Stone nkhwangwa: ndi nkhwangwa choyamba, ntchito chithunzi

M'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi achoke nkhwangwa pamwala kuti nkhwangwa zitsulo zinachitika pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Koma tsopano pali malo amene zida sanali zachitsulo ndi ntchito kufikira tsopano. Kwenikweni, izi Tingaone mu mafuko African ndi Australia ndi anasunga wosazindikira njira limodzi la moyo.

Stone nkhwangwa mu moyo wa anthu akale

Woyamba zipangizo amakezana anthu anali opangidwa ndi miyala.
Poyamba, iwo anali kokha chipangizo yosavuta, chilemetso chopulumutsa. Anthu akale anayang'ana miyala amphamvu (makamaka miyala pakachitsulo) ndi lakuthwa kwambiri ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndiye aphunzira kuzigwiritsa, yesetsani, kugawanika, ndipo ngakhale pogaya (mu paleolith).

Woyamba nkhwangwa pamwala (m'malo tchizulo) a anthu akale - chida konsekonse. Ndi thandizo lawo, munthu wakale ntchito ina pamene kunali koyenera kuti kangachepe, ndi olimba.

Pakuti zida ngati anthu wosazindikira anapeza miyala ikuluikulu ndithu (1 makilogalamu kulemera) kutalika 10-20 masentimita, obbivat iwo wina, nayenso olimba, mwala, kukulitsa pansi ndi pamwamba anamaliza ndi kophweka manja.

Kagwiritsidwe mwala nkhwangwa? Akuigwiritsa anthu anakumba, anakantha pa kukasaka, iwo anapha zonse kugonja kwa izo.

Chifukwa chakuti manja a anthu anali adakali opanda ungwiro, kupanga machined chida zimagwiritsa amadalira zamitundu kwambiri poyamba anapeza mwala.

Kuwonjezera mitundu ya zipangizo

Anthu mu ndondomeko ya moyo pang'onopang'ono bwino zipangizo zawo. Mwala nkhwangwa yaikidwa ayamba chida mawonekedwe ndipo anakhala chida si choncho chonse ndiponso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolinga zenizeni yekha.

Pa kusakasaka kupeza nyama kale ntchito chida chatsopano - ostrokonechnikov. scraper A ntchito ndi akazi pamene ukuchoka zikopa za nyama anaphedwa ndi amuna. Ntchito ndi chida kawirikawiri anayenera kuchita kuti akazi. Kotero apo panali mkazi woyamba mwala zipangizo.

Karate nkhwangwa pamwala

Only mu nthawi ya Neolithic (Buluka Stone Age) kwa ndondomeko za kukula kwa luso la anthu mawu a ntchito mitundu mwala anayamba kutuluka kumenyana nkhwangwa. Hatchets anali wamfupi, makamaka kuthekera kuchita nkhondo ndi dzanja limodzi (kutalika - 60-80 cm, kulemera - 1-3.5 makilogalamu).

nkhwangwa amenewo wa masamba obsidian, ndipo anakumana ku America anthu zakwawoko malo awa (nthawi Spanish kulamulira).

Stone nkhwangwa: photos, mbiri ya chitukuko

Zida zakale anapeza masiku ano, zinalengedwa za okwana 2.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Monga tanena chida choyamba wakale munthu (nkhwangwa) ndi ochiritsira mwala umodzi ndi m'mphepete lakuthwa.

Mu wotsatira kupanga ndondomeko ya nkhwangwa, kapena mankhwala ena aliwonse mwala zinachitika motere: 1 chidutswa cha mwala anali atathana ndi winayo ntchito m'malo nyundo, ndipo kudzera mwa magawo owonjezera lamamatira pa thanthwe ndipo motero kutulutsa linali lofika zipangizo lolingana mawonekedwe. Ndiye anthu aphunzira mankhwala kupukuta ndi sanding.

Komabe, panali vuto limodzi. Stone zipangizo mwamsanga anayamba kugwa, ndipo Pankhani imeneyi kumafunsa m'malo awo pafupipafupi.

Ndi nthawi inakwana sitepe yotsatira zofunika - mgwirizano wa nkhuni ndi nkumukhapha chida limodzi. Ndipo anasandutsa mwala nkhwangwa. Plus, chida chotero ndiye kuti ndalezo zina kumawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu mmene ndiponso kugwira ntchito ndi iwo kukhala yabwino.

Njira kuphatikana ya chogwiririra ndi akuigwiritsa zidutswa zinali zosiyana kwambiri: mu kugawanika chogwirira ntchito bandeji anali ntchito ndi mphira utomoni, kapena gawo ntchito chida safuna inapita mu chogwirira chachikulu olimba.

Iwo anali opangidwa kuchokera ku mwala, obsidian ndi macheka ena.

Mu kenako Stone Age (Neolithic) nkhwangwa mwachita ndi dzenje kwa chogwirira (diso).

Stone nkhwangwa anayamba kutha m'madera a ku Ulaya ano, pamene iwo anayamba kuoneka bronzes (kuyambira chikumbutso 2 wa 1000 BC. BC). Ngakhale zili chomwechi, mwala, chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika, zinakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali limodzi ndi zitsulo.

Mavuto pakupanga mwala nkhwangwa

The loyamba la nkhwangwa ndi kufanana mu mawonekedwe kuti masiku ano, anaonekera mu Mesolithic nthawi (za 6000 zaka BC. E.).

Kodi kupanga mwala nkhwangwa mwala? Zinali zovuta zomangamanga zovuta kwa anthu wosazindikira - kugwirizana kwa zinthu ziwiri nkhwangwa.

Ngakhale ngati una mu mwala mwina akhoza kuti achite, mu nkhani iyi kuchuluka makulidwe a "tsamba" la mwala nkhwangwa, ndipo inasanduka nyundo kapena nkhwangwa, ndi amene akanatha akumenyetsa yekha nkhuni ulusi osati kudula kupyolera mwa iwo. Mogwirizana ndi nkhwangwa ili ndi nkhwangwa chogwirira kungomumangira pamodzi ndi moyo kapena khungu la nyama zosiyanasiyana.

Mwamsanga pamene anthu aphunzira mmene smelt zitsulo, nthawi yomweyo anayamba kutulutsa mkuwa nkhwangwa. Koma iwo "timasamba" kwa nthawi yaitali anapitiriza kupangidwa mu chakale (mwala), chifukwa shale ndi mwala pamwamba analola pogaya kunja zinthu n'zosadabwitsa lakuthwa. Ndipo diso anapangidwa mu nkhwangwa khasu.

pomaliza

Ngati inu mukuganiza chiyani za izo, zaka zambiri zapitazo, losavuta komanso pa nthawi yomweyo, chinthu chodabwitsa sanali chida cha ntchito kwa anthu wosazindikira, kapena chida, komanso chizindikiro cha ukulu ndi mphamvu. Stone nkhwangwa - ndi zinthu zambiri zamtengo wapatali za nthawi, zopangidwa ndi manja a anthu akale, anaika maziko nkhwangwa ano.