Muzilankhula Sinyachikha. Museum-Reserve wa Matabwa Zomangamanga ndi Folk Art. History ndi kulongosola

Chilengedwe chatsopano N'zosatheka kudalira zinachitikira za mibadwomibadwo ya m'mbuyomu. Kusunga miyambo, zigawo zake zakuthupi ndi zauzimu, njira yabwino kusunga dziko awo abwino. Osungirako zinthu zakale, ofotokoza wowerengeka zojambulajambula, zomangamanga ndi mzimu kutenga malo a ulemu, zimakopa alendo artlessness ndi nzeru kuti amvetse tokha.

Mudzi wa wotsika Sinyachikha

Alapayevsky District Sverdlovsk dera akhoza kukhalabe m'malo mwa nthawi zonse pa mapu a Russia, ngati mudzi wa wotsika Sinyachikha. Kwa zaka zingapo ukugwira mtengo zomangamanga zakale, omwe akusonyeza palibe analogues mu dziko. Malo a mudzi akuti ndi 1680, zomwe ndi Cholozera pakhomo m'mudzimo.

nyumba zogona ndi utsogoleri zili pamodzi njira ya Irbit. Kamodzi panali ntchito chitsulo, amene anali a industrialist mafumu Yakovlev. Lero, mu malo a ogwira ntchito za anaika chizindikiro achikumbutso ndi kulimbitsa mbewu, zomwe anthu am'deralo kuyitana akale "White House". Izi si chipilala okha a zomangamanga, amene wakhala wotchuka wotsika Sinyachikha. Museum-Reserve wa Matabwa Zomangamanga ndi Folk Art dzina la I. D. Samoilov, atagona panja, izo umalakalaka kudera otaya alendo.

Woyambitsa wa nyumbayi

Mu 1978, m'mudzi wa wotsika Sinyachikha izo mwalamulo bungwe ndi nyumbayi, koma kusonkhanitsa kukhudzana ndi nkhondo kusunga mndandanda wa tate wake Ivan Danilovich Samoilov inayamba kale tsiku limenelo. Popeza anabwerera kumudzi kwawo Isakov, Samoylov I. D. anayamba kuphunzira mbiri yawoyawo ndipo oyandikana midzi alapayevskogo m'deralo. Ntchito Land, anayenda kudutsa ku mapiri a Ural, kumene nthawi zonse anakumana ndi zikutha mbiri.

Iye anakhala chidwi yamderali zinthu zakale, kubwezeretsa malonda. M'buku lake "Chuma wotsika Sinyachikha" akulemba kuti: "Ndiye, nkhondo itatha, kukongola izi akadali anapulumutsidwa. Mu kumudzi pang'ono Kodi inu mungabwere, izo zinachitika mu nyumba, ndipo ahnesh: kotero chodabwitsa ndi utoto - dzanja lokha akutambasula kapu kuchotsedwa pakhomo. Kapena kuona gudumu akale kupota, tuesok kuti kamodzi pa owonetsera zakale aliyense muzitenga. "

Iye anayamba kusonkhanitsa chopereka, mabuku amene ntchitoyi mabuku, katundu wa m'nyumba, zithunzi dzanja ndi amisiri m'dera mbali utoto wa nyumba yakale, zitsanzo za kuluka ndi nsalu. Location, oyenera anasonyeza owonetsera zakale zasonyeza anagwa m'mudzi Chiwalitsiro Church wotsika Sinyachikha. Museum-Reserve wa Matabwa Zomangamanga analengedwa yekha kwa zaka zambiri chifukwa cha changu cha Ivan Danilovich.

Museum lotseguka kumwamba

Kubwezeredwa kwa Mpingo Chiwalitsiro, anamanga m'zaka za m'ma 18, inayamba mu 1970. Dongosololi inali yowawa, anayenera kudalira yekha chuma chake, thandizo ku boma ayi, ntchito inafalikira zaka 10. Nthawi imeneyi, Samoilova anabadwa lingaliro yosungira zinthu osati tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso nyumba lonse matabwa, omwe nkhanza wawononga anthu ndi nthawi. Mu 1978 matchalitchi Ivan Danilovich akutsegula Folk Art Museum, chionetserocho amakhala maziko a chopereka cha munthu Urals nyumba kupenta.

Inali m'mudzi wa wotsika Sinyachikha Reserve Museum matabwa zomangamanga ndi wowerengeka luso tichipeza 25 nyumba matabwa yoperekedwa kwa zaka osiyana ndi kusonkhanitsidwa mu Urals lapansi. Pali kanyumba okongoletsedwa pa zomangamanga zomwe zikuoneka kuti kusintha moyo wamba, Matchalitchi angapo ndi matchalitchi, chitsanzo zazikulu za Siberia Baroque - Chiwalitsiro Church, zitsime, penyani siteshoni nsanja moto, Mfumu miyambo nyumba ndi zipilala zina zambiri. Mbiri nyumba matabwa kuphimba zapakati pa 17 mpaka cha m'ma 20.

Ndi chochititsa chidwi kuganizira nyumba zakale ndipo anawayerekezera ndi nyumba, amene tsopano ali moyo sinyachihintsy. The Museum ndi mbali yofunika ya m'mudzimo, zipilala yakale anayala pakati pa farmsteads a m'mudzimo. Mu 1995, Museum m'munsi Sinyachikha amalandira udindo boma la chinthu cholowa mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe, kuwonjezera, pa nthawi ino ndi pansi pa chitetezero cha UNESCO.

Customs Wamkulu Koposa House

Customs House pafupi pa akungoonerera wa kapepalako Siberia mu Tugulymskom malo m'mudzi Luchinkin (Sverdlovsk dera). Kudzatenga mu 1986, maulendowa kukhazikitsa la ophunzira ndi luso la Institute of Zomangamanga Sverdlovsk. Pambuyo kusanthula denrohronologicheskogo zinaonekeratu kuti nyumbayi inali nyumba yakale kwambiri mu Urals, ndipo amatanthauza kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19.

Pamene anadziwika phindu mbiri ya kunyumba, kale a Tyumen bizinesi, amene ankafuna kuchita izo kukonza ndi atengere zofunika masiku ano. nyumba unawonongedwa mofulumira, mtengo wa matabwa anagula kwa mwini Samoilov zokongoletsa, anatembenuka balusters m'nyumba mazenera, sitimayo ndi mbali zina za dongosolo la.

Recreate pa otsala mapulani zojambula, miyezo ndi mfundo anatsimikiza anabweretsa m'mudzi wa wotsika Sinyachikha. Museum-Reserve wa Matabwa Zomangamanga ali ndi maganizo amanyadira dongosolo lapadera. nyumba ndi ziwiri storey chipika kanyumba shestistenny. Mu mwambo Russian nyumba amenewa amatchedwa zinyumba. Kubwezeretsa ndi ntchito yokonzanso ndi sanamalize m'nyumba, koma maonekedwe a nyumba ndi wolingana ndendende wapachiyambi.

minda alendo

Sungani nyumba zakale zamitengo wa Nthawi osiyana - zovuta, iwo pafupifupi sanakhale ndi moyo ndi mtima wosagawanika. Choncho ena kwake farmhouses kukhudzana anasonkhana m'madera osiyanasiyana a Urals ndi inanso m'mudzi wa wotsika Sinyachikha. Museum-Reserve wa Matabwa Zomangamanga mu nkhokwe ya Manor wa 17, 18 ndi zaka 19.

The wamkulu Manor nyumba za m'ma 17, anasonkhana pafupifupi chipika. chifukwa panali nyumba mudzi wa Tabori, denga anachokera m'mudzi Cheremisina pediment anakhalabe ku nyumba ya m'mudzi Nikonov, ena zipika anadza ku mudzi wa Capes. The Manor zikuphatikizapo zikuchokera ya barani yakale. Mkati recreates moyo wa anthu wamba kwa zaka za m'ma 17. M'bwalo la kubwezeretsedwa bwino ndi "chitumbuwa", matabwa zitsime nyumbayi mu zojambulidwa angapo mbiri, ndi kanthu. Ku bwalo la kuseri ndi chosema matabwa sitimayo wa m'mudzi Gryaznukha wopita kudyetsa ziweto. Age mtengo wapa ali zaka 234. Palinso anthunzi otulutsirako thukuta, kugwetsa atatu okha theka zipika kuti zaka mazana angapo, iye anabweretsedwa m'nyumbayi ku mudzi wa Pamudzi wakale.

Nyumba Malo wamba kwa zaka za m'ma 18. Amakhala ndi nyumba zogona, anabweretsa ku mudzi Vogulka ndi outbuildings. Old khola zovuta amachokera m'mudzi Kulig. The uchikumbe zoti chionetsero cha katundu wa m'nyumba, zida wamba.

Mu 19 kanyumba atumwi chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli, zojambula, anali zovuta mkati. Zitsanzo mamangidwe a nyumba matabwa anabwera m'nyumbayi-otetezedwa ku mudzi Kamelskoy. A awiri-storey akale nkhokwe chomwe yomalizira gulu loyimba wa nyumba Ural mudzi, anadza ku mudzi wa Kirov. Mkati mwa nyumba - "woyera chipinda", utoto Makoma a chipinda kunayamba 1897.

zitsime matabwa

Kuwonjezera bwino ndi "chitumbuwa", m'chigawo chapakati cha malo bwino anachita posachedwapa ndi lalikulu gudumu matabwa. Kukwera kwa madzi zinachitikadi mwa onsewo mawilo, unyolo kapena chingwe chimodzi mapeto kukhomedwa wodzigudubuza matabwa, ndowa ananamizira kumapeto wosiyana unyolo. Gudumu imazungulira, unyolo ndi chilonda kumtunda wodzigudubuza, ndipo njira m'mbali ananyamuka chidebe ndi madzi. nizhnesinyachihinsky yekha bwino, ndipo gudumu naye ku mudzi Savino. bwino wina mu nyumbayi dzina Danilych, polemekeza anayambitsa kukhudzana ndi.

yopemphereramo

Pa gawo la m'nyumbayi-malo anasonkhana m'matchalitchi asanu matabwa:

• Spassky. Kapangidwe tating'ono naye ku mudzi wa Nyumba Zoyenda Nazo, nthawi yaitali mfutizo kusungidwa mu Ekaterinburg owonetsera zakale. Kuyambira mu 2001, anasonkhana tchalitchi ang'onoang'ono, nyemba zomangamanga kwa zaka za m'ma 19, lili wotsika Sinyachikha.
• Ascension. Chibwenzi kuchokera m'ma 19, chinapezeka m'mudzi Karpova. Iwo siyanitsa ndi otsala a wapakamwa kuwala: chipewa choyera, ndi lowala buluu lopotana denga, zofiirira khoma. Mkati ndi chionetsero cha m'dera craftswomen H. D. Chuprakova.
• Sabbatius ndi Zosima. Anachokera ku tsopano ndi otha ntchito ojambulira m'mudzi Koksharova. M'nyumbayi anali mu 1981. Chipinda m'nyumba chionetsero wodzipereka kwa nkhuni kusema. Komanso timasonyeza kamangidwe wa mpingo Woyera Cross, kamodzi anaima Kyrtomskom obisika. Iye anali ndi zomangamanga lapadera: chaputala 11, wolemera kusema, yokutidwa tambirimbiri. Mpingo wokonzedwera kwa kusuntha, koma panali moto, ndipo anawonongedwa.
• Eliya Mneneri. Anaika pa dera la manda m'mudzimo. Today nyumbayi ndi chifanizo pafupi pa malo omwewo a kachisi.
• Aleksandra Nevskogo. Musanayambe kwa nyumbayi ili m'mudzi Ostanina. Iye anaikidwa pa thanthwe pamwamba dziwe. Chapatali, ndi yopemphereramo octagonal ali ngati gazebo a. mazenera ali chokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula Stavenko pakhomo ndi khonde chosema. Mu 2015, pamene zofukulidwa pansi pa Chapel anapeza wolemera wakale opatulika. Kuwala kotengedwa ziwiya zadothi, Msukuti mkuwa arrowheads, masingano kwa kusoka, zodzikongoletsera zambiri.

Nsanja ndi nyumba zina

Kupemphera m'nyumbayi-malo, kuwonjezera waukulu mapulani lalikulu la Woyera Chiwalitsiro Church, alendo kulabadira nsanja angapo mkulu matabwa. Mmodzi wa iwo - nsanja Aramashevskogo ndende - kukhazikitsanso apachipata dongosolo kumbuyo ku mudzi Aramashevo. forts izi zinamangidwa mu 17-18 zaka TH ndipo anasunga lero.

Ndi ochenjera nsanja pafupi ndi chitetezo nyumba moto ndi belu nsanja ndi kuonerera nsanja pa denga. Mu chipinda kowonera zakale wodzipereka kwa chifukwa cha moto, ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho akale: mbiya madzi, katundu, moto kumenyana makina wakale chitsanzo. M'bwalo waima yaikulu matabwa mbiya madzi. Poyamba nyumbayi inali m'mudzi wa Spool.

Mkulu nsanja pafupi chitetezo moto wa nyumbayi ankagwira ntchito moto chitetezo m'mudzi ntchito Krasnogvardeyskiy. kutalika kwake ndi mamita 35. Ake ndipanga pa nkhuni mu 1979. Sungani nyumbayi inali kokha khama Samoilova. Pamodzi ndi okondedwa kwa masiku angapo iwo anamutengera iye pa chipika, zomwe zinali zovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha mindandanda yamasewera ndi anati Ivan Danilovich.

Kubwalo la nyumba moto nsanja - ndi smithy akale, pafupi msasa wake okonzekera akavalo, amene iwo womangidwa nsapato. Nthawi zina ankagwira ntchito osula zitsulo, kuona wakale kulipira luso. Apa mutha kuona mwatsatanetsatane zipangizo. Asanalowe ofunika linapanga nangula opezeka mtsinje Dir.

Kuwonjezera nyumba izi, panali malo otetezedwa amene windmill, mbewu nthawi Yakovlev amalonda. M'nyumbayi imachitika zikondwerero ethnographic, zisudzo aluso ndi amisiri.

mtengo

M'nyumbayi wa wotsika Sinyachikha nthawi tikulephera, alendo kuno osati kwa zidindo za. Pali kudzadza kudziwa anga amakonda dziko lawo ndi mbiri yake. Tanthauzo la malo anati bwino Academician Likhachev bwino: "Ngati tikukhala tsopano ndikuyembekeza kutsitsimutsa m'mudzi, ndi Russian wamba, ndi I. D. Samoilov wachita kale ntchito mwakhama kuti ndizipange izo nzoona, chifukwa iye amadziwa: popanda chitsitsimutso cha chikhalidwe wowerengeka, makhalidwe ake abwino ndi miyambo sangakhale abwino kusintha kwa anthu. "