Order wa St. Catherine Wamkulu: History

Pakati pa mphoto ochepa a tsarist Russia, kusinthidwa mu nthawi pambuyo Soviet, mwapadera ayenera kupatsidwa Order wa St. Catherine, kufotokoza ndi mbiri zimene zinali nkhani imeneyi. Monga m'zaka zapitazo, ndipo lero wayikidwa kulemekeza amayi omwe alibe nyota wapadera pamaso pa Russian. Komabe, panali chapadera, tikambirana pansipa.

Kubwezeretsa kuwolowa manja a Catherine

Nkhani ya mmene munali Order wa St. Catherine Wamkulu, ndi zachilendo kwambiri ulaliki wake miyambo amachititsa olemba mbiri ena amakayikira mwa mphoto zina Petrine nyengo. Kumakhudzana ndi a Prut kampeni ya Peter Ine, chojambulidwa iwo mu 1711 kumenyana ndi asilikali Turkey, ndipo zinatha zoipa kwambiri kuti iye.

Zinthu zinali ngati kuti asilikali Russian, amene anali mfumu ndi mkazi wake, Catherine Ine, anali atazunguliridwa ndi adani amphamvu. Zilinso yovuta, koma adapeza njira kuti Mfumukazi anapereka chiphuphu Ottoman Commander chuma chake chonse ambiri. Amayamikira kuchita ichi chimene chinapulumutsa asilikali ku chiwonongeko, ndipo onse awiri kuchokera adani ndi imfa zotheka mfumu mwachindunji mkazi wake anakhazikitsa dongosolo la St. Catherine.

Makhalidwe woyenera Mfumukazi

Zikuoneka kuti izo zangokhala nthano, chifukwa pamaziko a zikalata archival amadziwika kuti zana ndi makumi asanu zikwi rubles golide allocated chiphuphu akuluakulu onse achinyengo ku zosungidwa Turkey, umene panthawi imeneyo unali ukanakhala ndalama. Komanso nawo ndawala Prut Chidanishi nthumwi anakumbukira Maulendo Ake kuti Mfumukazi a zodzikongoletsera iye alibe kupereka nsembe, ndipo amagawa gawo la alonda wapamtima pa kusiya chilengedwe kubwerera.

Mwina golide chivundi, ndi chochita, koma mwa kusonyeza mu kamphindi za kuopsa chitsanzo chapamwamba mtima ndi kudziletsa, ndi, malinga ndi umboni wa ophunzira mu zochitika zimenezo, izo anali wolamulira lofunikira kwambiri Zikatero, thandizo abwino, ndipo analandira Order wa St. Catherine Wamkulu Martyr khalidwe woyenera Mfumukazi. Mulimonsemo, kunapezeka kuti woyenera ulemu limeneli.

The Order wa St. Catherine: makhalidwe ndi maonekedwe

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1714 mpaka 1917, mphoto imeneyi anali wachiwiri kukula pakati mphoto zina Russia ndipo anali madigiri awiri. Woyamba, wotchedwa "Grand Cross", cholinga yekha kwa anthu awarding akulamulira House. digiri yachiwiri, lotchedwa "Small kapena kavalerstvenny mtanda" wakhazikitsidwa kwa oimira otchuka ndi apamwamba. The mphoto ya mphoto imeneyi kupatsidwa ufulu otchedwa madona kapena kavalerstvennogo mtanda chachikulu chimenecho wolemekezeka kwambiri.

Aliyense digiri ya Order zogwirizana ndi zizindikiro zake ndi nyenyezi, anali mnzake kufanana ndi kusiyana kwambiri. Mu 1856, Mfumu Alexander Wachiwiri, inalamula malinga ndi zomwe, poyamba mitanda digiri Mendulo anali chokongoletsedwa ndi diamondi, ndipo chachiwiri - daimondi.

Pa nthawi wotsatira pakati pa mtanda, chokongoletsedwa ndi kunyezimira golide, anaika medallion pansi Catherine. M'manja mwa woyera anaikidwa mtanda lalikulu mtanda kakang'ono pakati, ndi Palm.

Pamwamba pa mutu wake linalembedwa ndi chidule CBE, amene ankatanthauza - St. Velikomuchenitsa Ekaterina. chidule wina, wopangidwa mwa makalata DSFR, zitawonetseredwa pa mtanda chachikulu, ndipo inali makalata koyamba kwa Latin mawu Domine, salvum fac regum, kutanthauza "Mulungu kupulumutsa mfumu."

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anali lathuli ndi mbali n'zosiyana ya pamtanda. Iye anaika chithunzi cha chiwombankhanga mphungu, kupha njoka pa phazi la nsanjayo, pamwamba amene anali chisa ndi anapiye. Apa panali lolembedwa Latin, kusinthika wakewu "Mu ntchito poyerekeza ndi mwamuna wake." Iye amayenera kutsindika zoyenereza munthu kupereka.

Pakati pa asanu ndi atatu zisonga nyenyezi siliva lamba wa pamimba anali medallion chonse munda ofiira omwe anafaniziridwa mtanda, anapangidwa ndi mawu akuti - ". Chifukwa cha chikondi ndi Lathu" mawu awa anali chizindikiro cha Order.

Mwambo anakhazikitsa Catherine

Mpaka imfa ya Peter Ine anamutsatira, mu 1725, chinali kupereka dongosolo palibe. Mwambo umenewu unakhazikitsidwa Catherine, amene analandira mpando wachifumu ndipo linapereka Order mwa ana aakazi a mochedwa mwamuna wake - Anna ndi Elizabeth (komanso analandiranso ndi Russian korona). M'nthawi ya ulamuliro wake ndi ulemu apamwamba kupereka anthu eyiti ku khoti bwalo apamwamba.

Mu ulamuliro wake, amene inatenga zaka ziwiri, Order wa St. Catherine anakhala mphoto apamwamba kwa madona waukulu amene analandira si chokhacho (ndipo osati kwambiri) misonkhano, komanso monga mphoto chifukwa cha ntchito yawo amuna awo omwe unachitikira apamwamba boma. Mwambo umenewu wakhala anakhalabe mu zaka wotsatira.

Mphotho analandira mwa kubadwa ndi misonkhano yapadera

Ngakhale zambiri anakweza udindo wa Order ya Mfumu Paulo Ine, m'mene lofalitsidwa mu 1797 lamulo, chimene, iwo amaitcha aliyense amabadwa Grand Duchess, ndiye mwana wina wamkazi wa mfumu yolamulira. Popeza mafumu Russian ali makamaka kusiyana ndi kubereka enviable, chiwerengero cha awardees kenako achuluka kwambiri. Ana onse a mafumu, atalandira mutu wa kubadwa kwa akalonga kwambiri, anali kupereka dongosolo la St. Andrew.

Mwa njira, lamulo ili anayambitsa bytuyuschey masiku ano mwambo kuti azivala mwana atsikana pinki maliboni ndi anyamata - buluu, womwe ndi mtundu malamba chachikulu atsogoleri ndi duchesses.

Udindo pa awarding ndi Order - udindo wake - sanatchulidwe mwachindunji, kwa mtundu wanji wa chopereka izo zizikhala Choncho, ufulu wosankha ofuna anapatsidwa kwa mfumu. iwo kawirikawiri anapatsidwa anthu amene wolemekezeka okha maphunziro onse kapena chikondi. Nthawi zambiri analandira ndalama zambirimbiri, anapanga kuti awombole Akhristu ku ukapolo wakunja, komanso kuzindikira phindu mu chisamaliro cha School likulu la Noble Atsikana.

Chiyembekezo chakuti ndi chitsitsimutso wotsatira wa Order

Mwambo umenewu mpaka zinachitika pa zimene zinachitika mu 1917. Pasanathe mwezi atakhala mphamvu, Bolsheviks anathetsa mphoto imeneyi, chifukwa anafuna pongofuna kuti anthu a kalasi osagwirizana iwo. Nakhalanso ndi Order wa St. Catherine anali kale m'masiku athu ndi lamulo mu May 2012. Russian Pulezidenti wotchedwa Dmitry Medvedev. Lero, monga kale, ali mmodzi wa mphoto apamwamba a dziko.

Dongosolo la Saint Catherine Wamkulu Martyr (Russian Federation)

Tiyeni akukhala chakuti lero ndi mphoto anakhazikitsa Peter I. watsopano, ofanana ndi zinachitika za m'mbiri ya Order wa St. Catherine (RF) ali ndi nyenyezi ndi chizindikiro mu mawonekedwe a medallion chowulungika ili mu malo ya siliva gilt kupandira. Aliyense mapeto a mtanda lakonzedwa ngati anayi cheza golide chokongoletsedwa chokongoletsera ndi ankasiyana diamondi awiri. medallion chapakati atazungulira yokongoletsera mphete chabwino mpumulo, yokutidwa ndi buluu enamel ndi enamel kukopedwa pa izo chifanizo cha St. Catherine.

Kumtunda amaperekedwa ndi mphete kanali, pamwamba pa zomwe yopapatiza ofukula analimbitsa chimango chokongoletsedwa banja diamondi kupanga mzere umodzi. Iwo anadutsa tepi mphete, anaika mu mawonekedwe a uta mutavalanso mbali n'zosiyana chipangizo cha kuika kwa zovala. Kanali ali miyeso ya 45 × 40 millimeters ndi akhoza atathana ndi silika moire wofiira tepi ndi siliva discontinuous felemu.

Baji wa Order wa St. Catherine limafanana ndi nyenyezi zisanu ndi zitatu siliva pakati chimene anaika medallion wozungulira Mtundu wofiira ndi chifaniziro cha State chizindikiro cha la Russia, atazunguliridwa ndi malire lolembedwa ndi "chifundo".

Kupatulapo kwa ulamuliro

Mu September 2012, dongosolo la St. Catherine, chithunzi chimene anapereka m'nkhani anali woyamba kupereka kwa munthu. The boma chisankho ulemu nzika ya Liechtenstein Igwani-Fein Edward Aleksandrovich chopereka chake ndi kuteteza misewu ya cholowa chikhalidwe cha Russia, komanso lachifundo, umunthu ndi okhazikitsa mtendere ntchito.