Ndi Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ndi chiyani?

Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - ndi mabwalo a zokomera, ndi kudziyimira pawokha osauka ndi ogwira ntchito, omwe analipo mu XX atumwi mwa dera la USSR. Region kawiri wabweza udindo uwu, chifukwa bwinobwino zochitika asilikali, kusintha ndale ndi umoyo ndi zachuma.

makhalidwe komanso umoyo ndi zachuma malo ake apadera

Karelian ASSR - dera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa gawo European wa USSR. Kumadzulo izo malire ndi Finland, a kum'mawa ndi White Nyanja, kum'mwera - Ladoga ndi Nyanja Onega. mpumulo ndi mapiri ndi kuda osiyana zotsatirapo za zochita za glacier. Chuma mchere akhala inafalitsidwa zomangira (nsangalabwi, lubwe, dolomite, etc.), Iron miyalayo, Mica. Ndi mfundo za dera Soviet Union ankaona m'malo cham'mbuyo mu vuto la zachuma kuyambira m'gawo lake sanali lalikulu maofesi mafakitale. Komanso, mtundu titular la Republic, ndi Finno-Ugric anthu (Veps, Karelians, Finns) kwenikweni anapanga gawo ang'onoang'ono a anthu (pafupifupi 30%).

Republic mu yamtendere

Magwero ndi historiography zina chisokonezeko ndi Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, kapena? Kudziwa njira ndi kulondola, inu muyenera kumvetsa masinthidwe a mndandanda. Pa Civil Nkhondo Karelian Labor kuyanjana unapangidwa bungwe ku Russia. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ngati boma komanso Kupititsa unit wa USSR izo lidzasinthidwa Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Maziko ichi linkakhulupirira Committee Executive Central, anasaina July 25, 1923 Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa latsopano Constitution la USSR, December 5, 1936, dzina linasinthidwa kwa Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

June 17, 1937 malaya loyamba la manja la Republic kunachitika inali ndi lolembedwa mu zilankhulo zitatu: Russian, Karelian ndi Chifinishi. Komabe, December 29, 1937 analandira Baibulo lake linasintha popanda chiphiphiritso otsiriza a. Ichi chinali chifukwa kuyamba m'chigawo cha kupondereza ndi anthu Chifinishi.

Bungwe matupi a Republic

Chofunika kwambiri chinali kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu ndi boma akuluakulu, gawo, yomwe anakhala mbali ya RSFSR lapansi. Karelian ASSR inaperekedwa udindo wa wodziimira utsogoleri-Kupititsa wagawo, kotero mutu wa mphamvu wamkulu anali Bungwe la Commissars anthu, ndi zida chipani wakhala anaikira mu Republican Party chapakati limba wa Komiti chapakati cha CPSU (b) (mu zina nyengo - CC CP (b)).

Mu nthawi unawonongedwa Sovnarkoma makina n'kuyamba Utumiki, kuphatikizapo m'munda. Transformation anakhudza lililonse Republic ndi kudziyimira pawokha, amene anali gawo la USSR. Mabungwe chapakati cha m'dera phunziro lotsogoleredwa ndi nduna ya Karelian ASSR.

ntchito ya usilikali kudziko

Location nkhani mobwerezabwereza anakhala chopunthwitsa kukwaniritsa zofuna za maiko oyandikana. Choncho, mu chaka cha 1939, nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itayamba, nkhani ya chitetezo cha Leningrad ndi madera ozungulira walimbikitsa kwambiri. Pa mtunda wa pafupifupi 25 kuchokera ku mzinda wa Soviet boma malire ndi Finland. Ndi kuwukira mwachindunji ya m'dziko la asilikali ankhondo European mu dziko limodzi la mitundu chikumenyana a ku Ulaya anakhala chenicheni shelling mwachindunji moto. Iye akanakhoza kulenga chotchinga kwa Soviet Navy ili Kronstadt, kuwombera mfuti ili pa mzere malire akanakhoza bwino bwino kuukira malo mafakitale Leningrad. Pofuna kupewa Tiyerekezenso amenewa, utsogoleri Soviet mu October 1939, kuika patsogolo angapo bwana mu Finland, amene anali kuwombola madera. Makamaka kuyambira m'boma loyandikana ankafunika kupereka theka la Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba ndi zilumba zambiri ku Gulf of Finland. Poyankha, Soviet Union amayenda patukani Karelia, dera limene linali kuwirikiza kawiri. Finland sanamvere mawu awa, ndipo zokambirana pakati States deadlocked.

kusintha Kupititsa

November 30, 1939, kwathunthu pozindikira chiyembekezo zinthu, Soviet Union akuyamba Union-Chifinishi nkhondo, amenenso anali kudziŵika kuti Zima nkhondo. Pa December 1 wakhala yolembedwa ndi loyamba "pangano la ndipo Thandizo nonse pakati pa USSR ndi Chifinishi Republic Democratic." Wakonzedwa malire atsopano kubala kumanga malinga malire. Choncho, mawu a pangano panali kuzindikira theka la Chifinishi Karelia gawo. Mapeto a Zima Nkhondo March 1940, pamene Soviet Moscow, magulu omenyanawa zinasaina pangano mtendere. Soviet Union anali pa kutaya chilumba cha Hanko m'munsi asilikali ndi sizeable kum'mwera kumadzulo dera chilumba, zimene zinaphatikizapo Kexholm, Sortavala, Vyborg, Suojärvi kumalo ozizira kum'mawa mbali ya parishi pamodzi ndi midzi ndi Alakurtti Kuolajärvi.

akhumi Republic

Kuyambira April 1940, Karelian ASSR anali lidzasinthidwa Karelian-Chifinishi SSR. Motsatirana mfundo ya Moscow Mtendere mu kapangidwe kake ndi lalikulu mu Finland anaphatikizidwa.

Administrative-Kupititsa kusintha kuchuluka boma ndi malamulo udindo wa Republic bwereza ufulu wa anthu, chitukuko komanso umoyo ndi zachuma chikhalidwe. Atatembenuka, ndi kudziyimira pawokha Karelian mu Chilituyaniya SSR July 8, 1940 malaya atsopano a manja unakhazikitsidwa.

Karelian-Chifinishi SSR anakhala gawo kumenyana aukali nkhondo ya Soviet Union ndi Nazi Germany. Mu 1941, mbali yaikulu ya dziko linatengedwa ndipo anamasula yekha m'chilimwe cha 1944.

mfundo City Karelian ASSR

Small ndi malo anali Karelian ASSR. Mizinda ndi midzi ang'onoang'ono mu chiwerengero ndipo anali Chifinishi, Karelian dzina. The likulu la Republic ndi Petrozavodsk. Iye anali kale pa nthawi imene unali mzinda waukulu. Mayendedwe a likulu la Petrozavodsk tsopano. Mzinda wachiwiri wa Republican subordination wa Sortavala anali. Karelian ASSR anali za mizinda khumi ndi awiri a subordination dera. Iwo Belomorsk, Kem, Kondopoga, Lahdenpohja Medvezhegorsk, Olonets, Pitkäranta Pudozh, Segezha, Suojärvi.

Malinga ndi malamulo Republican nkhani mizinda anali ponseponse. Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of dera m'mbuyo ndi yosintha mu dera zambiri otukuka, chifukwa amasamala za nzika, amene akufuna kutukula miyoyo yawo, sanali malo otsiriza.

Kuchira odetsedwa

Imfa ya I. V. Stalina mu 1953 ndi zimene zinachitika pambuyo chikhalidwe ndale, umoyo ndi zachuma, chikhalidwe ndi maganizo siwokhuzidwa tsoka ndi nzika wamba, dera lonse. Udindo wa Karelian-Chifinishi Republic mu USSR kachiwiri yantchito. Malinga ndi lamulo la Supreme Soviet la USSR izo anabwerera udindo wa kudziyimira pawokha kuti June 16, 1956 iye kachiwiri anakhala mbali ya RSFSR, koma anataya mutu mawu "Chifinishi".

Pamene nkhaniyi anali reorganized, panali nthabwala: "... Republic linathetsedwa, chifukwa anapeza Finns awiri - fininspektora ndi Finkelstein."

ikuimira gawo kubadwanso yoyenda yokha anakhala boma mbendera ya RSFSR, amene anavutika zolemba zina mu Russian ndi Chifinishi.

Mogwirizana ndi kutembenuka kwa Chilituyaniya SSR mu kudziyimira pawokha wa August 20, 1956, ndi kusintha zazing'ono anali ankamangidwanso kale Republic odula manja. Akatswiri ena timakonda amakhulupirira kuti mwambo umenewu anatsimikiza za tsogolo la dera kwa zaka kubwera. Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic analipo mpaka 1991. Hypothetically, dera akhoza kukhala woima osiyana boma, koma ndi kupeza ya RSFSR ndi chakuti - loyang'anira-Kupititsa wagawo, phunziro la Russia masiku ano, limene lili ndi udindo wa Republic, wotchedwa Karelia. likulu lake akadali mzinda wa Petrozavodsk.