Kodi dziko lapansi: mkati ndi kunja kapangidwe

Kodi zikhoza kukhala mkati mwa nyumba lathuli ndi inu? Mwachidule, kodi m'dziko, zimene akuphatikizapo mkati? mafunso awa asayansi yaitali nkhawa. Koma kunapezeka kulongosola nkhani imeneyi si yapafupi. Ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi luso kudula-m'mphepete munthu akhoza kupita mkati mwakuya yekha ndi mtunda wofanana makilomita khumi ndi zisanu ndi izi, ndithudi, si kokwanira kumvetsa zonse ndi kutsimikizira. Choncho, ngakhale masiku awa pofufuza "zomwe zili padziko lapansi" ali makamaka ntchito deta mozungulira ndi maganizo, malingaliro. Koma mu nthawi yomweyo, asayansi kale yapindula ena.

Kodi kuphunzira dziko

Ngakhale pa nthawi mamembala wakale munthu wa umunthu kufuna kudziwa: zimene zili padziko lapansi. Anthu akhala akuphunzira ndi zigawo miyala poyera muuthunthu zigwiritsidwe kuonera. Awa Choyamba, ovuta, phiri otsetsereka, phompho gombe la nyanja ndi mitsinje. Pakuti magawo zachilengedwe zinthu zambiri tingathe kumvetsa, chifukwa iwo wapangidwa miyala kuti anali kuno zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo. Masiku ano, asayansi ena malo okhalapo zitsime mokhomerera. Awa, kwabasi - 15 Km pa za Kola Peninsula. Komanso, kuphunzira ndi ntchito m'migodi zimatha kuyambitsa kwa migodi: malasha ndi miyala, mwachitsanzo. Iwo yotsatira kuchokera zitsanzo thanthwe ndingawauze anthu za zimene zili padziko lapansi.

umboni umboni

Koma ichi - kodi nkhawa anakumana ndi chidziwitso zithunzi kapangidwe ka dziko. Koma ndi kuthandizidwa ndi sayansi ya seismology (kuphunzira zivomezi) ndi geophysics ofufuza kudutsa mu kuya sanali kukhudzana, kupenda mafunde zivomerezi ndi kafalitsidwe awo. deta awa amatiuza za katundu wa zinthu amakhala pansi pa nthaka. Maphunziro a dongosolo la dziko ndi mothandizidwa ndi makina yokumba, kukhala mu kanjira.

Kodi Dziko Lapansi

Kapangidwe mkati mwa lathuli si yunifolomu. Masiku ano, asayansi ndi ofufuza anapeza kuti mu lonse ndi zigawo zingapo. Pakati ndi ngale. Kenako - chovala, zomwe ndi waukulu ndipo watsala zisanu sixths chonsecho misa ya Earth. Makungwa akunja ukufanizidwa ndi wosanjikiza woonda kuphimba dera. zigawo zitatu izi, nayenso, ndi si homogeneous kwambiri ndipo ndi mbali structural.

pachimake

Chomwe izo ziri mu pachimake dziko lapansi? Asayansi atapereka Mabaibulo angapo kapangidwe ndi chiyambi cha mbali yaikulu ya dzikoli. Wotchuka kwambiri: pachimake ndi faifi tambala zitsulo Sungunulani. Phata lagawidwa magawo angapo: mkati - olimba kunja - madzi. Ndi kwambiri: oposa theka ya misa okwana dziko (kuyerekezera, buku la% 15 okha). Malinga ndi asayansi, inakhalapo pang'onopang'ono, m'kupita kwa nthawi, chitsulo ndi faifi tambala anamasulidwa silicates lapansi. Panopa (mu 2015), asayansi ku Oxford anapereka Baibulo malinga ndi zomwe pachimake tichipeza nyukiliya ureniamu. Izi, ndi njira, ndipo fotokozani mkulu kutentha umuna wa dzikoli, ndipo kuli maginito ilipodi lero. Mulimonsemo, mfundo zimene ndi maziko a Lapansi, akhoza zopezera hypothetically yekha, monga prototypes sayansi yamakono palibe.

chofunda

Chomwe izo ziri mu chovala cha Dziko Lapansili? Nthawi yomweyo ayenera kutchula kuti, monga zinachitikira phata la asayansi analibe mwayi konse kuchikwaniritsa. Choncho, kuphunzira ndi yofuna mothandizidwa mfundo ndi malingaliro. M'zaka zaposachedwapa Koma ofufuza ku Japan tikubooleza pansi pa nyanja, komwe adalandira kukhala "basi chinachake" 3000 Km. Koma zotsatira sanayambe adawomba. Ndipo amapanga zovala, malinga ndi asayansi, silicates - miyala, wolemera mu chitsulo ndi magnesium. Iwo ali mu chifaniziro chopangidwa ndi chitsulo boma madzi (kutentha ukufika madigiri 2500). Ndipo komabe gawo la pakhoma, oddly mokwanira, mulinso madzi. Pali ambiri a iwo (ngati kuwataya madzi onse padziko mkati, madzi a m'nyanja lonse adzauka ndi mamita 800).

kutumphuka

Pamafunika pang'ono okha kuposa peresenti ya dziko ndi buku, ndi pang'ono zochepa - by kulemera. Koma ngakhale kuwala ake kulemera, chokhuthala cha dziko lapansi ndi anthu n'kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa zili ndi moyo zonse padziko lapansi.

Madera a Dziko Lapansi

Amadziwika kuti zaka za padziko lathuli ndi biliyoni 4.5 zaka (asayansi apeza ndi thandizo deta radiometric). Mu kuphunzira Lapansi anaulula nembanemba angapo chibadidwe otchedwa geospheres. Iwo amasiyana mankhwala awo zikuchokera ndi thupi katundu. Hydrosphere zikuphatikizapo zinthu zonse zilipo pa madzi dziko limati zosiyanasiyana (madzi, olimba, gaseous). Lithosphere - mwala chipolopolo, mwamphamvu encircling dziko (50 200 Km wandiweyani). Biosphere - zonse moyo pa dziko, monga mabakiteriya ndi zomera, ndi anthu. Mpweya (kuchokera Greek "Atmos", kutanthauza mabanja) - mlengalenga chipolopolo dziko, popanda imene sizikanatheka kuti kuli moyo.

Chomwe izo ziri mu m'mlengalenga

The gawo lamkati la yofunikayi moyo chipolopolo pafupi ndi kutumphuka padziko lapansi ndipo chinthu gaseous. A yachilendo - m'mphepete mwa danga pafupi-Earth danga. Izo zimatengera nyengo pa dziko, ndi kapangidwe kake ndi si yunifolomu. Chomwe izo ziri mu m'mlengalenga? asayansi amakono molondola kudziwa zigawo zake. Asafe mu mawu kuchuluka - oposa 75%. Mpweya - 23%. Argon - pang'ono kuposa 1 peresenti. Zochepa: carbon dioxide, Neon, helium, methane, wa hydrogen, xenon, ndi zina zinthu zina. Okhutira madzi zikuchokera mlengalenga ranges kuchokera 0.2% kuti 2.5% malinga zone nyengo. mpweya woipa zili ndi inconstant. Makhalidwe ena a m'mlengalenga ano ali mwachindunji amadalira ntchito mafakitale.