Zakudya ndi mtsinje boma

Mumalowedwe zikutanthauza kasamalidwe dongosolo. Mawu amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito potanthauza kuti ndi m'madera ambiri a zochita za anthu, komanso chikhalidwe ozungulira. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi ndi boma la mtsinje. Koma ngati anthu pa moyo kutsatira dongosolo linalake, mu mtsinje, nthawi zambiri amatenga udindo supervisory - limanena Phokoso zikuchitika mu mtsinje wa moyo, ndi kokha zina, akhoza kusokoneza boma watercourse kusintha izo.

item iliyonse ya dziko tinganene mwa kum'patsa ayankhe. Kuphatikizapo makhalidwe anapatsidwa ndi matupi pamwamba madzi - nyanja, nyanja, nyanja, mitsinje, zithaphwi. Likutchedwa mapangidwe uyu wa hydrological. Iwo kwenikweni zikuphatikizapo hydrological boma la mtsinje - akonzedwa mbali yapadera kuti kusintha boma la mtsinje wa nthawi.

Hydrological boma akuwonetseredwa mu diurnal, nyengo ndi osatha oscillations wa madzi ndi wokhutira madzi (pamodzi ndi madzi mode), zochitika ayezi, madzi kutentha, kuchuluka kwa nkhani zizikhala madzi mtsinje hydrochemistry, kusintha mtsinje bedi, ndi mathamangidwe otaya, chisokonezo ndi zochitika zina ndi njira zikuchitika mosalekeza mu mtsinje wa moyo. Zonsezi zina zimapanga ulamuliro wa hydrological mu akaphatikiza ndi kudziwa boma la mtsinje.

Malinga kapena uko pa mtsinje matamanda a madzi, waluso azikopa pa ulamuliro hydrological la mtsinje ndi pa-malamulo mode kapena zachilengedwe (kunyumba). A mbali zonse za boma la mtsinje zofunika kwambiri zothandiza kuperekedwa kwa paulimi. Kukula Mzimuyo m'dera odulidwa madzi, nkhokwe m'zigawozo hydropower, madzi zamitundu uthenga m'deralo.

Mtsinje boma kumatengera zifukwa zambiri: nyengo mpumulo lapadziko, madzi ndi ena. Chinthu chachikulu - madzi mphamvu. Chakudya cha mtsinje ndi kwa mpweya mumlengalenga mu ndondomeko ya kayendedwe ka madzi mu chirengedwe. Madzi kupereka mphamvu mitsinje kugawanitsa mu ayezi, chipale chofewa, mvula ndi pansi. Izi mawu omwewo agwiritsa ntchito liwulo mitundu ya chakudya mitsinje. Nthawi zina n'kovuta bwino chimatanthauza ulamuliro umodzi gwero mphamvu , mawu akuti "wosanganiza mtundu wa chakudya" mtsinje (mtundu mtsinje mphamvu) kenako ntchito.

Gawo (nthawi) amadzimadzi boma mbali khalidwe anawagawa madzi mkulu ndi kusefukira kwa madzi otsika madzi. Chigumula amapezeka chaka nyengo inayake, pali yaitali nyamuka msinkhu ndi sukulu yapamwamba ndi wamkulu madzi okhutira poyerekeza ndi mbali zina. Low madzi komanso ndi nyengo ndi amakhala ndi mlingo wochepa ndi okhutira wotsikitsitsa madzi; pa nthawi ino mtsinje akudyetsedwa makamaka pansi. Kusefukira chibadidwe mofulumira ndi kufupika kofunikira kwambiri ndi yambiri madzi; zidzachitika chifukwa cha mvula, snowmelt.
Zochita za mtsinje wa Nailo: The mtsinje ndi mitsinje zimapezeka dongosolo mtsinje Rukakara-Kager Nile ndi 6852 Km - ndi mtsinje wachiwiri yaitali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nile umayenda kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Rapid otaya mtsinje mu kumtunda ndi pakati pansi pa pang'onopang'ono zoyenda; kuti pakamwa pa Nile ogaŵikana manja ochuluka pafupi ndi Nyanja Mediterranean imagwiritsidwa ankadziwana kwambiri. Neil - kasupe wa moyo mu Sahara chipululu. Pafupifupi anthu onse a anthu a Aigupto (97%) anakakhala pamodzi gombe lake. Permanent watercourse Nile kupereka chaka chonse kunyanja mvula (catchment Malo Blue Nile) ndi mvula m'madera kum'mwera (okulira pa White Nile), ndipo mvula pa mapiri Abyssinian, amatsuka kutali nthaka lotayirira. Mtsinje otaya amanyamula kuyimitsidwa, kuchedwa thanzi matope mu ankadziwana ndi mminad kumene Aiguputo kukolola kuchotsa maulendo 3 chaka. Ulamuliro chigumula, imene mlingo wa madzi mtsinje m'dera Cairo chinawonjezeka ndi 8 m, amene anamuopseza tsoka kwa anthu, anamanga wotchuka Aswan damu. Ndipo tsopano Mtsinje Nile ku malire m'munsi a boma ndi malamulo. Koma pamene Neil yaitali nthawi Volga 3 m'njira chake amanyamula buku madzi m'nthawi 2 ang'onoang'ono.