Ndi tanthauzo la Pangano la Versailles chiyani? Terms of Pangano la Versailles

The First World nkhondo, yomwe inayamba mu 1914, anamaliza ndi kusaina Pangano la Versailles pa June 26, 1919. The Nkhondo anatenga gawo m'mayiko pafupifupi 40, ndipo kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za dziko lapansi. anthu nsembe zinali zazikulu - pafupifupi mamiliyoni 36 akufa.

Pangano la Versailles chikalata titasindikiza chigonjetso cha mayiko Entente: France, Great Britain, Russia, etc. Nkhondo anataya Germany ndi ndalama zake zinali mu maganizo kwambiri ... Dziko wataya mbali ya malire ace, ndi zowawa ovulala lolemera.

dziko linalanda

Mbiri yakale, kuti underdog nthawi zonse kulipira dipo chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo. Pankhaniyi, kusaina chikalata chilichonse umabweretsanso chilango chilichonse. Kodi tanthauzo la Pangano la Versailles kwa Germany anakonza dziko kuwina?

Malinga ndi chikalata lapansi Alsace Lorraine ndipo anadutsa ku French Pomeraniya, Poznan ndi Upper Silesia - kuti Poland Memele - kuti Lithuania ndi Schleswig - mu Denmark.

Kwa zaka 15, Germany anayenera kupita popanda wake beseni Saar malasha. Pa linalanda m'dera lalikulu, m'dera okwana imene inalipo 70 zikwi mamita lalikulu. Km ndi anthu pafupifupi 7 miliyoni. munthu, anali mbali yaikulu ya chuma omwe akufuna kuti ayambe chuma German. Pa mayiko amenewa ndi nkhokwe yaikulu ya malasha ndi zitsulo, ndi nthaka inali ndi mphero zitsulo.

Zofunikila pa manja

Tsopano ife tonse tikudziwa chimene zotsatira za Pangano la Versailles. Ndipo ziribe kanthu momwe iwo adalemera ndi Germany, modina anatha kusunga umoyo ndi zachuma waukulu tsinde la nkhondo, amene wakhala pafupifupi wawo. Komanso, Germany kumanzere zambiri za magulu awo zida.

Choncho, Pangano la Versailles analola Germany ndi zombo apanyanja a ofunkha 12, 6 Nkhondo, 12 kontrminonostsev, 6 kuwala cruisers. Koma asilikali a nkhondo, chiwerengero chawo sayenera upambana 100 zikwi. Anthu, pamene chiwerengero cha alonda wakhala zikuchepa yafupika. Panali kuletsa amasulidwe hardware chipangizo asilikali, womwenso ndege, akasinja ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida.

reparations

Kuwonjezera zoletsa zida ndi madera linalanda, kodi tanthauzo la Pangano la Versailles kwa Germany? Malinga ndi chikalatacho mbali kutaya nthawi ya nkhondo alipire ndalama zambiri mayiko a opambana: zizindikiro golide biliyoni 132, zomwe zinagwirizana kuti madola 33 biliyoni.

Nkhani ya reparations zinkakambidwa pa msonkhano London kangapo, kuyambira May 1921. chakuti boma German anapempha kusiya kaye mawu a malipiro a ngongole kwa zaka 5. Mu iye anali amapereka mwa utsogoleri UK. The English mpaka analonjeza France kuletsa iwo mangawa onse ankhondo pousinthanitsa ndi chisankho chosavuta pa amodzi a malipiro German. Koma Paris anakana ntchito zoterezi. Anatumidwa lotsogoleredwa ndi JL Burt ananena kuti reparations German zambiri anaika dziko lake kuposa ngongole France ku United Kingdom.

Ena akuti signatories wa Pangano la Versailles, akhagopa kuti maudindo malipiro adzatsala okha pa pepala. Choncho, nthumwi French akufuna akutitsimikizira ake kuti kukonza adzapatsidwa m'mbali mwa German. Choncho, ngati Paris a ina anadzipereka kuti ufulu ntchito ndi katundu zosakhalitsa migodi German mu Ruhr. Komanso, iwo ankafuna kuti ankaudaya fakitale, yomwe ili pa lamanzere gombe la Rhine, ndipo ambiri mwa makampani ena.

Ntchito ya Ruhr

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti United States anayesa kupeza kukondera pa nkhani ya reparations pakati pa Germany ndi France. Iwo anapereka kulenga komiti yapadera, lomwe anaphatikizapo akatswiri palokha ndalama. Akatswiri awa ayenera mwachita ziyenera a solvency la Germany. Koma Reparations Commission sanayembekezere mfundo za akatswiri. Kumapeto kwa December 1922, iye anatenga voti, ndiponso malangizo anapereka chigamulo kuti Germany analephera kukwaniritsa udindo wake kulipira, ndi chifukwa anali Sanapezeke ku Germany. Pakuti chisankho anavota ku France, Italy ndi Belgium. Against uyu yekha United Kingdom wachita. Imeneyi, zikhalidwe za Pangano la Versailles anapereka ufulu kwa ntchito French wa Rhineland.

Mu January 1923, asilikali Belgium ndi French analowa dera la Ruhr. Italy komanso yokhala anathandiza ntchito, koma nawo mu izo sanatenge. Ruhr, monga gawo ambiri otukuka mafakitale dziko, anali kudzipatula kwa ulamuliro wa Germany. dera limeneli asakhalenso mu mpumulo wa chuma German ndipo wataya contractual ndi ntchito zake zonse kugwirizana ndi izo.

kuchepa zachuma

ndi tanthauzo la Pangano la Versailles, zimene zinachititsa kuti ntchito ya Rhineland chiyani? Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti mwambo umenewu wakhala chikwiyire ndi mavuto kuposa Germany. Dziko ndalama German anakomoka usiku, ndi ngongole kwathunthu pake. Dziko wakulitsidwa ndi mantha kuti kusesa zigawo osaukitsitsa onse a anthu, ndipo anthu opeza.

Kuti apa ndi apo ikuchitika zosonyeza kusamvera boma, ndiye inakula mwa zitsanzo misa ndi boma ndi kuwasokoneza ndi mayiko akunja. Mu chilimwe 1923, mavuto a zachuma zinachititsa kuti yosiya ntchito ya boma lolamuliridwa ndi Vilgelmom Kuno. Andale anayamba kulankhula za wozungulira latsopano la kayendedwe chosintha.

Post-nkhondo German mfundo

ogwirizana wakale sanabwere palimodzi mu maganizo awo za Rhine zone zitsulo mkangano pakati pawo. Imperialist Germany ntchito mikangano izi mu mtima wake. Zakhala kukambirana ndi chimodzi kapena chimzake, motero tricking aliyense. Chifukwa cha Pangano la Versailles yokha anasiya pafupifupi buku lonse lankhondo mphamvu ya dziko, amene ankaona wogonjetsedwa. Ndipo pamene ogwirizana ndi ankachita zokhota, Germany kumanga mphamvu matenda atsopano ndi wamphamvu kwambiri.

Wachisoni ndale zotsatira za Versailles Mtendere anapeza kuti kusiyana pakati pa abwenzi onse chimakula. Izi makamaka noticeable mu asapita la England ndi France, Japan ndi United States. Komanso, mofulumira kwambiri zotsutsana pakati pa machitidwe awiri osiyana - ndi zokomera ndi capitalist. Mgwirizanowu anamaliza pa Versailles, cholinga chake chinali kuthetsa nkhondo, koma mapeto chinamupanga iye mantha kuti nthawi utapachikika dziko.