Kodi kutentha zosagwira mbewu ya tomato mu greenhouses, pansi lotseguka, pa khonde, pansi pa nkhani pachikuto mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi?

chikhalidwe otchuka kwambiri kulima eni zing'onozing'ono yotentha ndi tomato. Mkulu zokolola zothandiza masamba olimbikira wamaluwa kutenga pafupifupi zone aliyense nyengo. Funso loyamba oyamba tomatovodov - ndi mulingo woyenera ndi kololeka kutentha. funso, kodi kutentha zosagwira mbewu ya tomato, zikumveka mu yofanana osiyana, chifukwa m'pofunika kudziwa zinthu kutentha kwa kumera wa mbewu, Thirani, zipatso zipse mu zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Mayankho akufunika kusankha mulingo woyenera njira yabwino chotenga kukolola.

Adzabadwira ndi mbiri ya kuthetsa tomato

Kunyumba, mu kotentha wa South America, ndipo tsopano limakula mitundu yakuthengo ya tomato. Podziwa ichi, ife tikhoza bwino kuyankha funso, ndicho, kodi kupirira kuzizira kutentha phwetekere mbande. No. Frost mu mlengalenga, makamaka pa malo a mbewu alibe kuima ndi kufa. Ku Ulaya, zinagwera ndi dzanja kuwala kwa Columbus. Izi zili choncho pamene tikudziwa yeniyeni tsiku - mazana khumi ndi anayi ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi chaka chachitatu. Khalani zolinga zophikira anayamba basi pakati pa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi mu mayiko otchulidwa European. Ndi dzanja kuwala kwa Italy "zipatso zagolidi", wotchedwa pano zipatso za zomera anali "Pomo Doro" - kumasulira weniweni. Choncho Russian - "phwetekere". Yankho la funso, kodi kupirira mbande kutentha dontho phwetekere mu Russia anayamba azitengapo kuyang'ana mu ulamuliro wa Catherine II, gulu kutsogoleredwa ndi breeder EA Grachev ndi woyambitsa wa Russian agronomy A. Bolotov. Ndi dzanja lawo kuwala yowutsa mudyo masamba anaonekera pa magome a anthu onse pa dziko.

mafotokozedwe botanical

Tomato - ndi herbaceous zomera nightshade lapansi. Kunyumba kungakhale yaitali. M'mayiko ndi posurovee nyengo - pachaka. dongosolo muzu - ndodo ndi zambiri nthambi mbali, ndi yokutidwa ndi zambiri tsitsi. The panja mkangano nthaka m'madera kum'mwera, mizu kufika mita m'litali. The greenhouses amakonzedwa kuti masentimita makumi atatu. Mizu mosavuta unakhazikitsidwa pa mbali iliyonse ya tsinde la. Sami zimayambira ali chilili kapena amafuna garter, ndi chikhalidwe cha kukula: mowirikiza nthambi - indeterminate ndi M'malo mwake, determinant. Masamba mawonekedwe wabwinobwino, koma kusintha mtundu wawo mchikakamizo cha zinthu kunja ndi udindo mbewu. Maluwa a amuna ndi akazi pamodzi inflorescence "zipatso limodzi." Zipatso - minofu ndi yowutsa mudyo zipatso, zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wa zipatso kucha - kuchokera wagolidi zofiirira ndi zofiirira, malinga zosiyanasiyana. Tomato - kudziona mungu zomera. Umayamba pachimake kuzungulira masiku makumi asanu pambuyo kumera wa mbewu ndi zipatso ngakhale patapita masiku makumi asanu zipse. Nthawi imeneyi, aliyense masinthidwe kunja, makamaka kusinthasintha kutentha ukhoza kukhala wowopsa ku mbewu. Ndipo ndiye kuti kofunika kudziwa zimene otsika kutentha mbande kugonjetsedwa tomato, ndi kusalola chomera kufika kutentha - pansipa madigiri asanu. Iwo adzafa ndi kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri makumi atatu.

Kusankha mitundu ya tomato

Mu nkhani ya kusankha mitundu mu magawo oyambirira, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo a wamaluwa akukumana zinakuchitikirani munthu ndi wamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Mulimonsemo, muyenera kugula mbewu za mitundu yambiri ya tomato. Ntchito pa kumera awo mbande mpaka nthawi yokolola. Yophukira ntchito adzakusonyezani ziti phwetekere ankakhala kuti muzichita makamaka munda wanu. Posankha mbewu kwa greenhouses phwetekere lotseguka dera popanda funso loyamba ayenera kuvomerezedwa zotsatirazi: zomwe kutentha mbande kugonjetsedwa phwetekere anabzala mu nthaka lotseguka? Apa m'pofunika kupereka mmalo otsika-kukula mitundu hybrid ndi zabwino kugonjetsedwa ndi kusintha kutentha kwa dongosolo mizu. Osati amaopa zimene osachepera kutentha zosagwira mbewu ya tomato, kutenga mu utumiki chikhalidwe zotsatirazi. Best kusankha mitundu kucha, oyambirira ndi Yapakatikati oyambirira. Zomera m'magulu awa, motero, akudutsa kwa makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi masiku khumi. Mwachitsanzo determinant mitundu: Dubok, zokoma ndi mkulu-ololera White kudzazidwa, oyambirira ndi yunifolomu kukula Agatha zipatso, kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha ndi chipwirikiti ndi wapadera phwetekere kukoma Sanka, pinki wokoma Demidov, abwino kwa asayambe madona zala. Funso zimene kutentha zosagwira mbande ya phwetekere mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi, ngati inamangidwa pa gawo lako, n'kofunika kwambiri pa nkhani ya zosiyanasiyana kusankha kwa kutentha lapansi. Apa n'zotheka kupereka mmalo hybrids indeterminalnym. Tsinde chachikulu cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtengo phwetekere akhoza kukula kuposa chaka. kalasi kutalika nyamayi 1 Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi anayi mamita, ndi korona chimakwirira kudera la mamita lalikulu makumi asanu. Zokolola kwa chaka ndi matani theka. Izi zosiyanasiyana zabwino greenhouses, yokutidwa osati chabe film, masiku mandala zipangizo pulasitiki alimi, anthu amalonda. Major ndi kalasi ndi oyenera lonse mafakitale. Ngakhale pamene alimi ozizira nyengo amene asankha mtundu umenewu, palibe nkhawa za nkhani zimene usiku kutentha mbande kugonjetsedwa phwetekere. Iwo ali kukana mkulu kusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha, ndi matenda waukulu tomato. Komanso, nthawi yaitali mayendedwe musawononge iwo ulaliki wake. Mu kukoma kutentha kwambiri ndi kusala-kukhwima zosiyanasiyana, ambiri amakhulupirira pinki Mikado. Chinawonjezeka shuga okhutira zimapangitsa zipatso zamkati wokoma ndi yowutsa mudyo. Ngati ndinu zimakupiza wa tomato ake wakula, malo kulima okha ku nyumba mzinda mkulu-nyamuka nyumba, ndiye ndi nthawi kupeza zomwe kutentha zosagwira mbande ya phwetekere pa khonde. Imeneyi ndi bwino kusankha mitundu ndi zipatso ang'ono ndi zitsamba otsika-kukula monga chitumbuwa, Red kugwa, Red Pearl. Iwo onse - mafani m'mawa kapena madzulo dzuwa ndi kupirira usiku m'mbuyo pang'ono digiri khumi.

Zimafunika kuunikira ndi kuthirira

Good kuyatsa zomera kuwala kukoma - chikhalidwe kutero. Pakuti mbande phwetekere kusowa kuwala ndi owopsa. Mbande kukhala bwino, mapesi ndi kukopedwa, ndipo zofooketsa. Akuluakulu tomato ndi kusowa kwa kuunika ndi pafupi pachimake, n'kuwasanganiza kugwa. Chomera kwasanduka nsonga wobiriwira. Makamaka kwambiri ndi kupanda tomato dzuwa mitundu kum'mwera ndi amene mwakula mu greenhouses ndi greenhouses. Chosowa kuwala - chifukwa cha makhalidwe osauka kukoma kwa tomato. Solanaceae wamkulu popanda dzuwa, angakhale oopsa. Mu greenhouses, palibe kuwala, zomera ndi zambiri kudwala kuposa anthu wamkulu kutchire. Pankhaniyi, kukumbukira kuti nthaka ndi greenhouses ankhanza osiyana ulimi wothirira.

Kucepetsa zomera kutentha kwa tsamba nkhungu, kuchepetsa kuthirira. M'madera lotseguka zomera ayenera madzi nthawi zonse, makamaka pa nthawi imene zipatso anapanga ndi okhwima. Nthaka pansi mizu sayenera youma ndi kuwasandutsa kutumphuka ndi. Kuthirira izo kawirikawiri taphunzira ndi tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwake. Kuthira madzi ayenera kukhala pa muzu, ayi akupeza masamba, zomera chiyani sadzalekerera izo. Madzi bwino pamaso ntchito kuteteza bwino masana. Sitiyenera ozizira - ndi funso za mtundu wa kutentha zosagwira mbande ya phwetekere kutchire. Chinyezi zofunika nthaka 70% kwa mpweya - 60%. Kuchuluka chinyezi komanso kusowa kutentha kumachepetsa zokolola.

Zofunika pansi ndi anansi

Pansi sizikhala kuyeza kuti kuunika ndi kutentha. Chabwino, ngati inu akhoza kudzitama vysokoplodorodnym wakuda nthaka m'munda kapena kutentha pa. Loyenereradi kuwala loamy ndi dothi mchenga wa acidity pafupifupi. Mu nthaka acidic kwambiri ayenera kupanga laimu. Tomato musati amalangiza chodzala zotsatizana kuposa zaka ziwiri pa malo omwewo. Bad popeza zokolola za tomato, ngati kwambiri zakudya m'dera mwakula tsabola, biringanya ndi zina zamasamba linachokera ku nthaka. akalambula wabwino ankaona anyezi, mbatata, kabichi, zukini, nkhaka, maungu ndi kaloti. masamba Solanaceous, mbatata ndi tsabola sali oyenera monga anansi mu makama, muzu secretions awo ziletsa kukula kwa tomato. Komanso, matenda ndi tizilombo toononga chimodzimodzi, kuwonjezera chiopsezo kuvulazidwa. Pafupi tomato bwino anabzala anyezi, katsitsumzukwa, parsley, calendula. anansi Awa ndi zopindulitsa ndiponso kuteteza motsutsana zisautso izi.

Konzani mbewu kwa mbande

Kukula mbande phwetekere kuphika mbewu. Gawo loyamba - cheke awo. mbewu Quality - zonse kunachitika, mu peresenti asanu saline njira iwo adzawonongedwa. Chirichonse akubwera - mbewu kanthu kapena owola. zitsanzo The munasambitsidwa bwino ndi madzi ozizira kuthamanga ndi kumizidwa kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu mu gawo limodzi njira ya permanganate potaziyamu. Pambuyo disinfection kachiwiri osambitsidwa ndi madzi ozizira ndi kale mu usiku wonse ankawaviika mu njira ya micronutrients wapadera. Ndi bwino kugula okonzeka zopangidwa dongosolo njira yothetsera. Ankawaviika mbewu kwa pipping inafikira pa nsalu yonyowa pokonza. Nthawi imeneyi, mwina mpaka sabata, nsalu inayenera kukhala lonyowa. Owonjezera chinyezi, komanso kuyanika, zoyipa pa kumera.

kukula mbande

Dothi kumera wa mbewu aswa bwino angakonzekerere pawokha. Ziyenera kukhala otayirira ndi zosavuta, mpweya wabwino ndi chinyezi permeable. Inu sizingasakanikirane wogawana kulimbikitsa kuwaika nthaka, mchenga, humus ndi peat. Nkofunika kuti nthaka ntchito kale sanakule zomera za banja Solanaceae. M'malo mchenga akhoza wothira utuchi phulusa T. E. Tengani zigawo kuti mukhoza kupeza. Pakuti kuthirira njira gawo lapansi mchere zakonzedwa ku za makumi awiri magalamu a superphosphate ndi magalamu khumi a madzi urea ndi ndowa ya. Chifukwa chodzala mbewu ntchito nthawi, bwino matabwa mabokosi, m'mene adayikamo awiri tweezers angapo masentimita popanda, mu lathyathyathya yaitali poyambira mu nthaka akuya okonzeka wa chimodzi ndi theka masentimita. Kuwaza pamwamba pa nthaka ndipo ataphimbidwa ndi kanema. Mabokosi anayikidwa mu malo otentha. Apa ndi zothandiza kufunsa za mtundu wa kutentha zosagwira mbewu phwetekere pansi zipangizo pogona. Border kutentha kumera - madigiri khumi; mofulumira ndondomeko, muyenera madigiri osachepera khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Komanso, mpaka masamba angapo, masana kutentha ayenera kukhala pakati madigiri twente-foro ndi twente, mitambo analola digiri sikisitini. Night - kuchokera madigiri khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi kuphatikiza chizindikiro, mwinamwake kukula mabasi. Pamene nyemba zimere, iwo kunditumiza ku malo linawala. Ngati palibe zachilengedwe, ntchito doosveschenie yokumba. Nkofunika kuwunika kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nthaka, ngati zonse zili bwino, tsiku filimu mphukira. Chipinda kumene kukonzekera mbande, muyenera kukhala kuiulutsa, koma asilikali sayenera. Pamene zikumera kuoneka pa masamba awiri oyamba, iwo pansi, kabwerebwere kwa wamaluwa - madzi mu pepala kakang'ono kapena makapu pulasitiki ndi mabowo pansi pa ngalande. Mbande amasankhidwa wathanzi, ndi mizu yolimba. Yotithandiza lateral kukula muzu taproot undercut. Madzi iwo mu nthaka okonzeka madzi ndipo anapitiriza konzekera digiri makumi awiri. Pamene masamba adzakhala oposa anayi, masiku khumi asanadzalemo mu nthaka mpaka kalekale, usana ndi usiku kutentha yafupika angapo madigiri. Inu mukhoza kuika miphika pa msewu, ndi kumachitika mikangano ndi greenhouses kuchotsa pamwamba pa zenera la kuumitsa zomera, malinga sipadzakhala frosts usiku. Ie. Nthawi zonse muyenera kukumbukira zimene kutentha osachepera kugonjetsedwa mbande za tomato, ndipo onetsetsani kuti iye sanali wotsika kuposa madigiri khumi. Pambuyo othetsa mbande kubzala wathanzi mutu, ndi unakhuthala pa tsinde, kukonza, yosalala tsinde. Pamene kukula, kupatula kuwala ndi kutentha, mbande amafuna kudya. Choyamba muyenera kuchita masiku khumi pambuyo Thirani miphika. Chabwino kukonzekera feteleza organic. Kuti izi kusungunuka slurry madzi mu chiwerengero cha wina ndi anayi kapena nkhuku manyowa mu chiwerengero cha munthu mpaka fifitini. Ichinso kuwonjezera magalamu makumi awiri a superphosphate ndi pang'ono phulusa. M'pofunika kusunga nthaŵi pakati Mavalidwe pafupifupi milungu iwiri.

nthawi seeding

Pa pamene mukufuna kulimbikitsa mbande za tomato pansi, kuti malo okhazikika mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena khonde, kusankha nthawi ya mbewu kubzala. Ndipo zimatengera pa nyengo m'dera ndi kalasi osankhidwa. Mbande kungokhala pamodzimodzi mitundu ochiritsira akhoza kukhala wamkulu mu makumi asanu - masiku makumi asanu ndi phwetekere zimphona mawu kuchuluka kwa masiku makumi asanu ndi anayi. Pa nthaka yotseguka m'ma M'madera a zitunda, mwachitsanzo, tulutsani mbande m'chilimwe oyambirira. Pakuti nthawi kutentha akhoza ankatembenukira kwa Kusintha kwa funso, kodi kutentha zosagwira mbewu phwetekere mu kutentha kwa. Muyenera kuganizira zimene mtundu, zimene chophimba - filimu kapena polycarbonate. Pakuti makonde mbande ayenera kuganizira komwe kusiya khonde mazenera lotseguka kapena Khoma, zimene kutchinjiriza inu ntchito. Ngati khonde ili kumbali kum'mwera chakum'mawa, ndipo amalimata zenera pulasitiki, masiku dontho-kuchokera ofanana ndi mfundo za kutentha, ndipo inu ndi leni yankho la funso loti, kodi kutentha zosagwira phwetekere mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha lapansi.

Zimafunika zinthu kutentha

Paja ankafika nthawi, choncho nthawi muyenera kukhala okonzeka kutentha. Ngati inu kuyitana chobisa kutentha filimu kapangidwe popanda magetsi, mbande mu izo ikhoza kusunthidwa yekha pakati pa May, kuthetseratu kuthekera usiku chisanu m'dera lanu. Ngati nyengo amalola, ndi wowonjezera kutentha popanda magetsi filimu aphimbidwa mu zigawo zingapo, ndipo ntchito pepala owonjezera chivundikirocho ndi kuthirira ndi madzi ofunda, n'zotheka kubzala mbewu mu masiku otsiriza a April. Mu greenhouses ndi film, kumene kuli Kutentha, mbande obzalidwa pa chakhumi kwa chakhumi ndi chisanu cha April. Kwathunthu losafuna funso, kodi kutentha mbande phwetekere kugonjetsedwa mu polycarbonate kutentha, chifukwa kawirikawiri kumanga kwa chaka chonse kulima ndiwo zamasamba.

Tsopano, za kukula kwa dziko motsogozedwa ndi kutentha kwa. Mbande mitundu nyenyezi yaing'ono obzalidwa pa mtunda wa masentimita makumi atatu popanda. Pakuti wamtali zofunika osachepera makumi masentimita malo. Mtunda pakati pa mizere ya luso kubzala, akhale kwa masentimita makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu. Kudzala zitsamba bwino movutikira - mizere iwiri, mzere katayanitsidwe, etc. Mu malo pafupifupi theka mamita awiri lalikulu akhoza kumakhalamo eyiti kwa khumi tomato chitsamba ... Pakuti greenhouses malonda Polycarbonate muyenera maekala kapena asanu dziko. Mu wowonjezera kutentha kulikonse muyenera kuyatsa - tsopano chubu kapena kuwalitsa dzuŵa kuwalitsa pamwamba. Amisiri ntchito ngakhale wamba banja zojambulazo pa plywood. Mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pa malo ayenera kukhala gwero la madzi, yopindulitsa kwambiri - bwino kapena osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa. Kukumbukira zimene kutentha mbande kugonjetsedwa phwetekere ndi madzi ndi madzi ozizira kuti izo sizingakhale, muyenera akasinja katundu, pamene madzi zikukhazikitsa ndipo konzekera mu dzuwa kapena ndi chipangizo wapadera. Ndipo ngati kulima tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa inu - osati wina pa nkhani zatsopano analephera, ndi bwino kusamalira zina kutentha lina kuposa dzuwa.

Eni Greenhouses musanadye kubzala zatsopano onetsetsani ziwalo zonse za mpanda ndi dongosolo denga kusamalira oyeretsa utsi ndi nthaka. Upper, pyatisantimetrovym wosanjikiza dothi mu greenhouses unasintha kukhala gawo lapansi latsopano, anakumba madzi ndi yankho la permanganate potaziyamu akamaliza kukolola mbewu. zonsezi onse kupewa pafupipafupi matenda masamba kutentha. Nthawi zambiri, nthunzi kutentha mabedi imene ngalande mtundu komwe poyamba kuyala manyowa otentha, pafupi makumi atatu ndi makumi atatu masentimita asanu, ndipo anakonza monga mmera wina, michere osakaniza mpaka fifitini masentimita pamwamba. Koma sitiyenera kuiwala kuvomerezedwa ndi wokhazikika mpweya wabwino greenhouses. Ntchito yomanga greenhouses pazikhalanso osati awatulutsira m'mbali, komanso pamwamba.

Tomato ku munda

Ngati cholinga chanu - osati phwetekere malonda ntchito, ndi kucha, okoma, yowutsa mudyo phwetekere chakudya m'munda wako kunyumba, ndipo kenaka ganizirani potsiriza funso, kodi kutentha mbande kugonjetsedwa phwetekere pansi lotseguka, ndi kuyamba. Sankhani malo munda pansi pa kama pomwe kwambiri kuwala, chotero, adzakhala ofunda. Chaka chatha, apa, ndi njira, komanso wamkulu nkhaka. M'dzinja inu mungatero, ngati mmene anali kuyembekezera, malo anakumba ndipo anapanga feteleza. Pambuyo yozizira ndi pamaso ankafika kamodzinso zonse bwino anamasuka ndipo anawonjezera asafe feteleza. Chakumapeto May, kutentha zonse. Masana digiri makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri ndi asanu. ofunda usiku, palibe kuphatikiza osachepera khumi. Iwo akhoza anabzala. Madzi pa chitsime naamwa mu mbiya yaikulu m'munda masana dzuwa umafunda kuposa madigiri makumi awiri. Pali chinachake kuti madzi. Ndipo palibe "kumenyana" nyengo yokolola, pamene ntchito ndi chilakolako zabwino ndi chikondi cha chikhalidwe - chabe bwino.