Loire - mtsinje mu France: kufotokoza

Izi mtsinje chodabwitsa kwa zaka wakhala umodzi wa madzi zofunika kwambiri zomwe zinachititsa ku likulu la France mu nyanja dziko. Ndipo izo ziri pano zombo zikuluzikulu ku Atlantic kuti boma la mtima. Lero, mtsinjewo waukulu koma pakati njira dziko chatsekedwa. Mtsinje waukulu ku France - Laura.

Pafupifupi zaka zikwi ziwiri kutumiza Anthu ambiri anayamba mu mtsinje. Apa kuyambira IX m'ma anachititsa ntchito ya zomangamanga pa kumanga madamu kutetezela midzi anthu ndi zosowa za panyanja. Koma nthawi zambiri damu sangathe kugwira osefukira yaikulu sizimadziwika mtsinje (tsoka kwa zaka 1856 ndi 1866).

Tisanafotokoze kulankhula za izo, yang'anani chimene mitsinje ina ikuyenda mwa dera la France.

French Mtsinje: kufotokoza mwachidule

France ali okwanira chuma hydrological. Mu dziko lino, palibe kuyanika ndi nyanja ndi mitsinje, ndi pa mwachilungamo kotentha apanyanja nyengo yofunda, mvula mosalekeza chaka chonse. Izi, kumene, kumathandiza chakuti dziko lonse la madzi ndi pafupifupi sichinasinthe.

Chikhalidwe zovuta za malo France zikuphatikizapo mazana mayiwe ochepa ndi m'mitsinje ikuluikulu. Koma pali m'dzikoli ali peculiarity yake. Malinga alipo mitsinje terminology ku France (fleuves) amaonedwa madzi mwachindunji loyenda m'nyanja dziko. Ndipo pali m'dzikoli - 131, ndi 10 iwo okha (Loire, womwe unali ndi Rhine, Rhone, ndi Meuse, ndi Garonne, khoka, ndi Charente, Dordogne, ndi Scheldt ndi Adour) ndi kutalika 300 Km. Ndipo onse mabeseni izi mitsinje zatenga oposa 400 zikwi. Makilomita Square a gawo la dziko lonse (pa 70%).

Izi mitsinje ndi France ndi maheda chachikulu. Buku otaya pa pakamwa pa ali ndi makhalidwe awa: Loire - 931, Raine - 2300, Rhone - 1690, Maas - 400 Garonne - 650, Sung - 563, Charente - 49 Dordogne - 380 Scheldt (mu kiyubiki mamita / gawo.) - 104 ndipo Adour - 350. awo okwana pachaka kusonkhana madzi mu misa okwana ndi za 40-45% ya okwana voliyumu ya pachaka lonse la France. Pafupifupi 33-34% ndi mitsinje m'nyanja ya Rhone, ndi Loire, womwe unali Dordogne, khoka, Garonne, Adour ndi Charente. Madamu kuti achoke madzi mkati France - Meuse, Rhine ndi Scheldt.

Loire Mtsinje: mafufuzidwe

Iwo imaphwera ku nyanja ya Atlantic pa dera la France. makilomita 1020 ndi kutalika kwa mtsinje Loire. mapu zimasonyeza kuti alidi yaitali. beseni ake chimakwirira kudera la zoposa 115 000 sq. Km, chomwe chimayimira oposa 20% mu France Chile, mogwirizana ndi zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri ndi zofunika mtsinje mu dziko.

waterway

Magwero a Loire amatenga pafupi m'mudzi wina waung'ono wotchedwa St. Eulalie (mu dipatimenti ya Ardèche), yomwe ili kum'mawa kwa Massif Central. Kutalika kwa malo awa mamita 1408 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Mtsinje mu France pa njira yake mitanda otsetsereka a kumpoto ndi kum'maŵa kwa khamu, ndiyeno afika pa dera Paris beseni (lowland North French). Mu malo awa, mlingo otaya akutsikira kwambiri, ndipo inasanduka mwachilungamo chete mtsinje ukuyenda kudutsa chigwa ndi shoals ndi Zatoka. Pa m'mphepete mwake muli malo ambiri mu France, monga Roanne, Orleans, chimam'kwiyitsa, Nevers, Blois, Tours ndi Nantes. City pa Mtsinje Loire Saint-Nazaire ndi mfundo za confluence ya Atlantic Ocean.

Njira ya mtsinje poyamba akuthamanga kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto kwa mzinda wa Orleans, kenako imazungulira kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Nantes. Ndiye, mtsinje amanyamula madzi ake ku nyanja ya Atlantic, si kusintha malangizo.

mpumulo

Loire - mtsinje, wochokera pa Chigawo miyala (chiphala), ndilo lotchedwa Gerbier de A Jons (dipatimenti Ardèche, mu osiyanasiyana Vela ndi Vivarais). About 150 makilomita ku Nyanja Mediterranean akutenga malangizo meridian kumpoto.

Mountain mtsinje ndi liwiro lalikulu pa mtunda mwachilungamo makolokoto pakati yaikulu boulders lubwe wa Massif Central. Iwo chililaka mapiri Vela galasi kapangidwe (chimene mipita angapo) ndi mapiri padziko Buter mu Faure, mu Beaujolais, Lyon ndi Madeleine.

Loire mtsinje mode, masoka

M'dzinja ndi yozizira mtsinjewu kudzadza Mediterranean mvula ndi nyanja m'dambo, ndipo m'chaka snowmelt ndi mvula nyanja. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, dziwe ndi madzi osauka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ndi chiyani, kuyang'ana pa lotsatira.

Malo awa yodziwika ndi kusinthasintha mwadzidzidzi nyengo, zomwe kwambiri bwanji boma la mtsinje. Mu m'chilimwe m'malo ouma Loire kwambiri kusinthidwa. Ndi nkhanza nyengo zolakwika kaŵirikaŵiri kukwaniritsa mfundo zoopsa. Pali zochitika zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. M'dzinja Mediterranean Anthufe tikuvutika chinachitika mu October ndi September, motero, 1846 ndi 1866., kunagwa mvula nyanja (yozizira ya 1910 ndi 1936.) Ndipo yaitali mvula masika pamodzi ndi lakuthwa limatsogolera mwadzidzidzi chisanu (oyambirira chilimwe 1856).

tributary

Loire ndi tributary chachikulu (anachoka banki) - Mtsinje Allier. m'litali ndi makilomita 421, madzi otaya mlingo - pafupifupi 140 m³ / s. Zoposa 14 300 km² - malo a beseni ndi.

The madzi mu Allier ali mlingo wotsikitsitsa m'chilimwe (July kuti September). gwero lake komanso unali mu Massif Central. The akulowera la mtsinje zimagwiritsa kumpoto. Pa gombe akutambasula umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri French - Moulin (likulu la dipatimenti eponymous).

mtsinje umenewu ndi wapadera chifukwa chakuti madzi ake nsomba zokhala chilengedwe - madzi oyera Grayling.

Medieval nsanja, malo osangalatsa

Loir Valley ali ndi yaikulu zosiyanasiyana wokongola nyumba wakale mapulani: nyumba, nyumba zachifumu, mzinda wakale, ndi zina zotero. Iwo kunyamula kale zosangalatsa France chidwi.

Medieval nsanja kamodzi umboni zosiyanasiyana zochitika asilikali. Kenako inasanduka nyumba zokongola, iwo asanduka malo miyambo ndi luso (iwo anali kumvetsera nyimbo zazikulu, kuonera zithunzi zojambula wokongola anasonyeza chidwi ed zisudzo, kulemba ndi kuwerenga ndakatulo, mabuku, ndi ena ambiri. Al.). Ichi ndi abwino kwambiri pafupifupi Fairy-nthano chigwa.

The nyumba zikuluzikulu za malo awa chodabwitsa - Amboise, Langeais, Chenonceau, Azay-Le-Rideau, Blois, Chaumont-sur-Loire, womwe unali Chambord ndi Valanse. Zazikulu Loire Valley, yomwe ili pakati Chalon ndi Sully-sur-Loire anali m'gulu katundu UNESCO World mu 2000.

Nzosadabwitsa Loire - mtsinje, lomwe limatchedwanso wachifumu, ndi chigwa ake - achifumu m'munda wa France, kapena kavalidwe ukwati wa dziko.

Tikumbukenso kuti, mwatsoka, ntchito cholakwika anachita ndi kukonza pansi Loire zitsulo amachititsa chiwonongeko chidwi akale nyumba mapulani - Khalani Bridge (1978).

Phindu la mtsinje kwa dziko

Mtsinje mu France n'kofunika m'madera ambiri. Makamaka Loire - mtsinje (monga Ron p.), Amene n'kofunika kwambiri kupanga mphamvu kwa dziko. m'gawo lake ndi Anamanganso (pa beseni apamwamba) zotsekereza awiri: Nossal ndi Villerest (Alo mtsinje beseni), antchito lero makamaka yozizira nyukiliya ili m'malo anayi ku France.

Komanso, mtsinje chikugwirizana ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha njira khoka (Niver ndi Briarsky) ndi mtsinje Saône (chapakati), kuti p. Cher (Berry). Madzi yodutsira yekha za Nantes kumtunda.

Tikumbukenso Komabe, kuti Loire - mtsinje umene idzalimbikitsa chitukuko cha ulimi ndi ntchito zokopa alendo.

Pomaliza mwa zinthu kusambira dziwe

The mathithi mu mtsinje uwu kuyendayenda chaka ndi chaka. M'chaka, pamene Loire ladzala ndi madzi ochuluka Sungunulani kuchokera lalikulu dziwe dera alumali ake chokhala mchikakamizo cha mulu waukulu wa madzi "asamayendeyende". Ndi mphamvu zawo za madzi ku malo ena, ndipo ambiri a shoals latsopano zimachitika m'dera lanu unakhota mtsinje kumene amachepetsa mlingo otaya.

Kamodzi thawed madzi akutsikira, Loire abwerera kumka ku gombe kale. Mukhoza kupeza kuti alumali ali mu malo ena, koma osati kumene zinali chaka chatha. Iwo likukhalira kuti mtsinje mu France chaka chilichonse pang'ono, koma chingasinthe mawonekedwe ake pamene cornering.

The mtsinje ali ndi khalidwe achilendo akulowera lapansi. Mogwirizana ndi catchment lalikulu mu m'munsi Loire yake ndi sizimadziwika. Nthawi zambiri pali mwadzidzidzi kung'anima madzi osefukira chifukwa ndimeyi ya mvula yaitali mu France kumtunda, kenako Loire makhwawa kubweretsa mabuku njira zazikulu za madzi.

Choncho, pali milandu pamene estuary madzi voliyumu otaya ukuwonjezeka zikuchepa mpaka 7000 mamita ³ / s (chigumula nthawi). Ndipo kufooka lakuthwa mu madzi ndi si zachilendo ku malo amenewa. Mu 1976, mu mzinda wa Orleans izo anawalemba mbiri kumwa madzi ndiye anali 22,4 yekha mamita ³ (yachibadwa pafupifupi mowa pa malo omwewo ndi mamita 400 ^3).