boma German amadziwa kuti popanda kuganizira mozama zimene anthu sangakhale citukuko za chuma ndi chikhalidwe ndi mbali yofunika ya moyo wa munthu. Ndi maganizo amenewa kwa nzika amalola Germany kuti maudindo pamwamba mu masanjidwe mayiko khalidwe la moyo ndi vuto la zachuma.

Kukula ogwirizana a anthu ndi boma kunatheka chifukwa chakuti Germany - mwalamulo demokalase boma ndi milandu palokha ndipo boma, amene sanyalanyaza ndi zolinga za nzika.