Lolemera zoyendera asilikali ndege Il-76TD: specifications luso

IL 76 - waukulu asilikali zoyendera ndege chitsanzo kuti ntchentche kuposa zaka kotala. zosintha osiyanasiyana pa maziko ake, zosakhudzana ndi usilikali. Mutates ndi sitima yokha, kuwonjezera zatsopano, kukodzedwa anthu alipo. Ngakhale m'badwo m'malo lalikulu, pa maziko a makina akadali ntchito Baibulo latsopanoli.

TD chitsanzo anali mmodzi wa zosintha zimenezi. Ilyushin Design Bureau anafotokoza mu 1982, patatha zaka zochepa za kukhazikitsidwa kwa yopanga zinachitika. zilembo ziwiri mu mutu umaimira "zoyendera losatha." zinthu zina kuti kusiyanitsa Baibulo ili, tiwona m'munsimu.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Cha m'ma 60 ntchentche OKB Ilyushin analandira lamulo kukhala ndege zoyendera. Ntchito ikuchitika kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo zinatha kumayambiriro kwa '70s. Kale mu March 1971 ndi zinachitika loyamba la ndege IL 76 wakwezedwa mu mlengalenga. M'chaka chomwecho pa mpweya zimasonyeza mu France, zikuoneka kuti anthu ambiri.

The 1973 lachitsanzo amabwera mu ulimi. Makina oyamba anasonkhana pa mbewu ndege iwo. Chkalov Tashkent. Patapita zaka zingapo, mu 1976, analandira ndege ndi asilikali. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Tashkent anakhala Mlengi waukulu chitsanzo ichi. Mu zaka zomwezo, inayamba nkhondo Afghanistan, ndiponso malinga ndi kafukufuku zosavomerezeka, 95% ya magalimoto ndi zoyendera ogwira mu njira ya ntchito asilikali kuti anasamutsidwa ndi zachilendo kwa makampani Soviet ndege - IL 76.

Pakali pano, zambiri zosintha posachedwapa makina adakali kupanga maziko a asilikali zoyendera ndege la Russia. Ngakhale anafotokoza ndege paki katundu - mu zaka Afghanistan iye ali ndi awiri mfuti yaing'ono likungosonyeza 23 mamilimita ili mu gawo mchira.

mafotokozedwe

Timanyamula ndege IL 76 anali ndege yoyamba Soviet Union, waukulu magetsi amene ali turbojets. Onse a galimoto zikuchitika alipidwa kwa mfundo chinapululutsa katundu ndege mapiko ndi T-mchira ndi muyezo umodzi. Chinthu chapadera angatchedwe ndi kusindikiza kumodzi kwathunthu maofesi ndi katundu zipinda. Zitseko ndege katundu zitatu, chimene munthu ndi awiri pa kulera kutsogolo. dongosolo Zimenezi zimathandiza popanga mwachindunji mu ankafika mtsinje 4 (kumbuyo zimaswa wa slats angapo), koma mchitidwe umenewu sichinayambe ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, ankafika ejected chabe ku zimaswa kutsogolo, pamene kuchokera kumbuyo mothandizidwa ndi parachutes opangidwa makina lolemera.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngati ndege iliyonse ya mtundu umenewu, IL-76TD ali ndi zipangizo zina zapadera ili mu tiers ziwiri, zinayi hoist ndipo, ndithudi, katundu zingwe angapo. kumbuyo zimaswa kapangidwe muyezo, kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke atatu, awiri amene atsegulidwa m'mbali ndipo likulu ndi adatchithisira, kupanga mtundu wa limbikitsa kuti kulowa kapena racking. Kuwonjezera iye, katundu kugwira wodzigudubuza tebulo pali njira zingapo kuti magawowa kayendedwe ka muli lalikulu.

ndegeyo ali Motors anayi wamphamvu anaikidwa pa pylons pansi pa phiko. Aona kuchokera kutsogolo kapena kuchokera pamwamba chikuoneka bwinobwino kuti mapiko zili pamwamba fuselage, mu mtundu wa ziyerekezo, amene pamodzi ndi kutsogolo (zomwe pansipa) kusiyana khalidwe pakati zinachitika, ndipo pano mu zosintha ake, kuphatikizapo IL-76TD Baibulo boma. Wamphamvu zida dongosolo anakonza pa zisanu mfundo chiwembu (4 pansi pa phiko, munthu pansi mphuno), zimathandiza kuti agwirizane osati Mzere konkire, komanso phunziroli lapansi.

zosintha

Akuyendera kuti zosintha ndi, tisaiwale kuti chitsanzo anafotokozedwa ndi ife kale anabadwa mu moyo weniweni osati pepala. Poyamba, makalata amenewa anali ndege asilikali ndi akasinja analimbitsa mafuta, komanso injini latsopano. Ndiye, patapita kanthawi, pamene okonza anayamba Baibulo wamba, mmodzi mwa njira yatsopano ndi dzina lakale.

• IL 76 - ndi zoyendera ndege zankhondo. Iye anali zinachitika mndandanda wa malangizo magalimoto.
• IL-76T - anawonjezera zapadera mafuta thanki mu kusinthidwa izi. Version anakhala woyendetsa, koma kochulukira kotunga mafuta akhoza kwambiri pa ndege osiyanasiyana.
• IL-76TD - muli turbofan injini D-30KP-1. Enawo kwathunthu akubwereza chitukuko m'mbuyomu.
• IL-76TDP - komanso akubwereza chitukuko kale. Main ntchito - moto nkhalango, umene pang'ono chimasintha katundu kugwira ndipo anapereka dongosolo madzi kumaliseche.
• A-50 - mu mtima chifukwa cha zimenezi akadali zinachitika chimodzimodzi ndi thanki zina mafuta. dongosolo ndege anaika AEW (Airborne Early Chenjezo ndi Control).
• Il-76M - amaphatikizidwa Baibulo mwachindunji ndi Air Force. Mbali luso akubwereza T Baibulo, koma ali m'manja mfuti, ndi luso A-50.
• Yl 76MD - asilikali Baibulo kuposa mwachindunji AP. injini latsopano ndi asilikali "kudzazidwa". Kodi kunyamula akasinja sing'anga kapena magulu ankhondo a anthu mpaka 200.
• Il-76LL - Baibulo uyu anali pamodzi makope wosakwatiwa ndipo anali zasayansi pandege kwa chitukuko ndi chiyesedwe cha injini latsopano. Makasitomala kutukula okha OKB Ilyushin.
• IL 78 - ndege-Pamadzi. Osachepera zida zankhondo osachepera katundu. Ziwiri zina mafuta akasinja.
• Adman1 - Baibulo la 50, anasonkhana kwa Air Force ku Iraq. Ndinali Rada zina.
• Adman2 - makina ndi anatumiza kwa aku Iraq Air Force. ndege Izi ankachita nawo ulamuliro ndi chitsogozo cha nkhondo.

chitukuko mwambo

Kuwonjezera pa mabuku a LL, amene analengedwa chifukwa Madivelopa, anamasulidwa angapo yofanana sanali muyezo. Malinga ndi mfundo zosavomerezeka, panali 1-2 m'mabaibulo awo ndi dzina digito chizindikiro si analandira. Monga zinachitika kwa onse anatumikira monga IL-76T - ndege kuchuluka mphamvu mafuta. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali chipatala zouluka, chotengera zida laser , ndipo ngakhale zikhalidwe za pulogalamu yoyeseza weightlessness, apangidwa makamaka kuti chombo.

mphamvu

Mu chitukuko cha ndege iliyonse ano, ziribe kanthu mtundu, okonza ayenera kuganizira ambiri a magawo onse kunja ndi mkati, kopanda apo sitima sadzatha adzauka mu mlengalenga. Pamene chitukuko udzatha ndipo anayamba kupanga m'ziwawa, ndege, makasitomala ndi kulabadira kwa katundu wina, koma mmodzi wa iwo ndi ofanana ndi okonza, ndi otungira.

Iwo - mphamvu. IL-76TD mu kukweza ambiri anali ndi mwayi kunyamula chimodzi ndi theka nthawi zoposa zinachitika ake. Mu magalimoto woyamba analengeza chithunzi cha tonnes 28. Mu zochitika atsopano - 42, ndipo Mabaibulo watsopano - matani 60.

adalira

Monga ambiri ndege Soviet zoyendera ndege adalandira Khoma zozungulira pa uta. The kumtunda kumene ulamuliro waukulu, ndipo m'munsi - nyumba tchati. The gulu la Il-76TD m'gulu anthu 5. Izi woyendetsa choyamba (amatchedwanso FAC), katswiri chachiwiri, ndege injiniya ndi wailesi woyendetsa. Komanso mu timu ndinali kuyenda panyanja ya. The ndege yoyamba ndi Mabaibulo mwangwiro asilikali ndi adalira awiri zambiri - ndi asilikali mivi. Kuti tchati chipinda ndege womangidwa maonekedwe penapake osaka uta.

kuwonjezeredwa

anatchulidwa mwapadera ayenera dongosolo mafuta. Mu lililonse yonyamula boma, kaya chiwerengero cha injini, pali awiri, nthawi zina atatu thanki. Standard malangizo akasinja ntchito luso 76TD IL-otchulidwa 12, yagawidwa m'magawo 4 (by Motors). Aliyense wa iwo pali magawano awo mu akasinja pulayimale, sekondale ndi kubwerera. Choncho, woyendetsa ali kusinthasintha okwanira kulamulira mafuta otaya ndipo akhoza mwamsanga kuziona mavuto mwadzidzidzi. Total mphamvu akasinja onse upambana chilemba cha malita 100 zikwi za mafuta.

makhalidwe a

Ife takambirana magawo munthu wa IL-76TD. Zofunika adzakhala kuchepetsa mndandanda wonse.

Poganizira kuti ndege ambiri kale kuwuluka kuposa zaka kotala, kuyamba ndi kuyamba, kuti moyo mapulogalamu utumiki - zaka 30. Komabe, Dziwani kuti Mabaibulo atsopano adakali pa mzere msonkhano, koma anasiya Tashkent, omwe tsopano ankaona kuti kunja, ndipo Ulyanovsk.

• Wingspan - 50 m.
• Mapiko Area - 300 sq. m.
• Ndege kutalika - 46,5 m, ikakhala chipinda - 24,5.
• Msinkhu (pa muyezo) - 14,7 mamita; Galimoto zashuga - 3.4 m.
• M'lifupi - 3, 45 (katundu chipinda).
• Volume - 321 kiyubiki mamita. m.

Onani kuti fuselage gawo ndi bwalo wangwiro, amafunika kunena kuti ndege n'zotheka kukhazikitsa limbikitsa chachiwiri, pamene katundu chipinda kutalika pang'ono, koma amachepetsa.

deta Flight:

• The osachepera zofunika kulemera - matani 88, pazipita - 210.
• Liwiro - 800 Km / h, pazipita - 850.
• Flight osiyanasiyana - 4000 Km, pazipita - 6000.
• Othandiza denga - 12,000 m.
• Tikufika liwiro - 210 Km / h.
• Kutalika kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege kuti zinthu zofunika (mini) - 850 m, kubzala - 450 m.
• Zipangizo - 4 (HPT 30KP-D-2).
• Samatha mphamvu - 12 000 makilogalamu lililonse.
• Mafuta akasinja onse - 109,5 L.

A kuletsa flights

Chiyambi cha m'ma latsopano zinali zodzaza ndi wakuda bala chitukuko cha 76 zitsanzo. Mu 2000, ICAO (mayiko gulu kuti imayang'anira lonse yapachiweniweni ndege) ali omangika zofunika kuti ndege zamakono. Kwa makina kuti si kukumana mfundo yatsopano, anatseka of Europe, North America, Japan ndipo ngakhale Australia. Titero waukulu IL 76 phokoso zitsulo ndi mpweya.

Izi zinachititsa wamakono wa Baibulo zida, amene analandira kuwonjezera pa index waukulu 90VD. latsopano kalasi ya ndege popanda malire kuwuluka mozungulira dziko m'dipatimenti katundu mu ngondya ambiri osiyana a dziko.

panopa,

Popeza ndege yoyamba ya 76th anatumikira mu Air Force wa Union of zaka 15 ndipo akupitiriza kutumikira mayiko CIS. Latsopano Mabaibulo ndi Russia, Ukraine, Belarus ndi mayiko ena. mazana angapo magalimoto adasonkhana kwa katundu. Kuwonjezera asilikali, n'zotheka mayina zinthu zochepa kuti IL-76TD ntchito lero. Mesiya, ntchito mwadzidzidzi, asilikali a zachitetezo, komanso ena a ndege nawo magalimoto katundu yekha. Pali ngakhale zosavomerezeka gulu: AN 124 - pa supersize, imodzi 747 a "Boeing" - motalikitsa, ndi IL 76 - kwambiri Mipikisano cholinga.

Pomaliza

IL-76TD - ndi wamba katundu ndege, amene si zodziwika bwino monga kapangidwe Antonov, koma Komabe, zikomo kwa kuthekera kwa ankafika onse pansi ndi pa mtunda konkire kunalibe anthu ambiri. Ngakhale kuposa m'badwo wolemekezeka, chitsanzo ichi watumikira ndipo mwina akutumikirabe ngati zinachitika kwa watsopano, amakono, koma Musataye maonekedwe kaso wamba ndi asilikali "galimoto".