Kodi ndi ndani? Momwe mungakhalire munthu amene amalankhula zinenero ziwiri mwangwiro?

Masiku ano, anthu ambiri otchuka amatha kulankhulana ndi zinenero zakunja. Kulongosola kumakhala kosavuta: katswiri yemwe amalankhula mofananamo ndipo akulemba, mwachitsanzo, mu Chingerezi kapena Chiitaliya, adzapeza mwamsanga ntchito yotchuka ku kampani yapadziko lonse. Kuphatikiza apo, pali lingaliro lakuti kuphunzira kwa zinenero zingapo ali wamng'ono kumathandiza kuti chitukuko chitukuke cha zipangizo za mwana. Palinso zifukwa zina. Zotsatira zake, anthu ambiri akuyesera kulera ana awo awiri, kapena polemba mapulogalamu. Koma ndi ndani komanso momwe angalankhulire zinenero zingapo mu ungwiro?

Kodi ndi zizindikiro ziti?

Bilinguals ndi anthu omwe amayankhula zinenero ziwiri mofanana. Aliyense wa iwo amaonedwa kuti ndi mbadwa. Anthu oterewa amangolankhula ndi kuzindikira zilankhulo ziwiri pamlingo wofanana, komanso kuganizira pa iwo. Ndizodabwitsa kuti, malingana ndi chilengedwe kapena malo, munthu amasinthasintha kuyankhula chimodzi kapena chinanso (osati kokha pakulankhulana mawu, komanso m'maganizo), nthawizina ngakhale osadziwa.

Zizindikiro zazing'ono zingakhale otanthauzira kapena ana kuchokera kuukwati wosakanikirana, wosakondana kapena woleredwa kudziko lina.

M'nthawi yamasinthidwe, mabanja olemera anayesera kulandira ana awo a ku France kapena Germany. Motero, anthu ambiri olemekezeka kuyambira ali ana anaphunzira chinenero chachilendo, n'kukhala amodzi.

Zinenero ziwiri kapena ziwiri?

Tiyenera kukumbukira mwamsanga kuti pamodzi ndi mawu akuti "zilankhulo ziwiri" pali chithunzithunzi chake - "zilankhulo ziwiri". Ngakhale zili zofanana, tanthauzo lake ndi losiyana. Choncho, mabuku, zilembo zolemba mabuku, zinapangidwa panthawi yomweyo. Kawirikawiri izi ndizolemba zofanana.

Mitundu yambiri yobweretsera

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya zizindikiro - zoyera ndi zosakaniza.

Oyera - anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinenero padera: kuntchito - wina kunyumba - wina. Kapena, mwachitsanzo, amalankhula ndi anthu omwewo m'chinenero chimodzi, ndi ena pamzake. Kawirikawiri izi zimawoneka muzochitika ndi omasulira kapena anthu omwe asamukira kumalo osatha a kudziko lina.

Mtundu wachiwiri ndi wosakanikirana. Awa ndi anthu omwe amalankhula zinenero ziwiri, koma samadziwisiyanitsa pakati pawo. Pokambirana, iwo amapitiliza kusunthira kuchoka ku umodzi kupita ku wina, ndipo kusintha kungathe kuchitika ngakhale mu chiganizo chimodzi. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha zilankhulidwe ziwirizi ndi kusanganikirana kwa Russian ndi Chiyukireniya mukulankhula. Chomwe chimatchedwa surzhik. Ngati zilankhulo ziwiri sizipeza mau olondola mu Russian, m'malo mwake amagwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo cha Chiyukireniya, komanso mosiyana.

Kodi mungatani kuti mukhale ndi ubongo?

Pali njira zingapo zochitika zozizwitsa izi.

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu ndizokwatirana. Ana-zizindikiro za m'mabanja apadziko lonse sizodziwika. Kotero, ngati kholo limodzi liri lolankhula chinenero cha Chirasha, ndipo chachiwiri ndi Chingerezi, ndiye pakapita patsogolo kwake mwanayo amafanana mofanana. Chifukwa chake n'chosavuta: kulankhulana kumachitika ndi kholo lililonse m'chinenero chake. Pankhaniyi, lingaliro lachilankhulo mwa ana likukula mofanana.

Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi kusamuka kwa makolo a mtundu umodzi asanabadwe kapena atabadwa. Zizindikiro zodzikongoletsera ndi anthu omwe akulira m'mayiko omwe ali ndi zilankhulo ziwiri za boma, kapena m'mabanja a alendo. Pankhaniyi, chinenero chachiwiri chimaphunzitsidwa kusukulu kapena sukulu. Yoyamba imalimbikitsidwa ndi makolo mu maphunziro.

Chitsanzo chowonekera cha mayiko kumene ziwerengero zamabungwe a mtundu uwu zimapezeka nthawi zambiri ndi Canada, Ukraine ndi Belarus.

Palinso anthu omwe amadziwa bwino chinenero chachiwiri. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika ngati munthu atasamukira kudziko lina, amapanga banja ndi mlendo.

Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi wotembenuza aliyense pakuchita maphunziro ake amakhala amitundu iwiri. Popanda izi, kumasulira kwathunthu ndipamwamba sizingatheke, makamaka zofanana.

Kawirikawiri mukhoza kupeza zilankhulo ziwiri, Chingerezi chomwe chimachokera ndi Russian, German kapena, kunena, Chisipanishi.

Ubwino

Kodi ubwino wa chochitika ichi ndi chiyani? Inde, kupindula kwakukulu ndiko kudziwa zilankhulo ziwiri zomwe zidzawathandize kupeza ntchito yabwino kapena kupita patsogolo. Koma izi ndizothandiza chabe.

Monga momwe asayansi amavomerezera, ziwerengero za ziwerengero zamabungwe zimakhala zovuta kwa anthu ena ndi zikhalidwe za mayiko akunja. Iwo ali ndi kuwala kwakukulu. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti chinenero chilichonse ndi chithunzi cha moyo ndi miyambo ya anthu ena. Lili ndi malingaliro enieni, miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro zikuwonetseredwa. Kuphunzira kunja kwachilendo, mwanayo amadziwanso chikhalidwe cha ogwira ntchito, amaphunzira malemba ndi tanthauzo lake. Zakhala zikudziwika kale kuti izi kapena mau omwe sangathe kumasuliridwa m'chinenero china. Kotero, mu Chingerezi kuli kovuta kutanthauzira dzina la zikondwerero za Shrovetide, Ivan Kupala, chifukwa iwo sali mu chikhalidwe cha Chingerezi. Iwo angakhoze kufotokozedwa kokha.

Ubongo wa anthu omwe amalankhula zinenero zingapo amakula bwino, maganizo amatha kusintha. Zikudziwika kuti ana-zizindikiro zapamwamba zimaphunzira bwino kuposa anzawo a m'kalasi, ndizophweka kuti apereke zothandizira komanso zenizeni zenizeni. Mu msinkhu wokalamba kwambiri, iwo akufulumira kupanga zosankha zina, musaganize mwazinthu zowonongeka.

Chinthu china chosakayikiranso ndichinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Anthu oterowo nthawi zambiri, kuona zolakwa m'mawu, kumvetsetsa galamala ndi mapangidwe ake. M'tsogolomu, adzalandira mwamsanga chilankhulo chachitatu, chachinai, chachisanu, kugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso kale za zinenero.

Nthawi zitatu zophunzira

Kuphunzira kwa chiyankhulo kumadalira zaka zomwe ntchitoyo inayamba. Ana-zizindikiro zazing'ono zimakhala zomayambiriro, zaka zazing'ono, komanso nthawi zina. Iwo ali atatu okhaokha.

Yoyamba ndi yaling'ono yamabilingualism, omwe malire ake amatha zaka 0 mpaka zisanu. Zimakhulupirira kuti pa nthawi ino ndi bwino kuyamba kuphunzira chinenero chachiwiri. Panthawiyi, maunyolo a neural amapangidwa mofulumira, omwe amakhudza ubwino wodziwa chinenero chatsopano. Pachifukwa ichi, chinenero chachiwiri chiyenera katemera nthawi yomwe mwanayo amadziwa zofunikira zoyambirira. Panthawiyi, ziwalo za kulankhula, luso lamagetsi, chidwi ndi kukumbukira zimapangidwa mwakuthupi. Pafupifupi zaka ndi 1.5-2 zaka. Pankhaniyi, mwanayo adzalankhula zilankhulo zonsezo popanda malire.

Bilingualism ya ana - kuyambira zaka 5 mpaka 12. Pa nthawiyi mwanayo akuphunzira bwino chilankhulocho, ndikubwezeretsa mawu ake osagwira ntchito. Phunziro lachiwiri lachilankhulo cha m'badwo uno limaperekanso kuyankhula koyera ndi kusafooka. Ngakhale panthawiyi mwanayo akudziwa bwino lomwe chinenero chake choyamba, chilankhulo cha chibadwidwe.

Gawo lachitatu ndi lachinyamata, kuyambira zaka 12 mpaka 17. Kuphunzira chinenero chachiwiri mumkhalidwewu nthawi zambiri kumakhudzidwa ndi sukulu. Maphunziro awiri amayamba ku sukulu yachiwiri, pamaphunziro apadera ndi kuphunzira chinenero china. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mapangidwe ake akuphatikizapo mavuto angapo. Poyamba - ndikulimbikitsabe m'tsogolomu. Chachiwiri, mwanayo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwachindunji kuti aphunzire mawu a wina.

Ndondomeko za zilankhulo ziwiri

Pali njira zitatu zazikulu mu phunziro la zilankhulo ziwiri.

1. Mmodzi kholo - chinenero chimodzi. Ndi njira iyi, banja limalankhulidwa pomwepo m'zilankhulo ziwiri. Mwachitsanzo, mayi amacheza ndi mwana wake / mwana wamkazi yekha mu Russian, bambo - m'Chitaliyana. Mwanayo amamvetsetsa zinenero zonsezo mofanana. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, ngati bilingua ikukula, mavuto angabwere. Chofala kwambiri ndi pamene mwanayo amazindikira kuti makolo amamvetsa zolankhula zake, mosasamala kanthu za chinenero chimene amalankhula. Panthaŵi yomweyi, amasankha chinenero choyenera kwa iye ndikuyamba kuyankhula makamaka pa izo.

2. Nthawi ndi malo. Ndi njirayi, makolo amapatsidwa nthawi kapena malo omwe mwanayo angalankhulane ndi ena mwa chinenero china. Mwachitsanzo, Loweruka banja limayankhula mu Chingerezi kapena Chijeremani, limayendera bwalo la chinenero kumene kulankhulana kumachitika pachinenero china.

Njirayi ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuleredwa kwa mwana yemwe chinenero chawo ndi Chirasha. Bilingua pa nkhaniyi akhoza kuukitsidwa, ngakhale makolo onse awiri akulankhula Chirasha.

3. chinenero. Choncho, m'chinenero chimodzi mwanayo amalankhula yekha kunyumba, wachiwiri - mu sukulu ya sukulu, sukulu, pamsewu. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene makolo amasamukira kudziko lina pamodzi ndi mwanayo ndipo iwowo amakhala osasunthika kuti akhale ndi mlendo.

Maphunziro aatali

Ndi zingati zofunikira kuphunzira chinenero china kukhala zilankhulo ziwiri? Palibe yankho lenileni la funso ili. Zimakhulupirira kuti mukamaphunzira zolankhula za wina nthawi yake, muyenera kuphunzitsa maola 25 pa sabata, kapena kuti maola 4 pa tsiku. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nkofunika kuchita zozizwitsa zokhazokha pofuna kulongosola mawu ndi kumvetsetsa, komanso makalata ndi kuwerenga. Kawirikawiri, nthawi ya makalasi iyenera kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yophunzitsira, komanso zolinga ndi nthawi yomwe akukonzekera kuphunzira kapena kudziwa zina.

Malangizo othandiza

Kotero, momwe mungakwezere zilankhulo ziwiri? Timapereka malangizo asanu ndi atatu omwe angakuthandizeni kupanga maphunziro ndi mwana molondola.

1. Sankhani njira imodzi, njira yabwino kwambiri yodzipangira nokha.
2. Yesetsani kumuyika mwanayo pa chikhalidwe cha chiyankhulo chomwe mukuphunzira. Kuti muchite izi, dziwani izi ndi miyambo ya anthu osankhidwa.
3. Lankhulani mochuluka momwe mungathere ndi mwanayo m'chinenero china.
4. Poyamba, musamangoganizira za mwanayo kuti achite zolakwika. Lolani izo, koma musamaphunzire mwatsatanetsatane. Poyamba, yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mawu, kenako phunzirani malamulo.
5. Yesetsani kutumiza mwana wanu kumasasa achilankhulo, magulu a masewera, kuyendera limodzi ndi zilankhulo zawo.
6. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi ndi mavidiyo, mabuku kuti muwaphunzitse. Mabaibulo omasuliridwa m'Chingelezi amatha kuwerenga mabuku oyambirira komanso oyambirira.
7. Musaiwale kutamanda mwanayo kuti apambane, kumulimbikitsa.
8. Onetsetsani kuti mufotokoze chifukwa chake mukuphunzira chinenero china, zomwe zidzakupatsani mtsogolo. Limbikitsani mwanayo kuti aphunzire komanso kuti zinthu zimuyendere bwino.

Zosatheka zovuta

Kodi ndi mavuto ati omwe angabwere pa maphunziro a chinenero? Tikulemba mndandanda wa iwo:

1. Liwu lochepa la zinenero zonsezi chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya. Choncho, ngati mwana amagwiritsa ntchito chinenero china ku sukulu, mipando yambiri yolongosola malingaliro a tsiku ndi tsiku sangaphatikizidwe m'zinenero zake, komanso mosiyana.
2. Kulephera kuwerenga ndi kulemba mu chimodzi mwa zinenero. Kawirikawiri zimachokera ku njira yolakwika ya makolo yophunzirira mwana wamwamuna. Chilankhulo, chomwe chimapatsidwa chidwi kwambiri ndi icho, chimakhala chachikulu.
3. Chiwerengero cha matchulidwe. Zonse mwa chilankhulo chimodzi ndi chilankhulo chachiwiri zingakhale zomveka.

4. Kupanikizika kolakwika mu mawu amodzi kapena ena. Makamaka ngati m'zinenero muli zizindikiro zofanana zomwe zimakhala ndi nkhawa zosiyana.
5. Njira yothetsera zinenero panthawi yomwe interlocutor akumvetsa zonsezi. Kawirikawiri, vutoli lichotsedweratu palokha pakukula mwana.

Zotsatira

Bilinguals ndi anthu omwe amayankhula zinenero ziwiri mofanana. Iwo akufika pokhala ali khanda chifukwa cha chilankhulo cha chilankhulo, ndi kuwonjezeka maphunziro kuzinenero zakunja. Inde, mungathe kukhala amitundu awiri m'tsogolo, koma izi zidzakhala ndi mavuto angapo.