Nkhondo lalikulu la Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo mu zochitika: mutu, tebulo

A zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri za Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, nkhondo The Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, anathandiza kwambiri ndi yofunika kwambiri yomwe ndi chimake cha munthu nkhondo azifa mayiko wa m'ma XX.

Bob periodization

The zaka zisanu standoff, izo zinachitika pa dera la mayiko wakale wa Soviet Union, olemba mbiri anawagawa nthawi zitatu.

1. Nthawi I (22.06.1941-18.11.1942) zikuphatikizapo kusintha kwa USSR pa nkhondo maziko, "mphezi nkhondo" Kulephera kwa dongosolo choyambirira cha Hitler, komanso kulenga zinthu kuswa Inde zochita nkhondo mokomera maiko Coalition.
2. Nthawi II (19.11.1942 - mapeto a 1943) amagwirizana ndi kusintha Pankhondoyi asilikali.
3. Nyengo III (January 1944 - May 9, 1945) - chopweteka kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Nazi ndi athamangitsidwe ku madera Union amasulidwe ku dziko la South-East ndi Eastern Europe ndi Red Army.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

nkhondo yaikulu ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mwachidule Lofotokoza kangapo. Pa iwo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Mwadzidzidzi ndi mofulumira German kuukira Poland, ndiyeno m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya kwachititsa chakuti ndi 1941 Anazi ndi anzawo anagwira m'madera yaikulu. Poland anagonjetsedwa, pamene Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Luxembourg ndi Belgium - ali wotanganidwa. France inatha kukana masiku 40 okha, pambuyo pake bwino analandidwa. Nazi inapha kugonjetsedwa zazikulu ndi kutumiza ku British Army, ndipo analowa dera la Balkans. Vuto lalikulu mu njira ya Germany anakhala Red Army, ndipo nkhondo yaikulu ya Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anatsimikizira kuti mphamvu ndi mzimu wa anthu Soviet osasweka, kuteteza ufulu wa dziko lawo - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zikuluzikulu pa nkhondo bwino kulimbana ndi adani.

"Plan Barbarossa"

Zolinga za lamulo German wa USSR anali chabe chuma, zomwe zikhoza mwamsanga kuchotsedwa njira, mwa blitzkrieg otchedwa mfundo operekedwa mu "Plan Barbarossa".

chitukuko natsogozedwa ndi General Fridriha Paulyusa. Mu njira imeneyi, asilikali Soviet anali kuwonongedwa mu yochepa Germany ndi ogwirizana ake, ndi gawo European Soviet Union - akagwidwa. Ndi zina ankaganiza kugonjetsedwa kotheratu ndi chiwonongeko cha USSR.

Nkhondo lalikulu la Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, kuti mbiri anapereka, zikuonetseratu poyera pa mbali iti mwayi pa chiyambi cha nkhondoyo, ndipo mmene Mapeto inatha.

Dongosolo wofuna wa ku Germany anaganiza kuti pa miyezi isanu adzatha kutenga m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya USSR ndi kufika ku mzere wa Arkhangelsk-Volga kuti Astrakhan. The nkhondo Soviet Union anali kutha ndi yophukira 1941. Ndimaona pa izo, Adolf Hitler. Pa malamulo ake, kum'mawa malangizo lolunjika chimamangidwa mphamvu Germany ndipo anagwirizana mayiko. Kodi nkhondo yaikulu ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse iwo anali kupirira kuti amakhulupirira kuti n'zosatheka kukhazikitsa dziko ulamuliro wa Germany?

Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti amadza idzagwira ntchito njira zitatu mwamsanga kugonjetsa mdani pabwere kulamulira dziko;

• Chapakati (Minsk-Moscow mzere);
• Kumwera (Ukraine ndi Nyanja Black);
• Chakumadzulo (Leningrad ndi mayiko Baltic).

Nkhondo lalikulu la Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo: kulimbana likulu

Ntchito kugwila Moscow, codenamed "Mvula ya mkuntho". Iwo chinayambira pa September 1941.

Kukhazikitsa dongosolo kugwila likulu la USSR anapatsidwa gulu wa makamu "Center", izo unatsogolera Field polimbana Fedor Von Bock. Mdani kuposa Red Army osati chiwerengero cha asilikali (nthawi 1.2), komanso zankhondo (oposa 2 khola). Koma nkhondo yaikulu ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse posachedwapa anatsimikizira kuti kwambiri si mphamvu.

polimbana ndi dziko la Germany mu malangizowo anali asilikali a Southwestern, kumpoto, kumadzulo ndi Reserve amadzibisa. Komanso, mbali mu maudani anatenga zigaŵenga zankhondo ndi militias.

Chiyambi cha nkhondoyo

Mu October, malangizo chapakati linathyoka chitetezo chachikulu Soviet: Nazi anagwira Vyazma ndi Bryansk. Mzere wachiwiri, womwe unachitikira pafupi Mozhaisk, anakwanitsa sachedwa isanayambike yaitali. Mu October 1941, mutu wa Western Front anakhala Georgy Zhukov, yemwe ananena mkhalidwe kuzinga mu Moscow.

Ndi mochedwa October, ndewu zinachitika makilomita 100 chabe ku likulu.

Komabe, ambiri ntchito asilikali ndi zikuluzikulu nkhondo ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, ikuchitika njira yodzitetezera mzindawo, sanalole dziko la Germany analanda Moscow.

Inasintha nkhondo

Kale mu November 1941, zizipita zoyesayesa zapitazi Nazi kugonjetsa Moscow. Ubwino anali mu Soviet Army, chakudyacho potero nalola counteroffensive.

The German lamulo zimayambitsa kulephera akuwachititsa ndi yophukira nyengo yoipa ndiponso misewu zoipa. Nkhondo lalikulu la Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ikanayenera chidaliro cha dziko la Germany mu invincibility zawo. Pokwiya kulephera Mtsogoleri analamula kuti akagwire likulu kuti nyengo yozizira, ndi 15 November dziko la Germany anayesanso tingalimbanirane ndi. Ngakhale zomvetsa yaikulu, asilikali a ku Germany anakwanitsa kubooleza mumzindawo.

Komabe, kupita patsogolo china kupewedwa ndi Anazi, ndipo ulendo omaliza kugumula kwa Moscow idatha kulephera.

Kumapeto kwa 1941 zinali zodzaza ndi kupita patsogolo kwa Red Army pa asilikali mdani. Kumayambiriro January 1942, kuphimba lonse kutsogolo mzere. Asilikali a Aisiraeli anathamangitsidwa ku makilomita 200-250. Chifukwa cha ntchito bwino, asilikali a Soviet anamasula Ryazan, Tula, dera Moscow, komanso ena zigawo za m'madera Orel, Smolensk, Kalinin. Pa nkhondoyo, Germany anataya wambirimbiri zida, kuphatikizapo ena 2,500 mfuti ndipo 1,300 akasinja.

Nkhondo lalikulu la Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, makamaka kumenyana Moscow, zinatsimikizira kuti chigonjetso n'kotheka, ngakhale asilikali ake ndi ukulu luso.

Zosangalatsa za Nkhondo ya Moscow

Mmodzi wa nkhondo lofunika kwambiri la nkhondo Soviet Union mayiko a anapanga Alliance - kumenyana Moscow, anali chimake cha dongosolo wanzeru chifukwa kusokoneza blitzkrieg. kapena anadza asilikari Soviet uti njira kuteteza adani a likulu mdani.

Choncho, pa kukumana kwa asilikali Red Army anathamangira ku thambo yaikulu, 35-mita, balloons. Cholinga cha zimene anali kuchepetsa mwatsatanetsatane aiming wa zoponya mabomba German. Izi colossus ananyamuka ndi kutalika kwa makilomita 3-4 ndipo ali kumeneko, kwambiri complicates ntchito ya ndege mdani.

Mu nkhondo ya anthu oposa mamiliyoni asanu anatenga gawo chifukwa likulu. Choncho, ndi chimodzi cha yaikulu.

Wotchuka ntchito pa Nkhondo ya Moscow ankaimba polimbana Konstantin Rokossovsky, amene anatsogolera gulu lankhondo 16-TH. Mu kugwa kwa 1941 asilikali ake oletsedwa ndi Volokolamsk ndi Leningrad msewu, osalola kuti adani kubooleza mumzindawo. Kutetezedwa masabata awiri pamalopa: zipata akuimbidwa Istra mosungiramo, ndipo ncho ikuyandikira kuti likulu.

Ndipotu ina chidwi m'mbiri ya nkhondo lodziwika bwino: pakati pa October 1941 anali anatseka Moscow okwerera sitima. Linali tsiku okha mbiri ya Moscow okwerera sitima, pamene izo sizinagwire ntchito. The mantha chifukwa cha mwambo umenewu zinachititsa kuti ulendo otchedwa - mzinda anathawira, anayamba ntchito looters. zinthu anapulumutsidwa kuti kuchitapo kanthu amphamvu ndi obisalira ndi wolanda, chimene kuvomereza kuwombera trespassers. Zimenezi wasiya eksodo ya anthu wochokera ku Moscow ndi kusiya mantha.

Nkhondo ya Stalingrad

Nkhondo yaikulu kwambiri ya nkhondo yachiwiri zinachitika m'mphepete mwa m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya dziko. Mmodzi wa atasemphana chofunika kwambiri Nkhondo ya Stalingrad, yomwe anagwira ndi gawo kuchokera July 17, 1942 mpaka February 2, 1943.

Cholinga cha dziko la Germany mu dera limeneli linali yojambula kum'mwera kwa USSR, pamene pali makampani ambiri a zitsulo ndi chitetezo, komanso nkhokwe zikuluzikulu chakudya.

Education Stalingrad Front

Pa nagonjetsa Anazi ndi anzawo, asilikali Soviet anakumana ndi imfa kwambiri kumenyana Kharkov; Ine idagonjetsedwa Southwestern kutsogolo; zopatutsana ndi regiments wa Red Army adamwazika, kupanda udindo wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba lotseguka steppe anapereka Germany mwayi wakupita pafupifupi Kupanda kusamala mu Caucasus.

Zoterezi zopanda chiyembekezo cha USSR wapereka chidaliro Hitler posachedwa bwino m'tsogolo. Pa malamulo ake, Army "South" chidagawika 2 - cholinga cha "A" anali adani a kumpoto Caucasus, monga mbali ya "B" - Stalingrad, kumene unaturuka Volga - waukulu madzi mtsempha wamagazi a dziko.

Mkati yochepa anatengedwa Rostov pa-Don, ndi Germany Asilikaliwo Stalingrad. Chifukwa chakuti m'dera limeneli anali kamodzi 2 Army, anapanga yaikulu magalimoto kupanikizana. Motero, munthu wa makamu analamula kuti abwerere ku Caucasus. Mangirirani mahatchi kugaleta uyu anachedwa nagonjetsa kwa mlungu wathunthu.

Mu July 1942, popangidwa ndi limodzi Stalingrad Front, cholinga chimene chinali kuteteza mzinda kwa mdani ndi chitetezo mabungwe. zovuta zonse vuto linali lakuti gawo utangoyamba sanagone zinachitikira mgwirizano, panalibe zipolopolo, ndipo panalibe chitetezo.

asilikali Soviet anali ambiri zedi chiwerengero cha anthu German, koma wolephera iwo ndi pafupifupi theka zipangizo ndi zida chosowacho.

Kulimbana wosimidwa wa Red Army pansi mdani khomo Stalingrad, koma September, ndewu anasamuka ku madera akutali mumzindawu. Chakumapeto August, dziko la Germany anali pansi chiwonongeko cha Stalingrad, woyamba kukonza bomba, kenako kuponya izo mabomba mkulu-zachiwawa ndi incendiary.

Opaleshoni "mphete"

Anthu nkhondo iliyonse mita wa dziko. The chifukwa cha miyezi yambiri ya nkhondoyo wakhala kunasintha nkhondo, mu January 1943 anapezerapo ntchito "mphete", umene unatenga masiku 23.

Zotsatira zake zinali kugonjetsedwa kwa mdani, kuononga ankhondo ake ndi kudzipereka pa February 2 kupulumuka asilikali. bwino uyu anali yojambula m'kupita kwa ntchito ya usilikali, Agwedeza malo a Germany ndi kufunsana imakhudzira limati zina. Iye anapatsa anthu Soviet chiyembekezo cha chigonjetso m'tsogolo.

Nkhondo ya Kursk

Kugonjetsa asilikali German ndi ogwirizana ake pa Stalingrad anakhala kutsogolera kwa chakuti Hitler, pofuna kupewa zizoloŵezi centrifugal mu Union wa chapatatu ke, anaganiza kuchita opaleshoni yaikulu nagonjetsa motsutsa Red Army, amene analandira malamulo dzina "Citadel". nkhondo inayambika pa July 5 chaka chomwecho. The Germany kuti linayamba akasinja latsopano lomwe mantha asilikali Soviet, kupereka iwo ndi kukana ogwira. Ndi 7 July magulu awiri anamwalira yaikulu ya anthu komanso makina, akasinja nkhondo pansi Ponyri zinachititsa kuti imfa ya ambiri magalimoto German ndipo anthu. Zimenezi zathandiza chinthu chofunika kwa attenuate Nazi Kursky protrusion pa gawo kumpoto.

Lembani thanki nkhondo

July 8 pa Prokhorovka anali ananamizira lalikulu thanki nkhondo ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Kuthandiza pa msonkhano panafika anthu pafupifupi 1,200 magalimoto nkhondo. The standoff unatenga masiku angapo. The inafika pachimake pa July 12 pamene Prokhorovka zinachitika pa yomweyo awiri thanki nkhondo inatha mu Jambulani. Ngakhale kuti palibe magulu ali anagwidwa ndi kanthu yokhala nagonjetsa German inaima ndipo anasamukira ku mbali amanyansidwa wa July 17 kumbuyo gawo la nkhondo. Zotsatira zake zinali kuti Germany anali anakankhira mmbuyo kum'mwera kwa Kursk zazikulu, kuti malo awo oyambirira. Mu August, Belgorod ndi Orel anamasulidwa.

Kodi nkhondo yaikulu pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo? Nkhondo imeneyi anali otsutsa pa Kursk, ndi zoopsa poyambira omwe - kumasulidwa kwa Kharkiv 23.08.1944 chaka. chochitika wamaliza mndandanda wa nkhondo yaikulu Soviet Union chinali chiyambi cha kumasulidwa kwa Europe asilikali Soviet.

Major nkhondo ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse: tebulo

Kumvetsa za nkhondo, makamaka pa nkhani lofunika kwambiri nkhondo yake, pali tebulo kusonyeza chochitika magaziniyo.

Major nkhondo ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, amene mayina awo odziwika lero, anthu a mibadwo yonse, wakhala umboni wosatsutsika kuti mphamvu ya mzimu ndi chifuniro cha anthu Union, sadzalola kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulamuliro wa achifasizimu, osati Soviet Union, komanso dziko lonse lapansi.