USD: mtundu wa ndalama, ntchito ka chuma mdziko

Mmodzi wa achidule ambiri m'misika ndalama - ndi USD. Kodi mtundu wa ndalama ndi kubisala pansi kuphatikiza makalata, zosavuta ndikuganiza, kuyambira kuchepetsa chipezeka mu mzinda uliwonse, mu ofesi iliyonse kuwombola. USD mu mawonekedwe decrypted zikumveka ngati United States dollar kapena dola United States.

Ndalama zimene dziko la America

Dola US ndiwo amaimira chizindikiro "$". banki malamulo ake ISO chidule cha USD. US ndalama ntchito m'mayiko oposa 18, kuphatikizapo Ecuador ndi Bonaire, malo British a okalamba ndi Virgin Islands, Timor East, El Salvador, Panama ndi Saba, Zimbabwe ndi United States, ena. Iwo limafanana ndi masenti 100.

Ndalama ndi mayiko kuthetsa ndalama. Izi anatsimikiza ndi kufunika kwa dola pa mapeto a Mapangano pakati pa maiko awiri zokhudzana ndi matanthauzo ake ndi katundu katundu. Mmodzi wa ndalama yaikulu mu dziko, kumene ambiri Mapangano chipembedzo m'misika kiyi zachuma, kuphatikizapo mu gawo la mphamvu, ndipo ndi USD. Dola chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa wotuluka kuwombola achilendo pa msika kuwombola lachilendo ndipo ndi chida chofunika kwambiri pa mapeto a malonda ndi wotuluka kuwombola yachilendo, kunyakhe. Mothandizidwa ndi ndalama, anthu a mabizinezi ambiri agwire inshuwalansi poopa m'misika ya mayiko. Voliyumu ya wotuluka pa mitengo Polankhula tsiku ndi tsiku umalandira chandamale cha madola thililiyoni angapo. mlingo USD anatsimikiza ndi mtengo ambiri a ndalama za m'dzikoli, popeza ali nawo ku mayiko dengu ndalama wopangidwa ndi kuchuluka motsutsana ndalama zina ndi yaikulu.

Kagwiritsidwe ziwerengero ya dollar US mu ndikupeleka kuwombola malinga bis

Malinga ndi Bank kwa mayiko midzi (bis), ndicho nkhani dollar kwa buku lalikulu kwambiri wotuluka kuwombola mu dziko. Mu 2011, cholowa utachepa pang'ono ndipo anakwana% 84,9 yekha pa 200% ndi m'mbuyomo 85,6%. Nambala yachiwiri chapamwamba wotuluka kuwombola anagawa yuro ndi yen lapansi. Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha wotuluka kuwombola zokhudza dollar US, anawona mu nthawi ya mavuto padziko lonse dongosolo la% 2-3. Lero tikuona azisiyana. Chithunzi anafika pafupifupi 100%, monga chuma American ndi chikukula tsiku lililonse. Poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena ambiri lero omwe m'mavuto lerolino, United States n'chofunikira lalikulu kutchukitsa chuma padziko lonse.

Mbiri ya dollar US

Dola anapindula udindo wa ndalama zimene dziko la America pambuyo boma ufulu wodzilamulira. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba mbiri boma cha USD. Kodi mtundu wa ndalama mofulumira anakwanitsa kukhala dziko, kutchereza. Woyamba wa mnzake wake - izi ndalama ya siliva, amene pang'onopang'ono m'malo ndi banknotes ndi banknotes Kamaoneka-imvi mtundu. Ngakhale kuti dola kwavomelezedwa mu 1875, kwa 1861 ku America sanali dongosolo logwirizana ndalama. Izo zinali mu 1861, lamulo linaperekedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi kusindikizidwa mamiliyoni 60. madola, umene panthawi imeneyo ankaona kuti ndalama amazipanga lalikulu.

ndalama World

Malinga ndi pangano Bretton Woods mu 1994 pamene dziko ndalama malo kwapatsidwa izo US USD. Kodi mtundu wa ndalama ndi dola, n'zoonekeratu kwa udindo wake. Unit ndalama ntchito pafupifupi m'mayiko onse a dziko kulenga ndalama "chitetezo khushoni", limene nthawi ya mavuto boma amatha kuthandiza chuma pa mlingo mkulu. America pambuyo polandira ndalama wagawo malo udindo ndi mwayi kuphimba kupanda bwino malipiro a dola ndi kulimbikitsa udindo wa makampani m'dera mu msika lonse. Imodzi mwa ndalama mu dziko, amene ali mutu wa uphungu kwambiri madzi mu dziko, - USD. Kodi mtundu wa ndalama ndi zimene zimakhudza lili pa chuma, tikhoza mukuganiza. Pa nthawi, dola ikukula, ndipo lero mu umodzi ndalama botolo la USA kulipira 70 rubles.