Mechanization ndi zochita zokha njira yopanga

Pulogalamu ya ulimi ndi njira zamakono ndi ndondomeko imene ulamuliro ndi kasamalidwe ntchito anachita ndi munthu akupereka zida ndi zipangizo. Zimenezi kwambiri Mwachangu a ntchito ndi mankhwala khalidwe. Komanso, amapereka kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira nawo malo osiyanasiyana mafakitale. Tiyeni tione zina zomwe zingachititse zokha ndi zochita zokha njira kupanga.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Paokha ukugwirira ntchito zipangizo - prototypes a dongosolo amakono basi - unayamba kuonekera ngakhale kalelo. Komabe, mpaka m'ma 18 zinali ponseponse artisanal ndi artisanal ntchito. Pa nkhani imeneyi, chotero "kudziletsa kuchita" chipangizo sanapezeke tiligwiritse ntchito. Mu 18 mochedwa - oyambirira 19 zaka. panali lakuthwa kulumpha mabuku ndi milingo kupanga. Mafakitale analenga zinthu kusintha njira ndi zipangizo, zida hardware kwa m'malo munthu.

Mechanization ndi zochita zokha njira yopanga

kusintha yemwe anabweretsa ndi Industrial utasintha, nkhawa kwenikweni nkhuni ndi processing zitsulo, kuluka, kuluka mafakitale. Mechanization ndi zochita zokha za njira yopanga akhala kwambiri kuphunzira ndi Marx. Iye anawawona iwo monga malangizo wachibadidwe latsopano ikuyendera. Iye ananena kuloza ku makina munthuyo automate zovuta zawo. Marx anati kuti munthu atathana sadziwa kudziletsa ndi kasamalidwe ntchito. The ntchito anaima pafupi ndi kupanga ndondomeko, asaaonerera izo. Zomwe waukulu anakhala Kutulukira Russian wasayansi Polzunova ndi English Albucasis Watt. Woyamba amalenga yang'anira zodziwikiratu kwa mphamvu kukatentha, ndipo chachiwiri - ndi centrifugal Mtsogoleri injini nthunzi kuthamanga. nthawi yaitali ntchito ndithu aluntha anakhalabe izidzawetedwa. Isanafike oyamba zokha m'malo ntchito yamanja ikuchitika mwa mechanization njira wothandiza ndi chachikulu.

Zinthu masiku ano

Pa gawo lino la chitukuko cha anthu kupanga dongosolo ndondomeko zochita zokha zochokera pa ntchito makompyuta komanso mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. Amathandiza kuchepetsa ndikachita nawo anthu zinthu kapena kwathunthu kuthetsa izo. Zolinga za zochita zokha njira yopanga monga kuwongolera ntchito, kuchepetsa nthawi imene iwo amafuna, kuchepetsa ndalama, kuwonjezera molondola ndi mtendere wa kanthu.

mfundo

Lero zokha njira yopanga akhala akuyendera m'madera ambiri a makampani. Kaya kukula ndi buku la ntchito za makampani, pafupifupi aliyense wa iwo amagwiritsa zipangizo mapulogalamu. Pali magulu osiyanasiyana zochita zokha. Komabe, pakuti onsewo ndi mfundo. Iwo amapereka zida ntchito bwino ntchito ndi zopanga malamulo kasamalidwe wamba. Mfundo, malinga ndi zimene zokha njira kupanga monga:

1. Kugwirizana. zochita zonse mu chimango cha ntchito ayenera pamodzi ndi mzake, kupita mu ndondomeko zina. Pankhani ya mismatch zikuoneka kuphwanya ndondomeko liwiro.
2. Kusakanikirana. ntchito Automatable ayenera kulowa m'nyumba chilengedwe chonse ntchito. Nthawi zina siteji ya kusakanikirana ndi ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma akamanena za mfundo imeneyi wosasintha. Zokha njira yopanga mu makampani ayenera kupereka mogwirizana ntchito ndi chilengedwe kunja.
3. ntchito ufulu. ntchito Automatable ayenera kuchitidwa paokha. nawo anthu mu si anapereka, kapena ayenera kukhala kochepa (kudziletsa okha). Antchito ayenera saletsa ndi opaleshoni ngati ikuchitika malinga ndi zofunika.

mfundo izi mwachindunji malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zochita zokha za ndondomeko. Pakuti ntchito amakhazikitsa zina mfundo za kupitiriza, Kugwirizana, specialization ndi zina zotero.

Kuchuluka kwa zochita zokha

Iwo kawirikawiri m'magulu malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha kasamalidwe kampani. Izo, nayenso akhoza kukhala:

1. Strategic.
2. Mwatsatanetsatane.
3. Sikuyenda.

Choncho, pali:

1. Mlingo kunsi kwa zochita zokha (kuchita). Apa nkhawa kasamalidwe nthawi zonse zoletsedwa ndi. Pulogalamu ya ntchito kupanga ndondomeko zochokera ntchito ntchito, yokonza magawo akonzedwa, kukhala preset modes opaleshoni.
2. Mlingo mwatsatanetsatane. Pali amaperekedwa ndi kugawa ntchito pakati pa ntchito. Mu Zitsanzo kukonzekera ulimi ndi kukonza chikalata kapena ntchito yosamalira ndi zina zotero.
3. mlingo Strategic. Iwo anagwira pa kayendetsedwe ka kampani. Zokha njira yopanga chisankho njira ndi mafunso predictive ndi mawunikidwe. M'pofunika kusunga ntchito mlingo wokweretsa utsogoleri. motere zokha amapereka njira, ndi zachuma kasamalidwe.

Gawo

Zokha amaperekedwa ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana machitidwe (OLAP, CRM, ERP ndi zina zotero.). Onse a iwo anawagawa zitatu zikuluzikulu:

1. Zosasintha. Mu kachitidwe aka, ndondomeko ndi amayikidwa mu malinga ndi hardware kasinthidwe kapena ndondomeko zinthu. Iwo sizingasinthidwe pa ntchito.
2. Programmable. Iwo akhoza kusintha ndondomeko malingana ndi ndondomeko kasinthidwe ndi pulogalamu anapatsidwa. Kusankha unyolo zochita ikuchitika ndi akonzedwa wapadera zipangizo. Iwo kuwerenga komanso amvetsa dongosolo.
3. Pulagi ndi Play (kugawa). m'magulu otere angathe kusankha ntchito anakhumba pa ntchentche. kusintha kasinthidwe ntchito kutenga malo malinga ndi mfundo za ntchito panopa.

mitundu yonse angagwiritsidwe ntchito paliponse padera kapena phukusi.

mitundu ya ntchito

Uliwonse gawo zachuma pali mabungwe yotulutsa mankhwala akuchipatala. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu malingana ndi "remoteness" chuma mu unyolo processing:

1. Migodi kapena kukonza - ulimi, mafuta ndi gasi makampani, mwachitsanzo.
2. Processing zachilengedwe zipangizo bungwe. Mu kupanga mankhwala iwo akugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ncho kapena magulu a gulu loyamba. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, zikuphatikizapo ogwira zamagetsi, makampani magalimoto, zomera mphamvu ndi zina zotero.
3. makampani Service. Pakati pawo - mabanki, zachipatala, sukulu, makampani Catering ndi zina zotero.

Kwa gulu lililonse, mukhoza kusankha ntchito yogwirizana ndi makonzedwe a misonkhano kapena linanena bungwe kupanga. Zikuphatikizapo njira za:

1. Management. njira imeneyi imathandiza kulankhulana mwa kampani ndi zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe ubale kampani ndi okhudzidwa zolowa. Otsiriza, makamaka, monga akuluakulu supervisory, ma sapulaya, makasitomala. Mu ndondomeko malonda gulu zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, malonda ndi malonda, mogwirizana ndi makasitomala, ndalama, anthu makonzedwe ndalama ndi zina zotero.
2. Analysis ndi ulamuliro. gulu chokhudzana ndi deta ndi buku la mauthenga pa kukhazikitsa ntchito. Makamaka, ndondomeko amenewa monga kasamalidwe ntchito, ulamuliro quality, kufufuza ziyenera ndi zina zotero.
3. Kapangidwe ndi chitukuko. ntchito izi zokhudza deta ndi yokonza deta yaiwisi, kukhazikitsa ntchito, kuwunika ndi kusanthula zotsatira.
4. Kupanga. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo ntchito kugwirizana ndi mwamsanga kumasulidwa mankhwala. Zikuphatikizapo Inter zina zotere, zofunika ndi kukonza mapulani ndiponso mphamvu kasamalidwe, mmene kukumana ndi utumiki.

Ambiri a pasukuluyi tsopano makina.

strategy

Tikumbukenso kuti zochita zokha njira yopanga ndi zovuta ndi nthawi wonyeketsa. Kuti zimenezi zitheke ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi njira ina. Bwino khalidwe la ntchito ndi ndalama pa ntchito za zotsatira ankafuna. Zofunika makamaka masiku ano akudziŵa zokha njira yopanga mu luso lopanga. Plan ya Strategic akhoza mwachidule motere:

1. Kumvetsa ntchito. Kwa zochita zokha njira yopanga mu luso lopanga kapena wina gawo ena zachuma wabweretsa zotsatira anakhumba, m'pofunika kwathunthu yosanthula masiteji onse. Makamaka tizindikire athandizira ndi ntchito linanena bungwe, ndi ndondomeko ya zochita, zikuchokera chuma, maulalo interconnection ndi zina zotero.
2. zosabvuta kwa ndondomekoyi. Pambuyo kusanthula wathunthu m'pofunika konza ntchito. zochita zosafunika kuti sizikugwira ntchito kapena alibe phindu lochuluka, ayenera kuchepetsedwa. Ntchito zina zikhoza pamodzi kapena anachita mu kufanana. Mukhoza kusintha kanthu mwa kupereka njira ina kudzapereka izo.
3. Makina ndondomekoyi. Izo zikhoza kuchitidwa kokha pamene ntchito adzakhala yotsitsa kwambiri. Njira chosavuta adzakhala ali, kupatula ntchito-tima zokha amakhala ndi moyenera, apamwamba adzakhala Mwachangu kwa ndondomekoyi.

ubwino

Mechanization ndi zochita zokha njira zosiyanasiyana kwambiri kusintha amasokoneza ndi kasamalidwe ulimi. Mwa ubwino zina anatchula:

1. Kufulumizitsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Ndi kuchepetsa mlingo wa nawo munthu ali amodzi ndi kanthu chomwecho angathe kuchitidwa mofulumira. kachitidwe makina kupereka lolondola kwambiri ndipo amatha ntchito mosasamala nthawi ya kuloza.
2. Kuwongolera ntchito. Ndi kuchepetsa ndikachita nawo anthu yafupika kapena kwathetsa chinthu anthu. Izi kwambiri zimasokoneza kusuntha ntchito, womwe kumathandiza kwambiri zolakwa ndi bwino khalidwe ndi mtendere wa ntchito.
3. Kuwonjezeka yolondola kulamulira. Ntchito luso zambiri amalola kupulumutsa ndi kuganizira m'tsogolo pang'ono kwambiri zokhudza ntchito kuposa ulamuliro Buku.
4. Mofulumira kupanga zisankho zinthu muyezo. Izi bwino ntchito ndiponso kupewa mismatch ntchito magawo zotsatirazi.
5. Kufanana kuphedwa ntchito. kachitidwe makina kulola kuchita ntchito angapo nthawi yomweyo popanda kusemphana molondola ndi khalidwe la ntchito. Izi kufulumizitsa ntchito ndi bwino khalidwe la zotsatira.

zolakwa

Ngakhale ubwino zoonekeratu zokha akhoza kukhala si nthawi zonse zotheka. N'chifukwa chake pamaso kukhazikitsa amafuna yoyesa ndi kukhathamiritsa. Pambuyo pake, sipangakhale kuti zochita zokha si lamulo kapena disadvantageous mu lingaliro zachuma. Buku kulamulira kuphedwa kwa njira akhoza kukhala zaphindu milandu zotsatirazi:

1. Ntchito ndi zovuta kwambiri automate iwo sayansi kapena chuma.
2. Mankhwala moyo mkombero ndi waufupi kwambiri. Ngati mankhwala ndi kukulitsa ndi zomwe zagwiridwa kwa nthawi yochepa, nthawi ya ukhale pa msika adzakhala otsika. Mu nkhani iyi, zokha n'kosayenera. ntchito A Buku adzakhala mofulumira ndi zosawonongetsa ndalama zambiri.
3. Mukhozanso osakwatira kapena wapadera mankhwala. Kupanga mtundu wa anapereka magawo ena ndi zofunika. Pankhaniyi, chinthu anthu akhoza kukhala ndi kulimbikitsa ndondomeko. Zinthu zina wapadera akhoza kumasulidwa okha ndi ntchito ntchito yamanja.
4. kusintha mwadzidzidzi kufunika msika. Kusintha ntchito ogula ndi mbali yaikulu pa mabuku kupanga. The kukonzanso ya zinthu zoterezi, kungakhale mofulumira ngati mankhwala amapangidwa ndi ntchito ya ntchito yamanja.

Pomaliza

Mechanization ndi zochita zokha Mosakayika kwambiri kuti gawo yopanga. Masiku ano ntchito ochepa zimagwiridwa pamanja. Komabe, ngakhale lero mu ena mafakitale simungakhoze kuchita popanda ntchito yoteroyo. Zokha ndiwo kwenikweni mabizinezi lalikulu, kumene zinthu amapangidwa kuti misa ogula. Mwachitsanzo, mu mafakitale galimoto osachepera chiwerengero cha anthu amene ali okhudzidwa mu ntchito ya. Choncho iwo amakonda kuyang'anira patsogolo ndondomeko, osati mwachindunji nawo mmenemo. wamakono wa makampani panopa ndi wotanganidwa kwambiri. Zokha njira mafakitale ndi kupanga tsopano ankamuona ngati njira yabwino kwambiri kusintha khalidwe mankhwala ndi kuonjezera buku la zotsatira.