Akazi a Decembrists

Russia anayeza moyo anazondoketsedwa mu 1825, pa 14 December. Pa tsiku limeneli panali anagalukira wa Decembrists. Iwo anali kuponderezedwa mwankhanza, kufufuza anakopeka 579 ophunzira. Zisanu kuti aphedwe, kuweruzidwa ntchito ya kalavulagaga anthu 120 ku Siberia. Pambuyo pa mlandu itatha, onse amene alamulidwa analengeza zigawenga ndale ndi mwalamulo akufa.

amatanthauza "Imfa ndale" ndiye mwalamulo imfa ya mwamtheradi ufulu wonse wa nzika ya dziko. Akazi a Decembrists anayenera kusankha adzawonongedwa zina. Iwo sakanakhoza wathetsa banja kapena kukhala m'banja. Komanso, akazi ankapatsidwa mwayi kupita kundende amuna. The awiri akadandaule kusudzulana.

Modernity ankadziwa Mayina a akazi khumi - anzake a boma loyamba Russian, ndi Decembrists - kutsatira anthu awo ntchito molimbika Siberia. Iwo sanali mu Poro, sanatenge gawo mu chiwembu Komabe, anapanga kuchita zozizwitsa.

Feat akazi a Decembrists osati chimasonyeza chikondi chawo ndi kudzipereka kwa amuna awo. Kutsogolera anthu pa nthawi imeneyo anayamikira khalidwe lawo, kuwapatsa iwo kufunika yotakata ndale komanso. Kudzipereka kutsatira "boma zigawenga", akazi a Decembrists, komanso amuna awo ndanena motsutsa serfdom ndi autocracy, saopa kutaya phindu lawo ndi maudindo.

Tikumbukenso kuti Nicholas 1, kulenga onse mavuto akazi kuchoka kwa Decembrists. Chimodzi mwa zinthu kuyeza ambiri anali kusiya Russia ana European.

Choyamba anapita kwa mwamuna wake Catherine Trubetskaya. Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, iye anali m'ndende ku Irkutsk Tseydler (kazembe wamba), amene anatumikira Tsarist chinsinsi mankhwala ndi kuchita zonse zimene tingathe kuti zake. Troubetzkoy anali kusaina angapo udindo umene mosatsata ake ufulu yosavuta anthu. Tseydler anati ulendo Duchess mwamuna wake akhoza kutenga malo okhawo pa siteji, pafupi ntchito mwakhama. Komabe, Catherine Trubetskaya anaumirirabe. Pomaliza, iye anapita kwa mwamuna wake.

Kumayambiriro a 1827 ku Siberia, mabomba Nerchinsk pambuyo Troubetzkoy anabwera Aleksandra Muraveva ndi Maria Volkonskaia. Kuyambira pamenepa akufika loyamba la Decembrists akazi anayamba ntchito yawo yolalikira. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka migodi anabwera akazi ena: Alexander Yentaltseva Anna Rosen, Aleksandra Davydova, Natalia Fonvizin, Elizabeth Naryshkin, Camilla Ivashov, Praskovya Annenkov, Maria Yushnevsky.

Akaidi "boma zigawenga" ankaletsedwanso kulemba makalata. Akazi a Decembrists anakhazikitsa ubale ndi achibale akaidi. dzina akazi anafika mabuku, kuphatikizapo anthu achilendo.

Anafika ku Siberia akazi anakhala chabe. Iwo anali kuphika, kuchapa, kutenthetsa mbaula. Ndi mu zinthu izi, achinyamata achifumu kumvetsa mtengo wa moyo.

Mkazi wa Nikita Muravyov, Alexander, kunyalanyaza ngozi, anabweretsa linapereka ntchito za Pushkin, odzipereka Pushchin ( "bwenzi langa loyamba," "Mu Siberia"). Ngati pa kufufuza iye anapeza ndakatulo, iye adzakhala mu ndende.

Aleksandra Muraveva ankakhala ku Siberia yaitali. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthamanga pa lathyathyathya kwa ana m'chipinda mwamuna wake, iye anaona chimfine ndi kufa msanga.

Izo sizinali mu msasawu ndi akazi awiri (Troubetzkoy ndi Ivasheva). akazi atatu amasiye; analoledwa kubwerera pambuyo chikhululukiro ambiri mu 1856. akazi awiri anapita ku Caucasus ndi amuna awo (Naryshkin ndi Rosen). akazi atatu ndi anamasulidwa - anabwerera pambuyo Amnesty mu gawo European wa dziko (Annenkov, Volkonskaia, Fonvizin).

Decembrists ndi akazi awo anabwerera patatha zaka makumi atatu limasonyeza amazindikira ndale. kudana ndi serfdom ndi autocracy akutsatiridwa zaka zonsezi.