Mawonekedwe koyamba mneni: zambiri, chizindikiritso ndi kufufuza

Kulankhula pa mtundu woyambirira wa mneni (Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa indeterminate kapena infinitive). Mumadziwa ndi chifukwa mu dongosolo kudziŵa zambiri anthu a mtundu woyambirira wa mneni wa - iyi ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu, katundu mwankhanza.

ndi mneni Kodi

Amene kale sukulu ya sekondale ndipo anali kwambiri kuiwala, ndi ofunika ponena: mneni ndi mbali ya mawu, kufotokoza kanthu. Ndinawerenga, pita, kuchita, kulemba, utoto, akhala akuyesetsa - mawu onsewa ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zosiyana yekha ndi zizindikiro zawo.

About mneni

Galamala Russian kasewenzetsedwe ka mau pali 7 Zizindikiro: pha, mbali, munthu, maganizo, jenda, chiwerengero, chikole; Nthawi zambiri ankamuona ngati mbali ndi conjugation. Osati iliyonse cholondola kulankhula za mbali inayake chabe za aliyense. Makamaka, ndi tensi yakale amakhala ndi kusapezeka kwa munthu, ndi kukhala ndi tsogolo, kupanga izo kulibe tanthauzo lililonse kulankhula za mtundu wa mneni.

Phunzirani zizindikiro izi, zosiyana kwa wina ndi mzake komanso kuthekera conjugation ndi tanthauzo popanda wakhala chinthu chachikulu: kodi mtundu woyambirira wa mneni. N'chimodzimodzi ndi tanthauzo limeneli waima mfundo indeterminate maonekedwe ndi mawu akuti "infinitive".

Infinitive akufotokoza mneni mu dikishonare. fomu iyi si anaitanapo pulayimale - kwenikweni ndi poyambira liwunikidwenso mbali imeneyi ya kulankhula. Mafunso njira yoyamba ya mneni - "Kodi ndichite chiyani?" Ndipo "Kodi ndichite chiyani?". Zitsanzo za infinitive kuti: apite ndi kukhululukira, kudula ndi kubwera akuthamanga, kusiya ndi kubwerera, kusiya uone. Chabwino, tsopano inu mukhoza kuyankhula za kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zambiri, Kupenda zizindikiro zawo.

Pa nkhope ndi nthawi

Kuthana ndi munthu wa mneni (3) chabe mwa liwulo kwenikweni amene akunena kanthu anafotokoza. Nkhope amasonyeza mtima wa anauza njira mosalekeza. Choyamba chimodzi - ndi mchitidwe wa kuwadziwitsa: udzapite. Chimodzimodzi mu mochulukitsa - kanthu gulu kuti malipoti: udzapite. Wachiwiri kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kufotokoza zimene munthu wina kuti gulu limene iye: chiyani, pita, kodi kupita. Munthu wachitatu, kaya chiwerengero - izo akuloza anthu wosaloleka amene sali nawo kukambirana kuti: Kodi ndipite, kodi kupita. Kuwona munthu kunyamula mneni, kodi lolingana nauni kapena puronauni.

nthawi mneni zimaonetsa maganizo a nthawi pamene anachita kanthu anafotokoza. Pali 3 mitundu ya mneni, kuimira, zakale ndi za mtsogolo. Zitsanzo za kasewenzetsedwe ka mau pachibwenzi: pita, kuchita. Pakuti kale ndi tsogolo tenses options ofanana: kuyenda, kuchita, adzapita, adzachite.

Nkofunika kukumbukira! Mawonekedwe koyamba mneni - yosaoneka. Ndi infinitive ndilo inapplicable ziphunzitso za munthu, nambala nthawi.

Rhode mneni tilili ake

Anasintha kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zimachitika osati manambala, anthu kapena nthawi, komanso jenda, ngati nauni. Pali mitundu itatu: wamkazi, wamwamuna, pakati - kudziwa tanthauzo la mneni kwa iwo kungatithandizenso kumwa ndi puronauni kapena chachikazi. Zizindikiro mtundu wa mneni amapezeka mwapadera mu tensi yakale ndipo watsimikiza kumapeto, kuyenda, anadutsa apo, anachita. Ndi infinitive Mawu akuti lingaliro la mtundu sichiri.

Khalidwe n'kofunika ndingaliro ake mneni, omwe mwina zimasonyeza, kuyesetsa kapena makonzedwe. Ntchito maganizo zimasonyeza, fotokozani ntchito zomwe kapena nthawi chinachitika, kapena zikuchitika tsopano kapena zidzachitika m'tsogolo. Zitsanzo za zimasonyeza maganizo kasewenzetsedwe ka mau: kupita, adzapita, kodi, kodi, adzachite. malipoti makonzedwe zochita kufunika kapena amene zitheka akamaziwononga. Mu mapangidwe maziko makonzedwe ndi mtundu woyambirira wa mneni popanda mathero, suffix "L" ndi tinthu "kuti". Zitsanzo za makonzedwe: kuyenda angachite. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kuyesetsa Ili ndi lamulo, lamulo, kuitana kwa kanthu. Zitsanzo: Kodi, kupita kukatenga! Nthawi zambiri kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amenewa kuwonjezera pa tinthu "oyankhulidwa" imene imayamba mitigates motere: kupanga miniti, tiyeni!

Za mitundu mneni

Malinga wake mawu a malingaliro akhoza zimachitika wangwiro ndi wopanda ungwiro. Ungwiro zimaonetsa kanthu popanda kutchula iliyonse ku mapeto ake, ndipo mu mawonekedwe a infinitive kuti iwo adzagwira ntchito funso Zitsanzo "Ndichite chiyani?": Kuyenda, kuyandikira. Mu mawonekedwe wangwiro, zitsanzo zimenezi omwewo amaoneka mosiyana: .. Pitani jambulani, T kuno kufotokoza kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kanthu anamaliza. Funso limene chingagwiritsidwe infinitive awo - "Kodi ndichite chiyani?".

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ambiri achilendo kwa mitundu onse: utoto, jambulani, kutentha, kutentha, kudya, adye. Komabe, pali kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi lopanda madzi. Izi, makamaka, kuti "a" - pali lingaliro ungwiro zotheka. Kapena "muthanso" - mawu awa M'malo mwake, chiyenera kukhala mu mawonekedwe wangwiro. Palinso dvuvidovye kasewenzetsedwe ka mau (zimenezo zimaphatikizapo "aphe") - imene mtengo wa mitundu onse pamodzi. Nthawi zambiri ngati dvuvidovyh mneni kutha mu mawonekedwe koyamba zikuwoneka ngati "-irovat" ( "amasamukira").

Transitive ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau

Katundu monga chosakhalitsa ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau akusonyeza ubwenzi wake ndi zinthu zina. Lingaliro la Transitional limasonyeza kukhalapo kwa chinthu kanthu. Zitsanzo za kasewenzetsedwe ka mau transitive: kumeneko (msuzi), kuwerenga (magazini) - apa msuzi ndi magazini ndi zinthu kanthu. Intransitive mneni akusonyeza pakalibe ntchito chinthu. Zitsanzo wa mneni intransitive - kuntchito, moyo (a chinthu yeniyeni imene ntchito zimenezi, ayi). Nkhani yapadera ya kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive - kubwerera; pano umagwira ntchito pa nthawi yomweyo ali ndi za amene anawauza. Mu milandu, mawonekedwe koyamba mneni itha "Xia": kusambira, kuseka, nkhawa.

mneni belo kuganizira ubale pakati pa nzika ndi zinthu kanthu. Yogwira mawu amadziwika kapangidwe yogwira. Mwachitsanzo: mphaka ankadya nsomba. Cat (nkhani) sanachite kanthu yogwira pa chinthu (nsomba), chikolecho Mawu akuti "kudya" lenileni. Lingaliro lomwelo anakonza mosiyana: nsomba adya mphaka. Mapulani, mosiyana ndi wina m'mbuyomu, ndi kungokhala chete, choncho ndikulonjeza mneni izo - chabe.

Ndipo kamodzinso za infinitive ndi

Kudziwa makhalidwe a kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, ndi infinitive ndi kulankhula za mwatsatanetsatane. Kodi kudziwa mtundu woyambirira wa mneni? Zapamwamba - kufunsa funso. Ngati poyerekezera ndi zimene anachita ndi wina angafunse kuti: "Kodi kuchita" Kapena "Kodi kuchita" limatanthauza verebu kuti limafotokoza chinthu ndi chosadziwika. Onse infinitive ankaona mbali chibadidwe okha maonekedwe ndi katundu monga transitivity ndi reflexivity.

infinitive mapangidwe amapezeka powonjezera zoyambirira suffix ku muzu wa mawu. Chitsanzo koyamba suffix mawonekedwe mneni - "Ti", "-t", "-ch". Zitsanzo za infinitive kuti: kukwera, kunyamula, uvuni.

Conjugation wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau

Conjugation wa mneni imatchedwa kusintha ake malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi ndikulemba analemba, ife kulemba, etc. Aliyense mneni akhoza zimachitika kwa conjugation woyamba kapena wachiwiri; .. kudziwa za Chalk muyenera kuti Mulimonsemo yeniyeni kukwaniritsa kalembedwe zolondola. Zolakwa m'kati conjugation makamaka zingachitikire zinachitikira mathero unstressed wa mneni.

Kudziwa conjugations zolondola muyenera kudziwa mawonekedwe koyamba mneni. conjugation Choyamba ziwalo zonsezi kulankhula ndi mapeto a "-ovat" - kuphunzitsa dziwitsani. The conjugation chomwecho mwini angapo kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kutha mu "-et", "-at", "-yat" ndi "kugona" ndi "amete" (kothera "-it"). Chachiwiri conjugation wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau onse mathero "-it", kupatulapo amene tatchula kale. Iwo zina kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi kothera "-at" ndi "-yat" ngati maganizo imagwera pa iwo (kunama, aimirira). Chachiwiri conjugation wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau limabweretsa mbali ina (onani, chidani, etc ...), Amene angathe sizikugwirizana pansi mfundo iliyonse - ayenera kukhala zosavuta kukumbukira. Kudziwa malamulo a conjugation wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau - ndicho chinsinsi kalembedwe ka yolondola, ndi lamulo kulemba. Mwa njira, osati infinitive inflected ndipo sasintha malingana ndi anthu ndi manambala.

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau m'sentensi

Udindo wa mbali imeneyi ya kulankhula m'chiganizo angakhale osiyana. Nthawi zambiri, mneni amachita monga wamba (yosavuta) mkhalidwe: "Dipo adagula chakudya." Pali milandu yambiri ya zovuta wapakamwa mkhalidwe: "Vanya anaganiza kuthamanga kwa sitolo." Mkhalidwe Pankhaniyi amakhala dongosolo lonse (anaganiza kuthamanga), ndipo mneni chachiwiri infinitive anapereka m'menemo. Nthawi zina mneni akhoza kuchita matanthauzo monga kosagwirizana: "Ine sindimakonda lingaliro kuti apite kumeneko" (kupita kumeneko - tanthauzo pabanja agwirizana).

Chirasha ndi wapadera kuti amalola zovuta kwambiri, kwenikweni wosangalatsa kamangidwe. "Tinagwirizana kutumiza kupita kupeza kugula chakumwa" - kupereka kasewenzetsedwe ka mau 6, 5 amene ali infinitive ndi kotheratu ndipo mogwirizana ndi galamala. Alendo akulira!

Pomaliza

Ambiri asayansi-akatswiri a zinenero agwirizana kuti mawu oyamba olankhulidwa ndi munthu wakale, mawu. N'zokayikitsa kuti makolo athu kutali yovuta imeneyo zinali zofunika mu lotanthauzira mawu a adjectives pofotokoza kukongola kwa nyenyezi, ndi manauni zambiri mosavuta m'malo ndi akuloza manja mwa malangizo awo. Koma lamulo "Thamanga!" Wangwiro tribesman akanakhoza bwino bwino kupulumutsa moyo, mawu akuti "ndikufuna" ndi gulu lolinganiza motsogozedwa mitembo amphamvu komanso atolepo mudziko la mawu. Wosowa pachimake mneni chimodzi chokha mosavuta m'malo Ziwalo zina zonse za kulankhula.

Mwa njira, njira zamakono kuphunzira zilankhulo ali adati monga kuphunzira patsogolo pa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau njira yaikulu ya mawu zosowa anthu. Mwachibadwa, ndi kuchigwiritsa kukhala ndi chidziwitso chabwino mbali imeneyi ya kulankhula, makhalidwe awo ndi katundu. A udindo wapadera mu kuphunzira mneni masewero infinitive.