Kulankhula ntchito: kapangidwe, mitundu ndi mitundu

Kulankhula ntchito - ndi mtundu wa ntchito, lomwe lili lathu chikhalidwe. Mu njira ya mapangidwe ake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya analengedwa ndi cholinga chapadera (kulankhula, mphamvu, kulimbikitsa, etc.). Tanthauzo la ntchito mawu anapatsa ophunzira ambiri ndiponso akatswiri a zinenero. Choncho, chitsanzo chimodzi ndi zamaganizo L. S. Vygotsky, amene amafotokoza kuti ndondomeko ya materialization wamaganizo, ndiko kuti, mankhwala ake mu mawonekedwe chabe.

Ambiri, ntchito mawu dongosolo ili: tichipeza zochita kulankhula, zochokera yokonza ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo ya lomwe lili ndi kuchuluka osiyana ndi tanthauzo.

Komabe, zamaganizo amanena kuti nyumba imeneyi imakhala milingo anayi. The oyamba - ndi anzake zosowa ndi zofuna komanso zolinga zimene ayenera kulimbikitsa mawu m'tsogolo. Ndiko kuti, pafupifupi, gawo loyamba Cholinga kudziwa zinthu ntchito mawu, komanso kusonyeza nkhani yake nkhani komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama. mlingo wachiwiri - kukonzekera - kumaphatikizapo kusankha ndi gulu la njira ndi njira ya kukhazikitsa. Koma gawo lachitatu, ndilo lotchedwa kuzindikira akhoza kunja anasonyeza kapena asanawonetseredwebe. Pa mlingo chachinayi cha ntchito kulankhulana kusamala, ndi njira kukwaniritsa ntchito imeneyi, ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pa kumva, amatsimikiza cholinga ndi kukhazikitsa zina za mtundu wake. Koma kulankhula, kudziletsa ikuchitika pano pa ndondomeko lonse.

Ngati tikambirana zinthu izi structural ku mawonedwe a zilankhulo, kwambiri ambiri chiwembu cha mchitidwe kulankhula, mwakuchita R. O. Yakobsonom. Amakhala ndi zinthu zinayi zikuluzikulu:

1. Sender (amene akunena).

2. Oyenera kupindula (amene akumvetsera).

3. Lembalo (a zinthu iti imene Adzaikhulupirira wapangidwa - malo ofunda, phunziro, mayendedwe a abwenzi, etc.).

4. Mfundo yaikulu mfundo anasamutsidwa.

Kulankhula ntchito angakhale mitundu iwiri: kunja ndi mkati, ndi mbali ziwirizi pali mukudalira zonse ndi umodzi. Choncho, nkhani ya mtundu mkati, izo akulamulira bungwe, mapulani ndi dongosolo la ntchito yonse kulankhula ndi nyengo komaliza ulamuliro apa ndi ntchito maganizo, amene ali ndi udindo kukhazikitsa (mmene umafunika, kuganiza, kukumbukira). Mawonekedwe mkati amakhala ndi magawo anayi: zolinga mapangidwe dongosolo, kukhazikitsa, komanso tikayerekezera dongosolo ndi kukhazikitsa chifukwa.

Kulankhula ntchito, monga taonera kale, ali osokonezeka maganizo, ndiye kukhazikitsa chimatheka ndi kukhalapo kwa nkhani ziwiri. Pankhani ya maonekedwe unilateral mawu akuti pamene pali wolandira kapena sender, ndondomeko sadzakhala chichitike. Ngati tikambirana zinthu izi kwa maganizo a psycholinguistics, ndiye n'zotheka, ngati munthu akulankhula yekha.

Onani kuti nkhaniyi chachiwiri - chandamale palibe layamba kuposa poyamba. Zamaganizo amakhulupirira kuti zochita zake kulankhula amatchedwa ndondomeko ya "ntchito mkati maganizo."

Ambiri, ndondomeko imatengedwa wanzeru, chifukwa chifukwa chikhalidwe chake ndi chinthu. Choncho, mtima otsiriza maganizo chithunzi m'maganizo a munthu wa chinthu makamaka aliko ozungulira. Palinso makhalidwe a mtundu wa ntchito kusiyanitsa ndi kulunjika ya zida zake, zimene mayunitsi chinenero.

Choncho, zimaonekeratu kuti ntchito mawu akuti ndi waukulu njira kulankhulana pakati pa anthu. Ndi imodzi limanenedwa ngati njira yaikulu ya kulankhulana.