Markus Wolf: Wambiri, ntchito, zithunzi

Kodi mukudziwa amene anali mtsogoleri wa nzeru yabwino mu dziko? Markus Wolf ndi ndani? Timanena za mutu wa Main Intelligence Dipatimenti za banja lake ndi moyo.

yonena

Markus Wolf anabadwa 01.19.1923 m'tauni ya Hechingen. Iye anakula kuchokera m'banja la madokotala ndi Wolemba wina. Pambuyo Hitler anayamba kulamulira wotchuka chifukwa zotenga malankhulidwe bambo Marcus anakhala ku Germany kunali koopsa.

Kupita ku Russia

Atakhala kwa kanthawi Sweden ndi France, Wolff anasamukira ku likulu Russian. Pali iwo anapatsidwa nzika Soviet. Pambuyo banja Wachiwiri World nkhondo Marcus anali anasamutsidwa kuti Bashkiria. Kumeneko, Markus Wolf anapita ku sukulu yapadera kumene kukonzekera akatswiri pa nkhani ya nzeru ndi upandu kumbuyo mizere mdani.

Maphunziro ndi ntchito yoyamba

Titamaliza wa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, Markus Wolf anatumizidwa ku Berlin. M'chilimwe 1945, iye ankagwira ntchito pa wailesi Berlin ndi magazini ya "Berliner Zeitung". Mu 1946, pamodzi ndi kudzera zina, Wolf anapereka mafunso mayesero Nuremberg.

Ndi 1950, Marcus anali luso zamtendere ndi ntchito mtolankhani, komanso kuyendera mayiko a ku Ulaya. 02.08.1950 zaka pambuyo mapangidwe a GDR, analengedwa Dipatimenti ya chitetezo cha dziko ( "Stasi"). Zikuphatikizapo kufufuza, amabisa nthawi yoyamba mu matchalitchi amene amati ndi chuma mabungwe maphunziro. Popeza penipeni, Markus Wolf anakhala gawo la kasamalidwe ake.

Kuyambira 1958 mpaka 1987, mwana wa Wolemba wina anaikidwa mutu wa chachikulu lachinsinsi logwira utsogoleri, ndipo anali wachiwiri mtumiki wa chitetezo cha dziko la GDR. Pa kasamalidwe wake wa German Democratic Republic ali zothandiza kwambiri kazitape utumiki mu madera a ku Warsaw ke. Kupita patsogolo kwambiri yoyang'anira monga NATO chipangizo zachuma Rainer Rupa.

n'kosakhudzana ndi kuwonongedwa

Mu 1983, Wolf kutsanzika, koma pempho yake ankaona patapita zaka 3. Pambuyo pa reunification la Germany Mutu wa ku Central Intelligence Markus Wolf, anapempha pogona umoyo ndale ku Soviet Union, koma anakana.

woukira boma

Mkuluyu adaona autopsy nzeru yachokera, kuzunzidwa kwa anzake, komanso kuti apulumuke 3 mayesero yekha. Wapolisiyo-General Marcus Wolf mlandu woukira boma mkulu. Mu 1993, iye analamulidwa ndi High Court of Düsseldorf kwa zaka 6 m'ndende. chigamulochi patapita zimafika.

Books Wolf

A ambiri mabuku olembedwa Markus Wolf. Wambiri ya General muli zambiri zokhudza. Wotchuka mabuku ake kuti: "Troika" ndi "Anzanga simufa." Olemba yamasika akuimira mu Russia.

Markus Wolf (zaka za moyo - 1923-2006), monga mmene tidaonera, si katswiri Scout, komanso wolemba kwambiri.

Zabwino zonse pa mbali ya Marcus

Kuyambira zaka za moyo wa Scout akumwetulira sizinatheke. Wotchuka zokwanira bwalo lake anali Markus Wolf. Banja, monga taonera kale, ankadziwika zikomo kwa atate wake, Wolemba wina, wolemba ndi Myuda. Mu 1937, iye anamangidwa ndi unyinji wa ukapolo ndale, Marcus banja anakhalabe pa lalikulu. Sinali fluke lomaliza. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pambuyo pa zochitika za m'chaka cha 37 cha tsogolo mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro Scout anali oyera mwamtheradi pamaso boma.

Mwayi Wolff ndipo pambuyo maphunziro linzake. Titamaliza maphunziro anam'tumiza mzere kutsogolo. Poyamba, m'gululi pafupifupi onse wachibwana anatumizidwa Kuchita anafa. Ndi kuyamika chigamulo cha kasamalidwe Marcus moyobe.

ntchito dizzying

Akukhulupirira kuti Wolff wamanga ndi ntchito amazipanga zozizwitsa. Pa zaka makumi awiri ndi anayi, anakhala mtsogoleri wa GDR nzeru. Marcus kukambirana ntchito yake chidwi ndi Malemba amanenera za iye zolemba pamaphunziro. Wolf yekha sanayambe ndemanga pa ntchito yake anagona. Pa funso la atasankhidwa, iye ankayankha dryly ndi mwachidule.

Chifukwa mosanyinyirika ndi moyo pambuyo pake

Chifukwa chenicheni cha yosiya akhala chinsinsi lero. Amadziwika kuti mu 1986, Markus Wolf ankakhulupirira kuti boma akusowa kukonzanso owolowa manja ndi GDR utsogoleri ankaganiza mosiyana. Akunena kuti ndi chifukwa kusiya, chifukwa zaka Marcus kanthu, ndi GDR, anali pa ubwenzi wabwino. Kuwonjezera yosiya Wolf iye analimbikitsa kuti msilikali-General.

Monga ife anafotokoza kale, popeza atapita penshioni ndi Markus Wolf anachita chidwi mu kulemba mabuku. Der Trojka - kope yake yotchuka, imene anadzudzula Stalinism ndi kuzizwa anayankha za Gorbachev a perestroika. General Wolf N'kutheka wokhulupirika, chifukwa ankadziwa zokhudza Stalinism kuposa ena. Ntchito imeneyi zinatchuka osati GDR, komanso mu West.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Wolf pambuyo buku wakhala mmodzi wa otsutsa waukulu ndi ozimitsa kwa kukonzanso kum'mawa Germany.

Man Popanda Akusoŵa

"Munthu Popanda Nkhope" - ndi pseudonym kotero West wakhala dzina lake Markus Wolf. Photo wa msilikali-General sakanakhoza kulowa m'gululi lapansi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pamene Wolf kuyenda momasuka kuzungulira Europe. Mu 1979 wothandizira Marcus anathawira ku Germany ndi kuzindikiridwa abwana ake pa chimodzi cha zithunzi atengedwa mu Stockholm. Posakhalitsa, chithunzi ichi anaonekera pa chikuto cha magazini.

Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Scout ndi

Monga tidanena kale, nthawi zina Scout wamng'ono ankakhala Soviet Union. Ndi chifukwa chake iwo ukutchedwa Misha, monga dzina la Marcus kwambiri "kudula" mphekesera.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Russian sukulu German mnyamata anakumbukira kwa nthawi yaitali. Amazipanga, yopemphera ku sukulu adachita za zitatu dazeni la galamala, zopumira ndi kalembedwe zolakwika mu pakamwa Russian, ndipo ngakhale nkhani ine flunked mayeso pa ... German! Mpaka mapeto a moyo wake Marcus momasuka popanda Chitaliyana kulankhula Chirasha, ndipo ngakhale kudziwa malamulo kalembedwe.

Marcus Banja. Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Amadziwika kuti moyo wake Wolf anakwatiwa kanayi. Dzina lotsiriza la mkazi wake Andrea. Anali ndi ana anayi, adzukulu khumi ndi awiri zidzukulutudzi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti imodzi mwa zidzukulu Scout dzina Michael ngati mwana ndi ankadzitcha Marcus. Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake anakhala mu reconnaissance Berlin mu Villa ndi banja lake. zapakhomo ku Villa a ali mmodzi wa anthu omwe ankakhala oletsedwa, kenako anakhala m'banja, osangoti aboma.

Mu zaka zingapo wake womaliza Marcus ankakonda kumasuka ku Hungary ndi kukumana ndi anzake akale pa khofi. Ngakhale wokalamba, mu zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Wolf amafunsa nkhani ndipo analimbikira pa Amnesty lathunthu m'gululi kale. Ndipotu, ambiri abwenzi, anzake ndi comrades Marcus anali Kutsekeledwa ndipo patapita zaka zikwi-ziwiri.

munthu chachinsinsi

Ngakhale malamulo German, penshioni yaperekedwa ndi paltry nzeru antchito. Markus Wolf kum'patsa zaka khumi ndi zisanu zomalizira za moyo wake kudzera mabuku kulemba, omwe anamasuliridwa m'zinenero onse a dziko, komanso kujambula mabuku ndi anakamba. Ofufuza kuti amasirira awo pankhani mabuku olembedwa Markus Wolf. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti wolemba ali ndi luso lapadera la owerenga, ndi Scout. Iye ankadziwa kunena zoona kotero kuti pambuyo kuwerenga anali ndi mafunso kuposa mayankho.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti atalemba Wolf mabuku autobiographical ndi kumagwira kujambula wa mabuku, anadzibisa akhala chinsinsi.

Wolf pa mafunso

Wolf ankasiyana osati talente wapadera kulemba mabuku. Amadziwika kuti isanafike pantchito yake, iye anali ndi mafunso sanali kuulula anzake ndipo nthawi zonse anatenga chala. Marcus wakhala akukhulupirira kuti kuchita chinthu chabwino, monga zimenezo. Pakuti kuona mtima mlandu wake wotsiriza salinso wamng'ono General, ngakhale mlandu, koma anaikidwa penshioni mwachilungamo yaing'ono.

Ngakhale zonse, moyo wa Marcus adali mu Russian. Iye sanasiye kukonda mkazi wake. Ndi ndi izi ndi zokhudzana nzeru zake zabwino chinenero, ngakhale kuti papita zaka zambiri kuchokera nthawi ya nyumba yake uko. Mpaka zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, General zonse kunyumba kwa mchemwali wake, amene anali kukhala Embankment mu Moscow, ndi kusirira mzinda Russian.

Zokumbukira kwambiri omveka

Atamufunsa asanamwalire, mtolankhani anafunsa Wolff za kukumbukira yowala ubwana. N'zosadabwitsa Marcus ananena kuti ambiri losaiwalika mwambo - ndi kugwirizana Young Communist League, komanso msasa chilimwe.

Great umunthu

Zosaneneka munthu Markus Wolf. Chaka chobadwa ndi imfa analekanitsa zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zinayi, amene Markus adadziwa munthu, wolemba ndi wapolisi nzeru ndi likulu kalata. Ngakhale zovuta za moyo, Wolf amapeza bwino chaka chilichonse. Ngakhale kuti aphedwe, iye anali amazipanga yogwira ndi zabwino munthu. Iye nthawi zonse amafuna kulankhula ndi anthu ndi malangizo. Wolf ali ndi nzeru zosaneneka ndi angathetse vuto lililonse. Iye nthawizonse wakhala moona mtima ndi mosakondera. Amazipanga, sanasiye anzake. Munthu wamkulu ali kwambiri kuphunzira.