Anthu zakwawoko wa Kamchatka

Limodzi mwa madera akutali kwambiri a Russia ndi Kamchatka Peninsula. Chiwerengero cha ichi gawo la dziko ndi sakanikira kwambiri zikuchokera mitundu, ngakhale ndi predominance bwino Russian. Izi fuko anayamba kukhazikika m'dera limeneli kokha kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma XVIII. Koma anthu eni nthaka ku Kamchatka, anthu amene ankakhala kale pa chilumba cha, pang'ono ndi pang'ono kusungunuka anthu ambiri. Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za magulu awa mitundu ya m'dera Kamchatka.

General makhalidwe zaziwerengero

Akuyendera kuphunzira anthu zamakolo ayenera mudziwe chiwerengero cha Kamchatka lero ambiri. Izi zikhoza kutithandiza kumvetsa ndi udindo wa anthu ameneŵa mu moyo wamakono derali.

Choyamba, muyenera kupeza chiwerengero cha anthu mu Kamchatka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zaziwerengero. Chiwerengero cha Kamchatka kuti tsiku ndi 316,1 zikwi. Anthu. Ndi kokha mlingo 78 mphindi zigawo 85 Russian.

Koma malo Kamchatka Krai chikuchitika chakhumi mu dziko pakati pa nzika za boma. Ndi 464,3 zikwi sq M.. Km. Kudziwa anthu Kamchatka ndi malo ake, n'zotheka kuwerengera osalimba. chizindikiro chimenechi chimodzi cha zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri ziwerengero zaziwerengero. osalimba a anthu mu Kamchatka pa nthawiyo anthu 0,68 okha / sq. m. Km. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa otsika ku Russia. Malinga ndi muyezo izi Kamchatka dera ali 81 TH malo mwa zigawo 85 dziko.

zikuchokera National

Tsopano tiyenera kuyang'ana pa anthu Kamchatka mu chigawo yosiyanasiyana. Itithandiza kudziwa anthu olankhula zinenero zamakolo a M'dera anthu ambiri.

Ethnically, anthu a Kamchatka ali ndi mtundu wa amene amachuluka pa ena onse. Izi Russian. chiwerengero chawo chimachititsa 252,6 zikwi. Anthu, kapena kuposa 83% ya chiwerengero cha anthu a m'deralo. Koma Russian - si chinthu anthu a m'dziko la Kamchatka.

The mbali yofunika ya kupanga anthu Kamchatka alinso Ukrainians. Iwo kwambiri zosakwana Russian, koma mtundu uwu ndi magulu wachiwiri kukula mitundu m'derali, mlandu oposa 3.5% ya chonse cha anthu a m'chigawo.

Yachitatu - mu Koryak. Fuko lino ndi kale anthu mbadwa ya Kamchatka. cholowa mu misa okwana anthu dera liri pa 2%.

mayiko ena monga nthumwi m'dzikoli komanso sanali m'deralo, amene akukhala pa Kamchatka Peninsula, zambiri otsika chiwerengero atatu a anthu awa. The gawo okwana aliyense wa iwo sadali ngakhale ku 0,75% ya chonse cha anthu. Pakati pa anthu awa ochepa ku Kamchatka ayenera allocated Itelmen, Chitata, Belarusians, Evens, Kamchadals, Chukchi, Korea.

anthu ameneŵa

Choncho kodi dziko m'dziko Kamchatka? Kuwonjezera Koryak, zimene tinakambirana pamwamba, kuti amitundu amene ali mbadwa ya pachilumbachi, ndi Itelmens.

Onekerani Kamchadals amene subethnos anthu Russian amene anapanga chizindikiro chawo fuko ndi ku Kamchatka.

Aliyense anthu awa, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu.

Koryak: onse mudziwe

Monga tanena Koryak ndi dziko lachitatu waukulu wa Kamchatka, ndipo motero, oyambirira chiwerengero cha akuluakulu a anthu a m'dziko la m'chigawo cha kumpoto.

Chiwerengero cha mtundu uwu wa 7.9 zikwi. Anthu. A iwo amakhala Kamchatka 6,6 zikwi. Pers., Amene ali basi pa 2% ya chiwerengero cha anthu m'derali. Makamaka anthu ndi dziko kuperekedwa kumpoto kwa Kamchatka Gawo, pamene chigawo Koryak. Ndi wamba m'dera Magadan ndi Chukotka.

Ambiri Koryak tsopano kulankhula Russian, koma chinenero chawo mbiri ndi Koryak. Izo zili m'gulu la Chukchi-Koryak nthambi Chukchi-Kamchatkan chinenero banja. Apafupi kwambiri zokhudzana ndi chinenero Chukchi ndi Aliutor. Last amamuona ena akatswiri a zinenero monga subspecies wa Koryak.

mtundu uwu m'magulu awiri mitundu: Titafika pamalo ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja Koryak.

Titafika pamalo Koryak kudziona chavchuveny, amene anamasuliridwa kuti "mphalapala" ndipo makamaka woyendayendawu moyo Titafika pamalo lalikulu ndi kuswana mphalapala. m'chinenero chawo primordial Koriak m'njira yopapatiza akuti. Chavchuveny kugawidwa mu subethnos zotsatirazi: Parenzo, Kamenz, apukintsy, itkantsy.

M'mphepete mwa nyanja Koryak kudziona nymylany. Iwo, mosiyana chavchuvenov, amangokhala. ntchito yawo yaikulu - nsomba. chinenero choyambirira cha fuko - Aliutor, zomwe ife tatchulazi. Waukulu magulu boma mitundu nymylanov: Alyutors, karagintsy, palantsy.

Akhristu ambiri Koryak tsopano - Orthodox Akristu, ngakhale kuchotsako akadali ndithu amphamvu a mizimu, wochokera ku miyambo ya anthu.

Nyumba Koryaks ndi yarang amene ali wapadera mliri wonyamulikayu.

nkhani ya Koryak

Tsopano tiyeni tione zimene nkhani ya Koryak. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti makolo awo, ukhale gawo la Kamchatka mwamsanga woyamba Zakachikwi AD. Iwo anapita mu mbiri monga oimira otchedwa chikhalidwe cha Okhotsk.

Koryak dzina loyamba anayamba kuoneka pa masamba a zikalata Russian m'zaka za m'ma XVII. Ichi chinali chifukwa kubwera Russian mu Siberia ndi Far East. Ulendo woyamba wa dera Russian amatanthauza 1651. Kungoyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XVII anayamba kugonjetsa Kamchatka, Russia. Vladimir anayamba Atlas ake, amene pamodzi analanda midzi angapo Koryak ndi chipani chake. Komabe, Koryak osati kamodzi anakweza kupanduka. Koma pamapeto, kupanduka onse kuletsedwa. Motero, anthu Kamchatka, kuphatikizapo Koryak, anakhala nzika Russian.

Mu 1803, a Region Kamchatka anakhazikitsidwa mu Russian Ufumu. Koryak moyo makamaka Gizhiginskaya ndi Petropavlovsk m'maboma a unit utsogoleri.

Pambuyo pa October utasintha mu 1930 anapereka dziko Koryak kudziyimira pawokha. Choncho Koryak Autonomous District unakhazikitsidwa. Mu 1934 membala wa dera Kamchatka, pokhalabe padera awo. The likulu anali m'mudzi m'tauni ya Palana.

Utatha wa Soviet Union mu 1991, Koryak Autonomous District, pamene otsala gawo la Region Kamchatka, analandira ufulu wa Federation lapansi. Mu 2005, referendum ndi unachitikira, zomwe zinachititsa 2007-mamita adakwaniritsidwa kugwirizana kwa a Koryak Autonomous District ndi dera Kamchatka. Umu ndi momwe dera Kamchatka. Koryak Autonomous District kunatha monga mutu wa boma, ndi mu malo ake unakhazikitsidwa Koryak chigawo - Kupititsa wagawo, zomwe ndi mbali ya Kamchatka Gawo, ndipo pokhala ndi udindo, koma wopanda ufulu kale. The zinenero boma la unit Kupititsa ndi Koryak ndi Russian.

Pa nthawi, Russian amapanga 46,2% ya anthu a m'chigawo Koryak, ndipo Koryak - 30,3%, amene ali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa kwina mu Kamchatka Gawo.

Itelmen: makhalidwe ambiri

Anthu enanso zamakolo za Kamchatka ndi Itelmens.

chiwerengero chawo okwana ndi za 3.2 zikwi. Man. Awa, 2.4 zikwi. Living m'dera Kamchatka, kupanga izo 0,74% ya chonse cha anthu, motero wachinayi waukulu fuko m'chigawochi. Mtundu wonse uwu amakhala m'chigawo Magadan.

Zambiri Itelmens anaikira mu Milkovsky ndi Tigilskiy madera ena a Kamchatka Gawo, komanso malo ake utsogoleri - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Makamaka Itelmens kulankhula mu Russian, koma chilankhulo wawo ndi Itelmen, kutanthauza Itelmen nthambi Chukchi-Kamchatkan chinenero banja. Tsopano chinenero ili imfa ya.

Itelmens Mkhristu Orthodox, koma, monga mwa Koryak, ali zotsala wokongola bwino anayamba wa zipembedzo zakale.

Ntchito yaikulu ya Itelmens kuti si anasamukira ku mzinda ndipo amakhala mu kachitidwe miyambo, ndi nsomba.

History Itelmens

Itelmen - mtundu wa Kamchatka. Ambiri a iwo amakhala ndi theka kum'mwera kwa chilumba cha kumpoto kupereka Koryak. Pa nthawi ya kufika kwa Russian chiwerengero chawo chinali kuposa 12,5 zikwi. Cel. Choncho choposa nambala panopa nthawi 3.5.

Pambuyo chiyambi cha kugonjetsa Kamchatka Itelmen chiwerengero mwamsanga yafupika. Yogonjetsa dziko loyamba la anthu anayamba chimodzimodzi Vladimir Buku la mapu onse. Iye anayenda chilumba kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera. Pambuyo kupha ake, ogwira nawo ntchito ake 1711 akuchita kugonjetsa Itelmens anapitiriza Daniel Antsiferov. Iye anali mu nkhondo zingapo anathyola Itelmen, koma 1712 unawotchedwa ndi iwo, pamodzi ndi kumuwombera wake.

Komabe, sikunali kotheka kuti asiye ulendo wa Russian ufumu pa Kamchatka Itelmen ndipo kenako anagonjetsa. Mu 1740, kukaona a Vitus Bering anali anakhazikitsa likulu kufala kwa chikoka Russian mu chilumba - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Poyamba lotchedwa Russian Itelmen Kamchadals, koma kenako anapatsidwa dzina munakhala kwa mitundu ina, amene tikambirana pansipa.

Kamchadals ndi ndani?

Limodzi la magulu boma mtundu wa Kamchatka, amene ankaona kuti aliri Kamchadals. Limeneli liyenera amachita ngati mphukira wa mtundu mtundu Russian. Kamchadals - mbadwa ya atsamunda oyambirira Russian pa Kamchatka Peninsula, pang'ono kutengera am'deralo, makamaka Itelmens, lomwe kale amadzitcha deta Russian ethnonym.

Panopa chiwerengero cha Kamchadals ndi za 1,9 zikwi. Man. . Mwa awa, 1.6 zikwi miyoyo Kamchatka, ndipo pafupifupi 300 anthu ambiri - m'dera Magadan.

Kamchadals kulankhula mu Russian, ndi maziko a chikhalidwe chawo ndi chikhalidwe cha mtundu titular la Russia. Komabe, ena yaikulu, ndipo anthu ameneŵa ali, chifukwa kwambiri Itelmens gawo.

mbali anthropological alionse zamakolo

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe gulu la anthu ndi anthu a m'dziko la Kamchatka.

Koryak ndi Itelmen akhoza bwinobwino amati ndi otsika Arctic mpikisano. Mu njira ina imatchedwa Eskimo ndi nthambi ya kumpoto lalikulu Mongoloid mpikisano. Izi subrasa mbali pafupi anthropological kuti Mongoloids chokhala ndi ku Pacific.

Ovuta kwambiri choncho ndi Kamchadals mtundu uwu wa mtundu losanganikirana. Mu Kamchadals ogwirizana zizindikiro za Caucasoid ndi mitundu Mongoloid, kuyambira Ndipotu, gulu fuko chifukwa cha kuyanjana Russian ndi anthu wakale wa Kamchatka. Izi mtundu mitundu otchedwa Ural.

mphamvu anthu

Pa zaka zapitazi zana, chiwerengero cha anthu a m'dziko la Kamchatka ali kwambiri utachepa. Zimenezi chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo.

Mu nthawi ya kulamulira kwa Russian Ufumu Kamchatka kwambiri ntchito kuchepetsa chiwerengero m'dera ankaimba mliri, ndi kupulula anthu ameneŵa mu chimango cha malamulo a kulamulira. Pa nthawi ina pali chikhalidwe kuloŵerera. Zinali chifukwa chakuti kukhala kazembe wa anthu olankhula zinenero zamakolo wakhala anachepetsa. Choncho, ana a mabanja wosanganiza amakonda kudzitchula Russian.

ziyembekezo

Ziyembekezo za pofuna kukwaniritsa anthu olankhula zinenero zamakolo za Kamchatka ndi yosokoneza kwambiri. boma la Russia anayamba kulimbikitsa kukhalanso wa anthu a m'dera mokomera matsimikizidwe a mtundu wa Koryak, Itelmen kamchadalskoy kapena dziko ndi oimira magulu awa mitundu angapo ubwino. Koma izi momveka sikokwanira, monga kudzikonda chizindikiritso cha munthu ndi oimira ing'onoing'ono dziko sizikupanga chikhalidwe chapachiyambi cha anthu a wamba. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chiwerengero cha Itelmens panopa waima pa 3.1 zikwi. Anthu amene ali oposa kawiri chithunzi mu 1980, chiwerengero cha okamba za chinenero Itelmen ali anthu 82 okha, kutsimikizira ikutha ake.

Dera amafuna ndalama ndalama mu chikhalidwe cha mitundu ang'onoang'ono moti anthu ambiri amafuna kuphunzira Kamchatka.

mfundo General

Taphunzira kale anthu zakwawoko wa Kamchatka, anthu a dera kumpoto kum'mawa kwa dziko lathu. Kumene, pa mphindi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe chapachiyambi cha magulu mitundu masamba kwambiri wolakalakika, koma mabungwe akuyesetsa kuti anthu onsewa, zilankhulo ndi miyambo yawo kuti silinathe kwathunthu.

Tiyeni ndikuyembekeza kuti m'tsogolo chiwerengero cha oimira anthu ameneŵa a Kamchatka zingawonjezere yekha.