The Red Book m'dera Volgograd: zomera, mbalame, nyama

The Red Book wa dera Volgograd - chikalata wapadera malamulo ndondomeko ya chitetezo ya zomera ndi nyama m'chigawochi. Onse zinthu za nyama ndi zomera anatumikira mu mawonekedwe a mndandanda, kumene pamaso pa aliyense wa iwo lili mlingo wa m'chipani 1 (mlingo wokweretsa amuleka) 7 (zoopsa). Pali mndandanda wa oimira anthu pa dzanja ena ofunika 0. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iwo mbisoweka ku dera. Komanso chikhalidwe cha dera Volgograd, kapena zitsanzo m'malo chosowa kwambiri oimira ake, zasungidwa mu wapadera banki chibadwa. Izo analengedwa mu 2010. The Red Book wa dera Volgograd - ichi ndi zomera osati ndi zinyama, koma nthaka osowa pafupi kutha.

nkhani

Zoyesayesa woyamba kukopa anthu kuti mavuto a chitetezo cha nyama ndi zomera adakali oyambirira 90 ntchentche wa XX atumwi. Iwo anali kenako anamasulidwa tsiku loyamba Red Book wa dera Volgograd. Zinali alipidwa otchuka sayansi buku, yemwe analibe mphamvu malamulo. Kenako, unaturuka ochepa mwa mabuku amenewa, ndipo kokha mu 2004, malinga ndi Watsimikiza Mutu wa Administration, mndandanda boma wamasulidwa. Pa maziko ake, ndipo Bukhu Red wa dera Volgograd unapangidwa: Nyama (Volume 1), zomera ndi bowa (Volume 2).

Izo ziyenera kuti mndandanda wa malo otetezedwa ndi mafoni kwambiri: ena oimira amachotsedwa, pamene ena amapangidwa. Kotero izo zinali, mwachitsanzo, ndi tsekwe aang'ono, amene anagwirizana ndi mndandanda mu 2010.

Mu 2011th Baibulo pakompyuta kabuku linatulutsidwa. Kuyenera ananena kuti udindo kwa Red Book a Komiti wapadera Protection Environmental m'derali. Pa maziko ake analengedwa ntchito yapadera, imene ikuchita ndi mapangidwe mndandanda wa mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera akufunikira miyeso wapadera zozitetezera.

invertebrates

Mndandanda wa zinthu kuteteza zachilengedwe Volgograd dera m'gulu oimira magulu ambiri ndi makalasi. Choyamba ziyenera anati za invertebrates lapansi. Choncho, mu Red Book wa Volgograd Region mankhwala leech ali nawo. Kumachitika izi annelid makamaka mu madzi, wakonda matope pansi ndi madzi bwino.

Mu maonekedwe akufanana ndi leech ya wachibale wawo, annelids, koma thupi pang'ono flattened. Pakamwa kutsegula ali mawonekedwe a zida zomatira imene nyama zonse zopanda mafupa chakudya chawo - magazi. mankhwala amasungidwa m'mimba misundu umboni kwa nthawi yaitali - miyezi ingapo. Kuti cholinga cha mabakiteriya wapadera kuti moyo mu umunthu m'mimba, iwo kusokoneza clotting magazi. nyama zonse zopanda mafupa imeneyi ivomelezana magazi alionse.

Ponseponse ntchito misundu mankhwala (iwo akathandize chikhalidwe ndi mitsempha varicose, zotupa osiyanasiyana khungu) anali waukulu kuchepetsa chinthu - iwo anakhudzidwa zedi yaikulu. Komabe, chinthu ichi mbisoweka pambuyo njira phlebotomy anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo linanena bungwe anaphunzira misundu lonse mafakitale. Chimodzi mwa zinthu Kuchepetsa - kuchepa mu chiwerengero cha achule. Ndi misundu magazi awo kudya wamng'ono.

nthumwi ina invertebrates, imene muli Red Book wa dera Volgograd - wandiweyani shelled mtsinje mussel. Izi bivalve, tikukhala mu mitsinje chipwirikiti woyera. M'litali perlovitsy chipolopolo ukufika oposa 7 cm. Moyo amayembekezeka ndi lalikulu: ngale ankalembedwa, anakhala zaka 22. Waukulu kuchepetsa chinthu - kuwonongeka kwa khalidwe madzi ndi, monga Motero, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nsomba mtsinje, amene parasitize mphutsi deta invertebrates.

arthropoda

Ku kalasi ya nkhanu zimene m'gulu la Red Book wa dera Volgograd, tisaiwale yotentha Szczytno. Mtundu uwu wa moyo popanda kusintha dziko mamilioni athu a zaka, tsopano mosasamala yafupika. Padziko lino crustacean yaing'ono m'madzi osaya ndi kuya kuyambira masentimita 20 mpaka mamita 2. Ndiponso abwino m'madamu, zigwembe, ngalande, anasefukira meadows. Mu Szczytno pali njira yapadera kupulumuka mphutsi kukhala mu nthawi yochepa, ndipo zimaswa, ndiyeno mwamsanga tikule pogonana. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri malo mkhalidwe madzi ochepa amene mwamsanga youma. Komanso, monga ulamuliro, Barrier ali pamwamba pa unyolo chakudya mu malo ake. Komabe, manambala awo zikutha chifukwa madzi ngalande (mphutsi alibe nthawi kudutsa mkombero wa).

Wina crustacean moyo puddles ndi mayiwe kakang'ono - hirotsefalus horribilis. Zilibe kumira, thupi lake ukufika mamilimita 16 okha. The crustacean likuyenda nthawi zonse, iye akamayendetsa puddles pofufuza chakudya - zomera, nyama kapena masamba. Kutha chifukwa chiwerengero cha malo kuchepetsa.

Tanimastiks dziwe komanso makamaka kutetezedwa mu dera Volgograd. The crustacean ndi yaing'ono (13 mm) ndi zikugwirizanirana ndi branchiopoda umboni, amakhala makamaka m'madamu. Chinthu Kuchepetsa ichi pali kuipitsa nthaka, amene anapanga malo ake.

Komanso wa nkhanu zing'onozing'ono tisaiwale branhinektu ang'ono ndi streptotsefala groznonogogo. Kuchepetsa mfundo ndi malo ali ofanana ndi tafotokozazi.

Wa oimira arachnids mu Red Book wa dera Volgograd anabwera chinkhanira Mediterranean. Dzina zikuonekeratu pamene nthumwi wamba ambiri, koma zilombo izi amakhala m'chigawo Volgograd. Iwo amakonda dothi mchenga: milu, malo achipululu bwino analimbikitsa ndi dzuwa. Iwo kudya tizilombo tina: akangaude, ntchentche, agulugufe yaing'ono.

tizilombo

Zonse mu Red Book wa dera Volgograd olembedwa mitundu 59 tizilombo. Tiyeni tione anthu amene zachilengedwe mantha kwambiri, ndiye iwo zimalembedwa m'buku la manambala 1 kapena 2.

Kornegryz krasnoloby - nthawi yotsiriza kachilomboka uyu amene amakhala yekha mu dera wotsika Volga, anawona mu dera mu 1994. Derali lili malo - Nyanja Elton.

mitundu ina pangozi - chafer yosalala. Izi scarab nthumwi wakonda kukhala lakale, mitengo yakale. Onse chifukwa chafer mphutsi kukhala mu khungwa yoola, ndi akulu kudya mtengo kuyamwa. Ambiri amakonda thundu minda, koma anapezeka ku mitengo ya zipatso monga maapulo ndi mapeyala. Kuchepetsa chiwerengero kugwirizana ndi kudula m'minda akale.

Mwapadera kutetezedwa mu dera Volgograd ndi kachilomboka pa banja la weevils -chetyrehpyatnisty stefanokleonus. Izi imvi tizilombo phulusa ukufika 1.5 masentimita m'litali. Ankakonda malo - steppe, komanso kutchera mphutsi m'nthaka. Akulima ndi kulima minda yatsopano - waukulu kuchepetsa chinthu.

Kutetezedwa m'dera ndi agulugufe. Dzina mitundu angapo: dandelion njenjete, Saturnia Pavonia, acontius Titania, chofiira nyalugwe njenjete, Dawn zegris, Lucyna, neolycaena rhymnus. Kutha kwa mitundu tizilombo amagwirizana ndi chiwonongeko cha malo awo: nkhalango, udzu ndi zitsamba.

nsomba

Anthu ena mayiwe nayenso amafunika ankatetezedwa m'gawo la dera Volgograd. Nawa ena oimira. Choyamba, ndi lamprey, ndi Caspian ndipo Chiyukireniya. Ngati yotsirizira chinaoneka mu Volga beseni posachedwapa (mu Sura Mtsinje), ndi Caspian anakhalapo kuno kamodzi, koma pafupifupi mbisoweka pambuyo yomanga Volgograd damu. Chiyukireniya lamprey ang'onoang'ono Caspian: kutalika thupi la masentimita 20, pamene yotsirizira kufika 55 cm.

Nyama ya m'dera Volgograd, kutchulidwa Red Book - izo ndi nsomba zosiyana siyana. Choncho, makamaka kutetezedwa pano starlet. Ndi membala ka banja la sturgeons imene imafikira 125 masentimita m'litali. Chilombo wakonda invertebrates yaing'ono, nthawi zina adya caviar. Kamakhala kwa zaka 30. Waukulu kuchepetsa zinthu - poaching (a wapatali chakudya nsomba) ndi kuipitsa madzi. Nsombazi amakonda galasi madzi bwino.

Pafupifupi mbisoweka ku madzi a mumapezeka nsomba m'maderawa, beluga Azov ndi Volga hering'i.

zokwawa

Kodi nthumwi za zikuphatikizapo Red Book wa dera Volgograd? Nyama zosiyanasiyana ake, palinso oimira zokwawa lapansi.

Mwachitsanzo, mphiri vulgaris. Ngakhale njoka ili ku colubridae banja kwa anthu si owopsa, iye udzaononga komanso malo awo - woodland glades, ndi bwino analimbikitsa ndi dzuwa. Mphiri akhoza kukhala mwina imvi mu mtundu, ndi lachikasu bulauni kapena zofiirira. kusiyana Aika - gulu kudutsa diso.

Kutetezedwa mu dera Volgograd mitundu iwiri ya njoka: zheltobryuhy ndi Quad. Izi colubridae mitengo wabwino kukwera, pamene iwo chakudya. Munthu si loopsa.

Yekha woimira zokwawa wa Red Book wa dera Volgograd, oopsa kwa anthu - adder Nikolsky. njoka ili ndi tayala mtundu wakuda. Izo wakonda nkhalango lonyowa deciduous m'zigwa mtsinje. Waukulu kuchepetsa zinthu - malo chiwonongeko, misampha ndi kuyanjana ndi mamba wamba.

mbalame

Wina kalasi ya nyama ndiotetezedwa ndi Red Book wa dera Volgograd, - mbalame. Iwo ali 54 mitundu. Tiyeni tione pachiopsezo kwambiri.

Choyamba, kulabadira oimira bakha lapansi. Izi wamng'ono woyera, ndi marbled Tilu, ndi woyera mutu bakha ndi bakha ferruginous. Last mbalame - ndi chosowa kwambiri mlendo Volgograd dera chifukwa chakuti alibe kukaikira mazira okhazikika. Komanso kuchuluka kwa bakha bwanji zochita za anthu zachuma kugwirizana ndi chiwonongeko cha malo awo. Wosaloleka kusaka - chinanso.

Mbalame nkhawa nyama wapadera ndi wapolisi, Pallid Harrier, Wamkulu mabanga Mphungu, Saker Chimphamba, Peregrine Chimphamba ndi Wamng'ono Kestrel.

Kuyambira Galliformes ayenera kuonetsetsa grouse ndi bustard. Mbalame choyamba amakhala nkhalango m'mphepete nkhosa, wachiwiri wakonda steppe. mdani wawo - mwamuna. Bustard anazimiririka chifukwa chitukuko cha steppe pansi pa olimapo, ndi grouse kwakukulukulu chifukwa cha kusaka wosaloleka.

nyama

Nyama ya m'dera Volgograd, kutchulidwa Red Book - ndi Russian Desman (anthu ake pafupifupi mbisoweka chifukwa kuipitsa madzi ndi chiwonongeko cha mapanga), ndi makoswe (kumpoto atatu toed mbewa yoyenda modumpha ndipo masana gerbil). Ogwirira nkhawa kwambiri ndi nthumwi yekha wa banja weasel - ligation.

zomera

Amateteza zomera Red Book wa dera Volgograd. Zimagwidwa ankatsogoleranso. Tiyeni tione ena mwa iwo. Akuti mukhoza kukumana zosiyanasiyana zomera - kuchokera ndere ndi lichens kuti bowa.

Choncho, pansi ankatetezedwa izo anatenga Red Book m'dera Volgograd chomera amene ali oimira bryophytes. Ambiri a iwo. Ife kulemba makamaka chosowa: anomodon longifolia, klimatsium treelike, taksifillum vissgrilli, enkalipta zavitoplodnaya.

Wa Mumapezekanso ndi kupereka Marsilio lokhala ndi ubweya. Zomera wapadera amakhala ku matupi zosakhalitsa madzi, kotero anthu umadalira pa kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu chaka. Komanso, chinthu Kuchepetsa ndi ntchito zachuma munthu: chitukuko cha msipu kwa odyetserako.

primroses mwapadera kutetezedwa ndi dera Volgograd. Red buku adza kwa chitetezo Mwachitsanzo, peony heavy-ntchito, zomwe limamasula oyambirira May. Izi maluwa okongola ndi kukopa tcheru, nchifukwa chake ndi ulesi chifukwa bouquets. Komanso, dera poyera kupondereza pa odyetserako. Wina Primrose Red Book - Russian grouse, a daylilies banja. Tulips Gesner ndi dvuhtsvetkovy komanso amateteza Red Book wa dera Volgograd. Zomera m'gulu izo, zoletsedwa kusokoneza ngakhale kuigwiritsa ntchito pa munthu.