Mbalame Hussars. Polish Mbalame Hussars. History of Zida

Woyamba yokokedwa gulu la Zitsulo inakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi nthawi yofanana ndi boma Polish. Mu theka lachiwiri la 10 la - m'ma 11, Poland pa mapu Ages Middle anali boma yaing'ono. Ambiri wotanganidwa osiyana mafuko Asilavo. Kumpoto kwa ufumu wa Poland malire ndi Prussia ndi knightly malamulo, kum'mawa - ndi Kievan Lazaro, kum'mwera - ufumu Chihangare.

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale kudziwa za otchedwa "unyolo zida brigades" nthawi Choyamba Mieszko ndi Boleslaw wolimba. Chifukwa apakavalo ake amphamvu ufumu wa Poland si anazindikira mwa dongosolo la Lupanga ndi Teuton ngati mdani. Koma anansi - Lithuanians - kupanga ukulu wawo anali wolemera mankhwala kavalo, monga unali kuunika apakavalo, m'mene zida javelins ndi zibonga. Choncho, iwo sanathe kuletsa lolemera apakavalo lamba wa pamimba, kulola malamulo kulanda ena Asilavo gawo ndi Prussians.

Polish hussars - osasamba apakavalo

Pa nkhondo ya Grunwald July 15, 1410 pa malamulo knightly ndi Ufumu wa Poland mu mgwirizano ndi Chilituyaniya ukulu chopereka zikuluzikulu chigonjetso anapanga Chitata apakavalo kuti kukakamiza anaswa Akhristu chitetezo.

Pa ndi zaka makumi atatu nkhondo ndi Sweden zaka 1630-1660 wa asilikali Polish ananyamula wolembedwa ntchito yakulipidwa osasamba apakavalo wa Lithuanians, Chitata, Serbia, Hungarians ndi mayiko ena. Iwo anali asilikali kwambiri, amene mukudziwa momwe ntchito chochitika chilichonse yabwino osati okonda nkhondo ndi mdani itaikidwa mwadongosolo. Koma Sweden, omwe analibe mtundu wa asilikali, kwambiri adawopa kukhudzana ndi apakavalo kufikako a ogwirizana ndi - Cossacks.

Mu zaka za m'ma 16 Polish apakavalo inkakhala kavalo kwambiri mankhwala ndi kuwala zidutswa osasamba, zimene zinaphatikizapo Chitata, Zaporozhtzi, Serb Chilituyaniya Moldovans ndi anthu ena. Izi mayunitsi asilikali ndi kuwonedwa mu nkhondo zambiri ndi nkhondo. Kujambula Polish apakavalo mbali osasamba nthawi zonse wakhala nkhani ya nthawi.

Rzeczpospolita - ndi mapangidwe latsopano pa mapu a ku Ulaya

Pamene ogwirizana Poland ndi Lithuania, panali otchedwa Rzeczpospolita, lomwe ndi kuteteza kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa malire atha apakavalo mayunitsi latsopano opepuka kuposa kopeynye ongokhala okwera titadziwa. M'dongosolo latsopano la chitetezo malire unkatchedwa "waponya-mzere", mkulu wake atasankhidwa Petra Myshkovskogo. Choncho, choyamba anadza hussars Polish. Kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe mayunitsi asilikali anakopa alendo, monga Serbia, ndipo anayamba kutenga mmbuyo ndi Zitsulo.

Hussar kawirikawiri ogaŵikana pikemen ndi oponya mivi monga mwa magawo oyambirira a bungwe la chitetezo la malire sikokwanira katundu apakavalo. Choncho, kuwala kugwirizana hussar anaphunzira nkhondo yowirira ndi skirmishing.

Pang'ono anadzakhala zofala hussars mayunitsi asilikali mu Commonwealth. Asilikali Polish kuwaika mu kapangidwe kake pamodzi ndi knightly apakavalo. Aliyense mkondo kapena bwenzi (ku njira Polish "wogwirizana") anabwera kwa asilikali, pamodzi ndi anthu oponya mivi ochepa, anaitana paholikami. Iwo akhoza kukhala anthu 2 14 kapena kuposa. Panali milandu pafupipafupi pamene mkondo akhoza kubwera yekha, unaccompanied. Armament paholiku anagula comrade, chifukwa zida akhala zosiyanasiyana.

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 16 chifukwa cha kupezeka mu Europe zida zankhondo za kufunika apakavalo katundu anagwera. Choncho, wotchuka Polish Mfumu Stefan Batory, ndi nthumwi cleverest ndi mkulu skilful, ndipo anayamba kusintha asilikali, kuphatikizapo apakavalo.

Magwero a Polish osankhika mayunitsi apakavalo

Wotchuka pakati pa Polish otchuka hussar gawo yosintha mu cuirassier apakavalo. Izi kugwirizana osankhika anayamba eni malo olemera. Aliyense wa iwo ayenera kubweretsa pamodzi ndi 4-paholikov. Polish Mbalame Hussars anali ndi kavalo wabwino. Kupita ku nkhondo, iwo anali kugwiritsa ntchito mkondo, zida ndi mapadi m'zigongono, chisoti, kanthawi mfuti, saber kapena broadsword. Childs, pamwamba zida comrades ankavala zikopa za nyama zosiyanasiyana. Pa zojambula wakale zambiri kuonedwa ngati hussar mapiko atavala khungu kambuku, nyalugwe, chimbalangondo, nkhandwe ndi nyama zina.

mapiko Alonda

Comrades ndi paholiki zambiri ankavala pa kapangidwe zida za mapiko. Izo zikhoza kukhala pa mapiko a Turkey, tsekwe kapena mphungu. Poyamba linapangidwa mapiko pang'ono kuti anali Ufumuyo chishango kapena pa pommel wa chishalo kumbuyo. Akukhulupirira kuti pa kayendedwe ka nthenga linatulutsa phokoso zosasangalatsa kwa akavalo wosaphunzitsidwa mdani. Coney adani anakwiya anakana kumvera malamulo a okwera pa - mdani mzere unasweka mu madera osiyana a kusalankhula.

M'zaka za m'ma 17 hussar yunifolomu anasintha: mapiko kukhala wamkulu ndipo ayamba Ufumuyo zida mmbuyo ndi kukangamira pa mutu wa wokwera pa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mapiko ndi mwayi zina - chitetezo ku wokwera lasso ndi mitigating Impact pamene waponya. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti mapiko lalikulu ndi zikopa za nyama, kuvala chida cha wankhondo, anayenera kulichotsera mdani wa. kungolota Izi umboni m'mbiri.

Mmodzi wa ophunzira kunkhondo poyerekeza regiments Polish, makamaka apakavalo mapiko pa Vienna mu 1683, zomwe zinachititsa kuukira asilikali Turkey, ndi makamu a angelo, wotsikayo kuchokera kumwamba kulanga ochimwa. Olemba mbiri ena amakhulupirira kuti mwambo uwu wachokera ku lakutali Asia ndi kufalikira kwa Ottoman.

Mapangidwe ndi Polish mayunitsi hussar

Hussar mbendera anali anthu osankhika asilikali a Rzeczpospolita. Iye anathamanga mkulu mbendera, wachiwiri wake anali msilikali kazembe anali ataima m'munsiyi, ndipo wamng'ono anali lamulo malo anga.

Mbalame Alonda sanakhalepo zambiri, monga muli munthu wankhondo ngati (kavalo, zida ndi zida) odula kwambiri. Ndalama mukanatha kugula mfuti zikwi ndi mlandu kwa iwo kapena khumi 6-pounders. Chotero kunali regiments oposa awiri kapena squadrons wa hussars mapiko (osapitirira 700-800 anthu) aliyense Corps asilikali.

Zida Polish hussars

paholikov zida ikupitirizabe likuvutika comrades wake, iwo anali ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zida. Wokwera pawiri apakavalo owerengedwa 50-120. Ngakhale m'mayiko European phasing kunja makope hussars mapiko anapitiriza kuwagwiritsa ntchito. chochekera kutalika mamita 6-6.5, ndipo icho chinali chida yoopsa kwambiri.

M'zaka za m'ma 17 mfuti anali akadali achikale. Mfuti pambuyo kuwombera mfuti kapena chipolopolo patali kawirikawiri igunda chandamale, ndi kutsegulaso zinamutengera nthawi yambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo hussars mapiko anakwanitsa kugonjetsa mtunda kwa mdani ndi multimeter wake mkondo anaberekera mdani alibe nthawi kudzutsa mphamvu chida ndipo alibe kuchitiridwa saber kapena lupanga, amene akhoza sangaime mikondo yaitali ndi apakavalo mphamvu mmene.

Nkhondo zambiri mbiri chifukwa chakuti ichi adagonja ndi nkhondo yoopsayo, monga Nkhondo ya Klushino mu 1610 ndi asilikali a Sweden kapena nkhondo ndi Russian pa Chozizwitsa mu 1660.

Kuwonjezera makope mu hussars anali saber, lupanga kutalika mamita 1.7 kuti zida kupyoza mdani ndi pistoles awiri, wokwera pa holsters chishalo ndi mauta.

Hussar yunifolomu anali wokongola kwambiri, anali gilded zithunzi pa chifuwa kumanzere - Amayi a Mulungu, kumanja - mtanda wa Katolika. Koma kuwonjezera pa kukongola iye anafunika kuteteza mbuye wake. zida Hussar akhoza kulimbana kuwombera mwachindunji ku musket pa mtunda wa ankangoyendayenda makumi awiri, ndipo kuchokera kumbuyo, iwo anali moti kwa mpirawo mwachindunji mfuti.

Kuipa kwa hussars Polish

Komabe, palibe mbali wothandiza ndi kuwala oyenda apakavalo hussars mapiko anasonyeza kuti m'zigawo zosavuta mopepuka wokwera amene, kutha akamagwiritsa, ndi kumanzere pini hussar mzere ndi mbali kumbuyo kapena kum'menya. Mu njira iyi anagonjetsedwa asilikali Polish, zomwe zinali hussar ya General Gordon, akuthamanga Sokolnicki ndi Baron Odta mu nkhondo ya Slobodischem ndi Zaporizhzhya Cossack regiments.

Komanso mbiri boma kudziwika zoona, pamene polimbana Wallenstein anapemphera Mfumu Sigismund III kumtumizako sanalonjeze 10000-12000 mapiko hussars, ndi nambalayi wa Cossacks.

Polish Hussars monga zinachitika wa Russian apakavalo

Polish mapiko apakavalo anakhala zinachitika kuti anali atalenga Russian osankhika hussar apakavalo mu zoyambirira za m'ma 17. Russian hussar detachment a 735 apakavalo analengedwa mu 1634. Mpheroyi magulu atatu apakavalo akuthamanga Khovanskii Prince, Prince Mescheretskogo ndi mkulu wa Rila. gulu anatumikira mu Tula.

Mu mbiri ya choncho pamene mu 1654, pa mbali Russian wadutsa za chikwi hussars mapiko molamulidwa ndi Keele.

Poland m'zaka 18 ndi asilikali Napoleon ndi

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka 18-19, ndi mayunitsi Polish pamodzi ndi asilikali French ikuchitika nkhondo ndi Italy ndi Germany. Izi mapangidwe asilikali wotchedwa Danube ndi Chitaliyana magulu. Iwo anali maziko yopanga wotchuka Vislskogo Legiyo. Mu 1809, a Polish asilikali kwa zaka za m'ma 18 wodzilemekeza ndi Hussars awiri analenga polimbana Poniatowski wotchedwa Galicia. Koma mu 1812 Poniatowski analamulira hussar ali m'magulu atatu. Kumene, zimenezi sizinali hussars mapiko, mantha kwa Ulaya, ndi apakavalo kuwala.
Komanso hussars Polish anali m'madera a asilikali Napoleonic:

• Awiri Hussars Brune mbali ya nyumba ya;
• wina Hussars Regiment mu brigade Syubervi;
• zaka 1813-1814 Polish kuwala apakavalo anali mu mkhalidwe 8 Corps Poniatowski ndi 4 Kelerman nyumba.

Polish Army regiments wofunika pakati adzasonkhanitsa Napoleon a. Mwachitsanzo, kumanga Poniatowski, amene patsogolo msewu akale Smolensk, Kutuzov anakankha September 5, 1812 kutapa pa Shevardino redoubt. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha nkhondo ya Borodino, imene Zitsulo anatha bwinobwino kutenga m'mudzi Utitsa.

Poland ndi apakavalo ake mu XX atumwi

Atagonjetsedwa ndi chiwonongeko cha Napoleon mu 1814, Poland pa mapu a ku Ulaya pafupifupi kwina. Iwo unagawidwa m'magulu pakati Russia ndi Austria-Hungary, komanso Ufumu wa Prussia.

Poland ufulu wodzilamulira ake okha mu 1917, nthawi yomweyo izo kachiwiri anapanga hussar apakavalo regiments. Ngakhale mu 1914 hussars Polish kumenyana mbali ya Russian Ufumu kumbali ya Austria. Pamene Legiyo Polish analamula Pilsudski. hussars awa anali wakhama mu nkhondo ya pachiweniweni Russia mu Siberia pamene asilikali Kolchak a. mayunitsi Hussar zinali kuonekera nkhondo ndi asilikali a Tukhachevsky mu 1920.

History of hussars Polish mapiko inatha mu 1939, patatha miyezi nkhondo wamagazi ndi apakavalo ndi likulu sabers la Poland anaikidwa ndi akasinja - Warsaw.

Chidwi mbiri mfundo za hussars mapiko

Polish hussar apakavalo m'zaka 16-19 awiri chidwi maudindo: mu Commonwealth ankatchedwa elearami ndi adani - zouluka hussars, amene, chifukwa cha mapiko kumbuyo kwenikweni zouluka pa nkhondo.

Komanso hussars oyaka chidwi aliyense ndi maganizo ake. Zimenezi ovuta kuwamvetsa kupusa. Choncho, asilikali a Ivan m'khutu mwakhala pafupi Kazan, anabwera chisokonezo chachikulu pakuwona Cossacks yachilendo - Hussars, festooned ndi nthenga ndi zikopa za nyama zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira nyalugwe kubala. Ambiri mwa asilikali akhanyerezera kuti aona kutsogolo kwa Amwenye, osati apakavalo ano.

Monga masiku ano pafupifupi ana onse akufuna kukhala chombo kapena paratroopers, ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19 pafupifupi achinyamata Polish anafuna kukhala hussars. Koma anali ankapoperamo osankhika, kuti atenge kwambiri. Iwo anali ndi kukula mkulu ndi kukula kwa thupi, othamanga ndi apakavalo wabwino ndi usilikali, ndipo chuma wamakhalidwe ndalama, ngati hussar anali okongola ndipo mtengo kavalidwe (osankhika pambuyo pa zonse!), Kodi ndi kavalo, ndi zina mahatchi angapo, ndi onse zida zina zofunika ndi zida chomaliza koma osati chosafunikira chinthu - mosaopa. Pachifukwa chabwino Lannes, asilikali polimbana wa Napoleon, anati nthawi imene hussars, amene anali ndi zaka makumi atatu ndi iye si koma akufa, - zinyalala, osati hussar.

The chikumbukiro cha apakavalo mapiko

Koma hussars mapiko sanapite ndithu zapitazi. Pakuti anthu Polish, asilikali amenewa zinali zabwino, olimba ndi wolimba zokometsera a dziko lawo ndi dziko lawo. Chifukwa nthawi yake, ndi apakavalo anali kwenikweni "chida mtheradi" kuthetsa mikangano zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo.

Mfulu ndi osankhika regiments Mbalame Alonda kwambiri adalowa kukumbukira osati Poland, komanso onse okhala limati oyandikana. Iwo anali ndi ali otchuka mitundu mibadwo yonse ya unyamata Polish.

Ngakhale tsopano, mu nthawi yathu, pali ndege nkhondowo wagawo amatchedwa Polish Makamu "Mbalame Hussars". Posachedwapa, Helicopters awa akhala wamakono kwambiri ndi kukonzanso zida chatsopano mivi odana ndi thanki ndi machitidwe moto kulamulira. Izi ndege Polish ndi chimodzi cha ndewu kwambiri mu dziko la ndege.