Boma ndalama kutengerapo. Kusamutsa ndalama - ziri ...

Choka malipiro - malipiro mu mawonekedwe a malipilo anthu, mabungwe alamulo, komanso makampani ena omwe si boma. Iwo anagwira kuthandiza mabungwe awa ndi zinthu chowawa chuma dziko. Bukuli lili pa kusokonekera kwa chuma bajeti mokomera anthu wochotseka.

tanthauzo

Choka malipiro ali ang'onoang'ono kuti mabizinezi a osiyana mitundu umwini, anthu opanga Russian kupereka chiwongoladzanja pa ngongole boma. Mu mndandanda inu amatha kapena malipiro a ndalama chifukwa cha zofuna okhudzidwa: maphunziro, penshoni, malipiro a ndalama zofunikira.

Kuphunzira ndalama kutengerapo zokhudzana ndi tanthauzo la mtengo anawonjezera ku chilli ntchito iliyonse. Mtengo wake anatsimikiza mtima kusiyana pakati pa mtengo analengedwa ndi kuzindikira wotsatira wa mankhwala anamaliza ndi ndalama kugwirizana ndi kupeza zipangizo. Otchedwa anawonjezera phindu amasonyeza chopereka weniweni aliyense kampani kulenga chomaliza mankhwala mu mawonekedwe a phindu, malipiro depreciation.

Kulongosola kwa malipiro tranfernyh

malipiro Choka zikugwirizananso mu mawerengedwe a GDP. Mu nkhani iyi, ayenera kuganizira mtengo wa katundu ndiponso kuti amapangidwa (anapereka) mu nyengo ilili. Komabe, mfundo analandira ali subtracted ena ntchito si lokhalamo, wopangidwa mwa mitundu iwiri ya katundu ndi resell wotuluka mwangwiro ndalama.

Mitundu ya ndalama kutengerapo

Mu mtundu uwu chachiwiri ntchito si kupanga lagawidwa mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Boma ndalama kutengerapo, malinga penshoni, stipends, thandizo ulova, mphatso ndi thandizo Magulu osiyanasiyana osowa.
• Private ndalama kutengerapo, amene anapanga Mwachitsanzo, kuthandiza ophunzira kwa makolo awo, mphatso za achibale olemera ndi zina zotero. N. ntchito Amenewa si chifukwa cha ntchito mafakitale, ndi kuchitira zinthu monga kusintha ndalama za munthu mmodzi payekha ndi mzake.

Choncho, pali wina, timapangira tanthauzo. Choka malipiro - ndi osasinthika ndi unilateral kulanda umwini, ndalama, katundu ndi ntchito mwa ntchito zachuma pa ena bezoplatnoy maziko. Ndicho chifukwa chake ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'munda wa masheya (mwachitsanzo, kugulitsa ndi kugula msinga ndi m'matangadza) Komanso kudzipatula mu mawerengedwe a GDP, chifukwa ntchito izi ndi kuwombola yosavuta katundu pepala cholinga cha kusokonekera kwa chuma.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Wina zoperekazo mu 1944 inkakhala makamaka chidwi pa ngongole boma ndi ubwino m'dera la zotchinjiriza moyo. Choka malipiro sanali malipiro katundu. Chotero, komanso amachotsedwa GDP lapansi. Mu m'ma mwachindunji lilibe ndi ndalama analandira ndi boma, ankayimiridwa ngati malipiro kusintha. Ndi mu 1944 ankaikira nkhani za ndalama kutengerapo misonkho inshuwalansi chikhalidwe. Komabe, m'zaka wotsatira pambuyo nkhondo, nkhanizi kale idaleka moyenera mzake. Choncho, malamulo waukulu ntchito zaka onse a m'nthawi yathu ino, ndi kufunika kuchotsera kuchuluka kwa ndalama kutengerapo itachotsedwa malisiti ndalama kwambiri m'dziko. Only ndi aligorivimu ili, kuchuluka kwa misonkho ndi Kuwonjezera ndalama aakulu adzakhala ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama pagulu molumikizana ndi ndalama lalikulu.

Kusamutsa ndalama kwa anthu

Mtundu wa malipiro zokhudzana "unearned" gulu. M'mawu ena, si malipiro mwachindunji kwa potumikira ndiponso mukhoza kunena kuti ngati gulu zachuma monga ndalama kutengerapo. Izi munazipereka, phindu la inshuwalansi chikhalidwe, lomwe linaperekedwa kwa anthu pantchito kapena okalamba. Kachiwiri, pano akhoza zimachitika ubwino ndi anamenyela nkhondo. Ndipo potsiriza, lachitatu, ndalama kutengerapo monga malipiro chidwi pa ngongole boma. Motero, ndalama munthu wa nzika iliyonse ya Russia zikuphatikizapo malipiro yopanga ndi kugulitsa katundu ndi ndalama kutengerapo. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo kuchokera ndalama anapanga posungira zopereka chikhalidwe chitetezo malipilo. M'pofunika kulenga mgwirizano ena mu chuma cha boma ndi kulenga maziko malipiro kutengerapo wotsatira.

Mmene lamulo boma pa ndalama kutengerapo

Kutsogoza yaikulu ya boma lamulo zachuma ndi kukonzanso ndi reorientation wakuchita tsopano kutaya boma m'dziko la gawo zachuma. Mu gawo ili ngati pali kusintha kwakukulu zokhudzana ndi zolinga za, njira ntchito ndi asilikali a chamoyo maofesi a m'boma. Mu nthawi imeneyi, pangakhale mavuto kugwirizana ndi harmonization wa gawo wogwila boma akumeneko ndi payekha gawo zachuma.

ndalama kutengerapo Gwero

Pakuti uziyenda bwino boma ayenera kukhala gawo chuma cha Amalawi chuma panopa msika. Choncho, choyamba cha phukusi boma ndi akuyendetsa ndi dzanja lake, lomwe kumaonekera kukhazikitsa miyezo umalimbana kuchepetsa ndalama lochitira. Msika ano zimalimbikitsa lochitira izi kufalitsidwa kwa ndalama national mwa nzika. Lero, mwa kuchuluka ambiri, umphawi apitiriza kukhala chaukali mavuto andale ndi azachuma. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa ndalama kutengerapo kumathandiza kuti kusokonekera kwa revenues msonkho chifukwa malipiro ndi boma kuti ena zigawo za anthu mu mawonekedwe a ubwino ena (monga ulova kapena nkhondo anamenyela), komanso malipiro zotchinjiriza moyo. Choncho, ang'onoang'ono izi zimapanga ena otaya chuma, zomwe si nthawi zonse afanane ndi ndalama. Nthawi zambiri ali mu mawonekedwe a mipherezero kapena njira ya malipiro mu mtundu (mwachitsanzo, mwana chakudya lonena). Kwa malipiro ukulu macroeconomics kutengerapo ayenera kuchita masamu quantitatively, monga kuwapeza kuchuluka chofunika zimadalira kuchuluka kwa ndalama msonkho. Ndipotu, misonkho gwero chachikulu kulanda ndalama.

Zifukwa sanali mupezeke GDP ndi

Kulephera monga iwo Uwerenge GDP chifukwa chosowa ndalama monga chifukwa cha ulimi wa mankhwala atsopano, pali chabe kusokonekera kwa ndalama okwana. malipiro Choka ayenera m'gulu okha ogula payekha ndalama ndi ndalama ndalama za makampani (mu mawonekedwe a ndalamachi).

Pamene otaya izi ndalama payekha ndi pang'ono refundable malipiro backflow afanane ndi ndalama kutengerapo.