Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau osati ntchito wopitiriza: zizindikiro Mwachitsanzo ziganizo ndi matebulo

Mu English, pali ena kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ena amene makhalidwe awo ndi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito mu Gulu nthawi yaitali.

Lingaliro la kasewenzetsedwe ka mau apeza malo amodzi

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau English akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: malo amodzi ndi zazikulu.

Mphamvu kumafuna thupi kanthu, ntchito, chitukuko ndi apaulendo. Iwo ntchito tenses onse, kuphatikizapo gulu la nthawi yaitali. Pali zinthu zingapo chidwi kuti kusiyanitsa iwo ku malo amodzi. The kanthu zowonetseredwa ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mphamvu akhoza bwino kuchita patatha ena nthawi ndi kulamulira Kutalika kwa ndondomekoyi. Mwachitsanzo, mawu monga athamangadi (athamangadi), kuwerenga (kuwerenga), kulankhula (kulankhula), kuphunzira (akuphunzitseni), kuvina (kuvina), ntchito (ntchito). Komanso, ntchito imeneyi angaonere. Mwachitsanzo, kudzatunga, kugwila pa kamera kapena kutenga chithunzi cha ndondomekoyi.

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau malo amodzi chiyani kufotokoza njira, ndi boma. Izi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amene si ntchito wopitiriza. Dzina kasewenzetsedwe ka mau stative anachokera ku boma mawu - chikhalidwe. Komanso pali mayina monga kasewenzetsedwe ka mau nonprogressive, si kanthu. Iwo ntchito kufotokoza zinthu wogwila.

Features kasewenzetsedwe ka mau malo amodzi

Koyamba zingaoneke kuti zimandivuta kukumbukira The mndandanda m'munsimu mawu zifukwa yachilendo. Komabe, nkofunika kwambiri kumvetsa mfundo. Pali zinthu zingapo zimene zimathandiza kuona ndi:

• kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awa sizisonyeza kanthu thupi kapena ndondomeko;
• ena a iwo zimafalitsa limati wochitika paokha, kaya zolinga munthu (fungo - kununkhiza, kumva - kumva);
• gawo mawu zikutanthauza mphezi kanthu kuti zisadzachitike kwa nthawi yaitali (zindikirani - cholemba).

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau osati ntchito wopitiriza (Stative kasewenzetsedwe ka mau)

Pakuti mosavuta kuloweza Stative kasewenzetsedwe ka mau anawagawa subgroups thematic.

1. Ntchito maganizo ndi chikhalidwe cha chikumbumtima:

• kugwirizana / kusagwirizana - kukhala okonzeka / safuna;
• ndikukhulupirira - kukhulupirira, kuwerenga, kukhulupirira;
• kukana - kukana;
• kukayika - kukayika;
• kuyembekezera - kuyembekezera;
• kuiwala - kuiwala;
• mukudziwa - kukhala lingaliro, kudziwa, kudziwa;
• zikutanthauza - kukumbukira;
• malingaliro - kukhala zoipa Zionetsero;
• kuzindikira - kudziwa;
• kuzindikira - aphunzire;
• kumvetsa - kumvetsa, kutanthauzira, kumvetsa.

2. kasewenzetsedwe ka mau osati ntchito wopitiriza, ntchito ponena za boma maganizo ndi maganizo:

• amasirira - ndinayamikira, kutama;
• tikuyamikira - kuonanso, kuzindikira;
• tisangalatse - kuti tisangalatse;
• ulemu - ulemu;
• chikondi - kukonda, chikondi;
• kudana - kudana sakonda;
• ngati - asaoneke;
• kaduka - nsanje;
• kukhulupirira - kukhulupirirana.

3. Chilakolako zokonda:

• chilakolako - chilakolako;
• muyenera - kufunika;
• amakonda - kupereka mmalo;
• mukufuna - kusowa;
• Zokhumba - cholinga, tikukhumba kuti tifotokoze pempho.

4. Mau amene akuimira maganizo oganiza (kasewenzetsedwe ka mau osati ntchito wopitiriza).

Nthawi zambiri ntchito ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau modal mukhoza, kuti akunena za kuzindikira pa nthawi ya nkhani:

• kumva - kumva;
• onani - kuyang'ana, onani;
• fungo - exude ndi fungo fungo;
• kulawa - kukoma.

5. Mamembala a mtima:

• a - atagwirizana, kukhala zake za wina, amanena (gulu lililonse) kukhala zogwirizana;
• nkhawa - nkhawa, nkhawa, nkhawa, chidwi, kuthana;
• zigwirizana - zigwirizana muli;
• muli - muli, gwirani;
• zimadalira (pa) - yozungulira (by wina kapena chinachake), kudalira (munthu), kuwerenga;
• amasiyana - atsutsa amatsutsa;
• wolingana - ofanana, kukhala ngati, kuti apange kufanizira;
• woyenera - zoyenera, pamodzi, kulingana;
• ndi - nacho;
• monga - monga chivundikiro;
• kumaphatikizapo - kumafuna;
• kusowa - kusowa;
• nkhani - kupanga kusiyana, kukhala wofunika;
• ngongole - ayenera kukhala ntchito;
• omwe - adzalandira;
• adzalandira - wawo adzalandira;
• amafanana - kukhala ngati, ngati.

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau wosanganiza mtundu

Pali gulu lina la kasewenzetsedwe ka mau akadali ntchito m'gulu la nthawi yaitali. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo iwo kukhala ochepa mithunzi osiyana tanthauzo. Izi mawu polysemous kuti kubisala okha kuposa mtengo wina.

Ena kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, si ntchito mu wopitiriza, iwo nthawi zina ntchito mu mawonekedwe a nthawi yaitali kusonyeza lokoma, kusonyeza chidwi kapena chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa:

Ine ndikonda mzinda uwu! - ndimakukondani mzinda uwu!

Iye amadana kuti buku. - Iye amadana kuti buku.

Mneni kukhala ndi kuti

Kuti nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'Chichewa a nthawi yaitali ngati pamene m'pofunika kuganizira makhalidwe a munthu kapena boma kumene iye amakhala pa mphindi.

Khalani mneni Zakale wopitiriza popangidwa ndi Yonseyi anali, analipo participle ndi mapeto ingovym (pokhala).

Mneni ndi mu Ano wopitiriza ntchito kokha zina. Mu English, pali ena amaika mawu kupanga coherent lonse.

Paudindo ndi mneni wothandiza mu nkhani iyi ndi mawu akuti "kukhala". Chifukwa sayenera amalakwitsa ntchito ali mneni mu wopitiriza. Pankhaniyi mawonekedwe a gulu lina aumbike mwa mitundu mneni wothandiza ndi zamalankhulidwe verebu mathero -ing (pano participle).

Zitsanzo za ntchito ya mtundu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kasewenzetsedwe ka mau

nkhani iliyonse ongolankhula ndi zosavuta kuphunzira ngati kusonyeza malamulo yodziwika zitsanzo. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau osati ntchito wopitiriza, ndithu chabe anakumbukira mwa kumvetsa mfundo ndi kupatukana mu subgroups waphindu. Ndipo ena mwa mavuto kugwirizana ndi polysemous (ie Mipikisano ofunika) akhoza wothira kuloweza kasewenzetsedwe ka mau.

Njira ina yabwino kwambiri kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano pa galamala - kuganiza mpaka zitsanzo zochepa kwa mutu womwe ndi kuyamba monga iwo m'mawu ake, ntchito dialogues, komanso kulemba nkhani.