Labor chiphunzitso cha mtengo ndi zofunikira chiphunzitso - monyanyira awiri lonse

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo zimene motsogozedwa ndi opanga katundu ndi zingawathandize mtengo ena? Zikuonekeratu kuti iwo kuganizira mtengo wa mankhwala a mpikisano, koma kenako mpikisano wa nacho chinachake kuyenda. Tikhoza kunena kuti awo mitengo mfundo zimadalira zimene ogula. Chabwino, izi zimakhudza kusankha wogula?

Labor chiphunzitso cha mtengo

Woyamba kuyesa kufotokoza zimene amasankha mtengo wa katundu wina, sanali wina kuposa Adam Smith. Iye anati iye sanatero siliva ndi golide poyamba anapeza chuma chonse cha dziko, koma ntchito. Ndi zovuta kuti amagwirizana. Ntchito chiphunzitso cha mtengo wakhala inakulitsidwa mu zolemba V.Petti, Ricardo ndipo, ndithudi, Karl Marx.

chuma amenewa anakhulupirira kuti mtengo wa mankhwala aliwonse analengedwera kuwombola msika zimadalira athandizira ntchito wofunikila kupanga ake. Izi ndi zimene anatsimikiza kuwombola kufanana. Pa nthawi yomweyo ntchito kungakhale osiyana. Kufuna palibe ziyeneretso ndipo Komano, amafuna. Monga cha mtsogolo Mmishonale amafunika kuphunzitsidwa isanafike, chidziwitso zina ndi luso, ndi ofunika pang'ono apamwamba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ola limodzi ntchito akatswiri akhoza ukugwira kwa maola ochepa losavuta wantchito. Motero, chiphunzitso ntchito ya mtengo limanena kuti mtengo wa katundu kenako anatsimikiza ndi chikhalidwe zofunika (pafupifupi) mtengo wa nthawi. Kodi iyi ndi zochuluka mafotokozedwe? Iwo likukhalira kuti palibe!

Chiphunzitso cha zofunikira mmphepete

Tayerekezerani kuti inuyo anakhala m'chipululu, ndipo moyo wanu umadalira sips ochepa a madzi opatsa moyo. Pa nthawi yomweyo muli ndi ndalama zankhaninkhani ndalama. Pakuti mtengo uwu, malonda anakumana umafuna kugula iye atatenga madzi oyera ozizira. Kodi mukuvomereza kuti zimenezo ndalama? Yankho lake ndi lodziwikiratu. Non-ntchito chiphunzitso cha mtengo, oyambitsa amene anali D. Böhm-Bawerk, ndi Wieser F. Menger, ananena kuti mtengo wa katundu ndi sanalemberetu ndi mtengo wa ntchito ndi kuwerenga maganizo chuma ogula, makasitomala zothandiza zinthu. Ngati inu mukuganiza chiyani za izo, mawu amenewa lili choonadi. Zoonadi, munthu amanena za ubwino ena, malinga moyo wawo. Ndipo mtengo zotengera malingaliridwe a mankhwala mofanana kupeza ake amachepetsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu kutentha, ife mokondwera akadzigulire wokha ayisikilimu, kudya, tingafune kugula wachiwiri ndipo ngakhale wachitatu. Koma wachinayi, wachisanu ndi chimodzi simusowa kuti ndi phindu monga woyamba. Labor chiphunzitso cha mtengo kufotokoza khalidwe sangathe ndiponso chiphunzitso zofunikira kupirira mosavuta.

Chiphunzitso cha kufunika ndi kupereka (neoclassical sukulu)

Oimira zikuchikazi, woyambitsa umene unali zachuma kwambiri Alfred Marshall, anaona kufunika mafotokozedwe mu yapita mmodzi sidedness ndipo anaganiza kuti agwirizane ndi awiri kale anafotokoza njira. Mu lingaliro lawo la mtengo wa katundu unkagwiritsidwa bwino kuchoka ku anayeseysa kupeza gwero limodzi la mitengo mankhwala. Ku maganizo a A. Marshall, kutsutsana zimene malamulo ndi mtengo - ndalama kapena zofunikira - ofanana ndi mkangano bwanji ndendende tsamba (chapamwamba kapena kuchepera), lumo kudula pepala. Neoclassicism amakhulupirira kuti mtengo wa uphungu anatsimikiza ndi ubale wa wogula ndi wogulitsa. Choncho, iwo ali mu malo oyamba zinthu za okwanira ndi akumufuna. M'mawu ena, ukulu wa mtengo zimadalira chiŵerengero cha ndalama wopanga (wogulitsa) ndi ndalama ogula (wogula). chiŵerengero zimenezi n'zofanana ndi mbali pafupifupi phindu m'njira zake, kutenga nkhani pazipita zotheka ntchito kwa wina ndi mzake.