Lynch - ndichiyani? Lynchings mu US

Pa mapeto a XIX m'ma Mayne Reid, mu "The Headless pamahatchi" kwambiri yalongosoledwa momveka khamu kuphedwa ya ule akhadawisa ananena. Owerenga chisoni munthuyo komanso adzadabwitsa pa bwalo popanda kufufuza kulikonse.

Lynchings zinachitika m'mayiko ena, koma mu United States apeza khalidwe misa. Dziko, dziko kuzichita chithunzi cha demokalase, shyly yokutidwa maso ake ndi kutembenukira mutu wake pamene nzika anali kumenyedwa, kuzunzidwa, kupachikidwa ndi kutentha.

Lynch - ndichiyani? N'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zili zotheka mu "ufulu" dziko?

tanthawuzo

The ofufuza za nkhaniyi kubweretsa matanthauzo awiri:

• chabwino Lynch a - malamulo mumtima, amene anapereka udindo lynching. Aliyense amene akufuna lynching kudzisankhira yekha ngati iye ndiye woyenera. Nthawi zina ngakhale bwino wosachimwa wa Wolakwayo sakanakhoza kusiya gulu.
• Lynching - wankhanza ogwirika chilango, kuzunza kapena kupha wa munthu popanda kufufuza ndi mlandu ndi boma kukhoti.

Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti lynching sanali Kutulukira American. chiwawa chimenechi ankhanza anabwera ku Dziko Latsopano pa ngalawa English pa nthawi yoyenera anabwera ndi kukangamira pa nthaka yachonde.

Thirani otentha phula opanduka Scot, kuukoka nthenga ndi kuyendetsa galimoto hooting asilikali - ambiri zosangalatsa English njonda. Choncho ankalimbikitsa ufulu kukhala olamulira mu dziko winawake. Ndipo palibe amene amandikonda kuti wozunzidwayo ndi "kusangalala wosalakwa" anafera ku amayaka.

prerequisites

Mavuto ambiri anabweretsa American Civil nkhondo. Kumpoto ndi kum'mwera States zolinga zosiyana. Choyamba napempha demokalase, ufulu wa chibadidwe, chitukuko mafakitale dziko. Kumwera eni munda sanafune kusiya umwini wa dziko ndi anthu, kugawana phindu, kumvera malamulo a winawake.

Zotsatira zake za nkhondo panali Kukonzedwa 13 kuti lamulo lalikulu ladziko US ndi ambiri anathedwa nzeru kale anali akapolo. Monga ulamuliro, awa anali negros. Ambiri sanafune kumasula kwathunthu. Ankawaphwanyira pogona, chakudya free, zovala, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - ntchito otetezeka, amene anapereka ufulu kupuma.

Kwa zaka zinayi, kukumana kwa chuma South anapita mu kuchepa. Cities adzaonongedwa, kuponderezedwa m'minda, minda kutenthedwa, ziweto kubedwa kapena kudyedwa. anthu olemera anayesa amachoka pa zoopsa za kunkhondo, ambiri anafa pa nkhondo.

Deserters, pantchito, osauka anaukira famu kukafunafuna chakudya. kale anali akapolo anapempha kuti awapatse ntchito ndi kupereka pogona ndi kutiteteza, koma eni okha kuti apulumuke m'mene akanathera ndipo pakamwa owonjezera sanali kufuna.

United boma latsopanolo analibe kanthu kochita ndi zofuna za nzika ufulu. Iwo anatenga kusankha ntchito kuposa chipangizo Olinganiza zoikidwiratu za kale anali akapolo.

Pofuna kuteteza miyoyo ya okondedwa awo ndi kusunga zotsala za chuma, anabwerera ku nkhondo, southerners nkhaniyo mu manja awo. Iwo anali munthu - amangosankha kuweruza Lynch. Kodi ndi - Pofuna kukonza ndondomeko ya chilungamo, kuthandiza ayeretse dziko akuba ndi concoctions kapena kupha nkhanza? Boma mobisa analimbikitsa khalidwe.

woyamba Fathers

Anayambitsa lynching American amalimbikitsa anthu awiri ndi dzina chomwecho Lynch.

Anali asilikali ndi kukhazikika bwalo ake pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya wodzilamulira pofuna bata ndi kumenya adani ndi zigawenga. Bwalo la Charles Lynch sanachedwe, koma chilungamo kwambiri, monga momwe mungathere mu nthawi ya nkhondo. Mlanduyo anali ndi ufulu kutsutsana wosalakwa.

The chachiwiri - kuchokera planter kum'mwera Vilyam Linch. cholowa anagwa kukhazikitsa bata pambuyo Civil nkhondo. kuwazunzawo anali negros yekha. Akapolo ena akale njira zawo kumvetsa tanthauzo la "ufulu" ndi atasemphana momasuka ndi azungu. Ambiri sangathe anayendayenda mwa ntchito ndi ankasakidwa idzaperekedwa ndi kuba.

Chinthu Kuchepetsa anali lynching. Kodi izo - kuphedwa kwa anthu osalakwa kapena kuteteza banja lanu ndi katundu? Tsopano, patapita zaka theka, n'zovuta moyenera kumvetsa.

Nyuzipepala ndi otsutsa lynchings akadali sangafikire kuuzidwa. N'zovuta kumvetsa ndi kuunikira lililonse. Panopa US milandu dongosolo la nthawi kuti ankadabwa kupirira paokha ndi umbanda ponseponse ndi wankhanza.

otsatira lynching

Flurry wa makolo ntchito woyamba analandira osati kukondweretsa tacit a boma ndi nzika, komanso spawned otsatira. Popeza kuti mapeto a XIX kwa zaka za m'ma XX apa ndi apo mu United States panali gulu la anthu ogwirizana ndi lingaliro limodzi. Cholinga chachikulu cha mabungwe awa - kuweruza Lynch. Kodi izo - njira akuti, kusankhana mitundu kapena zosangalatsa kwa njonda wotopetsa?

Tiyeni tiyese poyankha mafunso awa pa nkhani ya yaikulu komanso odziwika bwino kwambiri magulu. Aliyense wa iwo amatsatira malamulo izo zinkayenera dongosolo zake, maganizo bwana.

"Ku Klux Klan": m'munsi

Kayendedwe lalikulu kulimbikitsa lynching anali "Ku Klux Klan". Chosavuta kwa zosangalatsa, gululi lakhala anasiya njira magazi kwambiri mu mbiri US.

Mu 1865, nkhondo anamenyela mwa Confederates, mwana wa mayina yabwino ya Tennessee anasonkhana pomanga kukhoti msonkhano Khirisimasi. Six alonda poyamba anali mu Chosokonezeka.

The American Civil nkhondo itatha. The Confederates anali kumenyera mfundo zawo, koma anagonjetsedwa ndipo tsopano anali mu udindo wa manyazi ndi kuzunzidwa. Pa nthawi imeneyo, anthu amene analimbikitsa zofuna za South, anali ufulu zosakwana ku ukapolo ukapolo wa anthu akuda.

moyo wamtendere linadzaza ndi mavuto wotopetsa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti azilankhula kuti tipitirize zimene makolo awo ankachita m'dziko kwawo.

Amene poyamba anali ndi ganizo la bungwe anthu chinsinsi, sakudziwika bwinobwino. Koma lingaliro anali okonza ndi kum'boola zochita konkire anyamata ndinamugwira iye. Choncho panali "Abale Golden Circle," umene posachedwapa anadzatchedwa ndi "Fuko la bwalo." Pakuti chinsinsi kwambiri anayamba ntchito chidule KKK. M'makalata zitatu zofanana anali kafungo matsenga.

"Ku Klux Klan" woomba anakumbutsa phokoso la mafupa. Pomwepo panali maganizo kuphimba akavalo nsalu zoyera, ndi kubvala zobvala ndi slits maso.

gulu limakula, masewera osangalatsa inatha. Ena mwa mamembala atsopano akufuna kuti amasonyeza chilungamo. anthu Chinsinsi wasankha kumasula munthu South ku feds akudzikuza ndi akuda unbelted.

Anayamba lynchings ambiri. Akuda anapachikidwa kapena kuwotchedwa popanda ado zina, ndi azungu kupangidwa mwambo. Pa khosi ndi mfiti anali kuvala kuzungulira yopachikapo ndipo werengani mirandu. A lalikulu kusankha a wovulalayo sikuloledwa. Kapena kulakwa ndi kukwanitsa zofunika, kapena kuzungulira omangika.

Boma watenga chisamaliro kupeza "KKK" oyambitsa, koma kusiya kwathunthu kuzunza akuda analephera.

Chitsitsimutso wotsatira wa "KKK"

Yoweyula yachiwiri "Ku Klux Klan" wauka kotala m'ma ina. Malinga ndi American yosesa ndi funde la lynching, mu udindo wa oweruza ndi alonda anali anthu zisoti peaked ndi miinjiro yoyera.

Khumi lachiwiri la XX atumwi, mamembala a banja anaima kupha. Tsopano iwo ntchito zikwapu ndi utomoni ku nthenga. Boma la kwamtuwagalu chigulu chilungamo. culprits The zinaletsedwa womkanikizawo, otsutsidwa anadzudzula anthu, koma lamulo loletsa lynchings, ndipo sanali atsopano.

Kamodzi America anayamba kuteteza ufulu wa anthu akuda kapena ing'onoing'ono zina, kamodzi pali anthu ndi nkhope chatsekedwa woyera ndi kudzaza mitanda.

Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi "KKK" lomaliza ananena yokha mwalamulo. Koma anali ngati ntchito makhalidwe kuchotsa andale osafunika ndi mpikisano zachuma.

Dzhona Bercha Society

gulu lina la monga okonda kubwera kwa miyambo ndi makhalidwe achikhristu. Mazunzo anauzidwa ndi boma, osamuka yothetsa limati, malingaliro chikominisi.

Kampani ankaona magazi ochepa kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo ambiri. Kuyambira 1958 mpaka mu 1961, chiwerengero cha mamembala a boma wakula anthu 12 100 zikwi.

Ndi maudindo mu dziko, utsogoleri anayimitsa nthawi imodzi m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana manifestos kusonyeza mayesero anadzudzula anthu, kuti modutsa kwa ngongole boma.

Potsilizira pake, yense mutu wa anthu a, Welch, amene ndi nthawi kuti anali akhate malingaliro za dziko chikominisi chiwembu. analephera Pofuna kuchotsa Welch ku kasamalidwe. Pang'onopang'ono ntchito anayamba kuvutika kulengeza, si kwathunthu n'kukakhala ku makonde a mphamvu.

malamulo Dzhima Krou

Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri mu United States watenga zingapo zokhudza malamulo okhudza kulekanitsa kwa anthu ndi khungu. Apa iwo anali kutchedwa "Jim Khwangwala." Munthu ndi dzina ili kulibe mu moyo weniweniwo. Ilo linali khalidwe ed usiwa, osaphunzira wakuda. Kenako, akuda onse anayamba kutchedwa ndi dzina limenelo.

Lamulo amasamalira anthu ndi osiyana khungu chiwembu cha moyo yomweyi. Anawagaŵa m'magulu mitundu, kumene Negro ndi molakwika akungoyendayenda kumbuyo kumene analetsedwa, iye akhadikhira aphedwe. Atapachikidwa anali imodzi mwa njira kwambiri uweme.

Kawirikawiri pa wovulalayo yaitali chipongwe, kumenyedwa, miyala, anamuwotcha. Mu yogawa akanakhoza kutenga ziwalo za banja la mlandu kapena iwo amene amadzinenera kuti amupulumutse kapena kuti apempherere.

Zinatha pafupifupi theka nkhanza atumwi, pamene boma ndi bwalo sanamuzindikire Dzhima Krou malamulo zosiyana kwa Constitution US.

Boma US ndi lynching

Franklin Ruzvelt nthawi anakana poyera amenyane lynching, chifukwa choopa kutaya mavoti.

Garri Trumen anakhala kwambiri mphamvu ndi zaka kufotokozera America za kuopsa lynching. Yatha akuyesetsa kuti muzindikire kuti dziko "osatinso."

Likukhalira lynchings mu United States - ndi zotsatira za dongosolo maganizo otsutsana zamalamulo ndi zachiweruzo ndi connivance kuyan'anila za boma? kangati chifukwa chivundi cha oweruza wolungama ndi ambanda, ndi anakapezeka osalakwa padoko?

Kwa zaka zambiri, mothandizidwa ndi zilakolako ndi zokhumba za achuma. Monga ulamuliro, iwo ali kutali ndi izo Lynch, ndewu, kugula senators ndi oweruza. Kuganiza kuti munthu ndi ndalama palibe zoletsa mu zochita zake.

lamulo US amapereka mitundu ina ya chilango cha imfa chifukwa cha milandu ya amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana ndi mavuto, koma m'mbiri ya vigilante aliyense sanayankhe ndi moyo wake chifukwa cha imfa.

Anavutika wa lynching mu US

Olemekezeka America kwa zaka 50 anatha Lynch za anthu zikwi zisanu. Ena amanenera, chiwawa popanda mlandu inasanduka zochitika zosangalatsa. Pa chilango anabwera mabanja. Kupezeka kwa ana ndi amayi apakati sichikunditsutsa aliyense.

Anaganiza kuti mapositi khadi ndi zithunzi za lynching. moni amenewa anatumiza Isitala, Christmas, chipani cha tsiku lobadwa. Pansi lynching akanakhoza kutenga chilichonse: wakuda, woyera, Ayuda, Mexico. Iwo safuna kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi silidzachotsedwa nkhani ngakhale mimba. umembala A kuti chikominisi kapena mabungwe malonda zambiri ndalama miyoyo.

Gululo okwiya anawononga m'ndende, anatentha nyumba, anaba akuvutika wake. Pa mayesero onsewa, akuluakulu a boma mphamvu. Komabe, kulephera kwawo zinthu zikhoza ankaona woyimira kumbuyo chete zochita vigilante.

Ndikufuna, ndiponso ena awiri milandu egregious. Mu umodzi lynched nyama, ndi zina mosatsata moyo wa munthu wosalakwa.

lynching nyama

Mu zaka za m'ma XX, kupha munthu pa anthu ochepa akufunira amadabwa. Moyo, makamaka wakuda, ndalama zotsika mtengo. Choncho, mfundo ya kubweretsa chilungamo nyama Lynch chidwi.

nzika wolemekezeka wa Tennessee. Maseŵeralo gululo anapita pa ulendo, ntchito njovu mu chipinda dzina lake Mariya. Pa nthawi kuloŵa m'bwalomo wa nyama anapandukira kuzunzidwa kwa iye. Anavulala ntchito masewera aja, ngakhale ena amanena amati zinakwiyitsa njovu kuponderezedwa anthu zambiri.

omvetsera, ambiri ankaphedwa, nyama kuwombera revolvers, kuposa anakwiya ake. Uthenga wa njovu wakupha yomweyo kufalitsa mumzinda. Kuyambira Shefifi anafuna kuphedwa yomweyo, koma zinali zochepa mapeto a khungu Mariya.

Anthu a m'midzi yapafupi anasonkhana pokonzekera akuona zoseketsa. Kusalankhula khamu koposa chofuna. Amapatsa kumuopseza maseŵeralo eni. Anthu (kapena anthu oipa?) Usiku onse anayatsa chimoto panja ndipo adamfunsa chilango mwamsanga.

M'mawa njovu Kalanga anapachikidwa pa nyumba Kireni. Ndipo kutero anali kokha kachiwiri. A khamu la anthu zikwi zingapo anaimba ndi kuvina pamaso pawo ngati ikulendewera si zinyama, ndi nyali yowala ya mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi.

Lynched mosazindikira

Munthu asanakhale chake anapanga mtundu wina wa imfa. Ena ankagwiritsa ntchito choonadi, ndi ena - chifukwa mwamantha ndi subordination. The chiwawa yonyansa, anatulukira chirombo dzina mwamuna ndi lynching, makamaka pamene wozunzidwayo ndi wosalakwa.

Factory woyang'anira ku Georgia Leo Frank analamulidwa chifukwa cha kugwiriridwa ndi kupha zazing'ono ndi. The milandu inamangidwa pa umboni wa munthu mmodzi.

Bwanamkubwa mwanjira anapeza Chilango ichi ndi nkhanza chilango ndipo m'malo ndi kumangidwa moyo. mumzindawo akukwiya zochita. Khamu anathyola mu ndende, Frank atathamangitsidwa apolisi napita kudutsa mu mzinda, anapachika pafupi ndi manda a atsikana anagwiriridwa.

Panapita zaka 70, ndipo Lynch watilakwira wakhala kapolo wa miseche. Ndinapeza umboni wina, mantha wogwirira ili pafupi imfa. Iye anali wolimba kunena zoona zaka 10 pambuyo pa imfa ya wakupha.

Leo Frank mlanduwo, ndipo banja analandira malipiro, koma kuchita izi si zifukwa anthu iliyonse, posachedwapa aphedwe, kapena oimira maulamuliro yovomerezeka analola lynching.

Posachedwapa, seneti US wachita posonyeza chisoni chochokera pansi pamtima kuti boma wavomerezera zochita lynching mu dziko, ndipo anapepesa kwa anthu ovutika ndipo analonjeza kuti kupewa ofanana masewero achiwawa.

Mwina pamaso pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo, izo konse. Ngakhale pulezidenti wa African-American kuti n'komwe chinthu choterocho. Total nkhokwe za golide Fort Knox sikokwanira azilipira ana a anthu amene anaphedwa ndi lynching.