Chithunzi Political Heydar Aliyev: yonena, zimaonetsa zinthu ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Aliev Geydar Alireza oglu (anabadwa 05/10/23 mu Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan - 12.12.03 anafa Cleveland, USA) - Chiazebajani States, amene kwa zaka 30 wakhala umodzi wa andale otchuka a dziko monga kazembe ndi wapampando wa Republican KGB, Mlembi Republican chipani Communist ndi kuponderezedwa ndi authoritarian pulezidenti wa palokha Azerbaijan.

Mafuta ndi Nagorno-Karabakh

Heydar Aliyev, amene yonena udzatha pa zaka 80, anali mtsogoleri wa Azerbaijan kuyambira 1969 (ndi kupuma pang'ono) mpaka October 2003 ndipo wakhala kusandulika kwa mtsogoleri chipani Brezhnev nyengo mu waubwenzi kwa mayiko a azungu. Mu ulamuliro wake udakumbukika ndi zochitika ziwiri: malonda Caspian mafuta (ndi "mgwilizano m'ndende ya Century) ndi mkangano ndi Armenia pa gawo adatsutsana za Nagorno-Karabakh - ndi enclave mkati Azerbaijan ndi ambiri anthu Chiameniya.

Mtsogoleri wa boma palokha Aliyev nakulitsa chifanizo cha ofuna kusintha. Ambiri Komabe, iye ndi munthu amene anatsogolera dziko salemekeza ufulu wa munthu, kumene chivundi ambiri anayamba kuvala boma.

Heydar Aliyev: yonena

Mtundu - Chiazebajani. Mwana wa ntchito sitima Aliyev anabadwa mu Nakhichevan, ndi exclave Chiazebajani ku Armenia. Anamaliza ndi mphamvu mbiri ya Baku State University ndiyeno Institute Industrial. Mu nthawi ya pakati pa 1941 ndi 1944. Aliyev wabweza nsinga za ndale malo functionary achikulire wa Party Communist mu kwawo. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake, iye pang'onong'ono anamuponya kunja kwa iye pambuyo Mphekesera kugwiriridwa ndi malire a voti imodzi yokha.

dzina lake ndi malo Aliyev kum'patsa KGB, kukwera kudzera m'gulu la Azerbaijan State Security Service kwa zaka ziwiri asanakhale Wachiwiri mutu wa bungwe mu 1964 ndipo anatsogolera ake patapita zaka zitatu.

Mu 1969, Heydar Aliyev anaikidwa mlembi woyamba wa Party Communist la Azerbaijan. Wambiri ya mtsogoleri wa Republic mu 1982, Polemeretsedwa mwambo kuukitsidwa wake monga membala wodzala ndi Politburo wa CPSU Committee Central. Aliyev anali wosamala kwambiri polimbana ndi woyang'anira wake ndipo anakhala mmodzi wa anzake a pamtima. Kuti Ulendo Brezhnev ku Baku mu 1982, mwachitsanzo, anamanga nyumba ntchito lenileni la Mlembi-General wa. Mtsogoleri Soviet anali kumeneko mausiku awiri, kenako yachifumu chinatsekedwa.

chamanyazi

Kusankhidwa kwa Mikhail Gorbachev monga mtsogoleri Soviet mu 1985 Kunasonyeza kusintha lakuthwa mu tsoka andale a Aliyev. Analema mu masamba a limba kusindikizidwa Komiti chapakati cha CPSU, "Pravda" ziphuphu pa kukonzanso, iye anakhala munthu mwa anthu oyamba - alonda akale. Mu 1987, Gorbachev makirediti mpando wake mu Politburo, kukhonda kusiya malo ake monga mutu wa Party Communist la Azerbaijan. Zinaoneka kuti ntchito yake yatha. Atatsala pang'ono mkazi wake anamwalira Geydara Alieva.

mfundo yonena kachiwiri chikugwirizana ndi Nakhichevan - ndi apo, mu mzinda kwawo, ndipo Heydar mongoyembekezera anabwerera. Mu 1990, ndi lili ndi akatswiri ake khalidwe ndale Aliyev anasiya ntchito ku Party Communist, amati zionetsero zochitika za Black January, pamene Soviet akasinja adagulung'undisa mu Baku ndi anthu wamba ambiri anaphedwa.

ufulu

mfundo kubwerera anali inapita pobatizidwa mofulumira Azerbaijan m'chigawo cha chisokonezo mkati kuyambira wodzilamulira mu 1991 ndi kulephera kukwaniritsa chigonjetso msanga Nagorno-Karabakh. Mu 1992, Abulfaz Elchibey, mtsogoleri wa Popular Front, amene anatsogolera gulu ufulu anakhala munthu woyamba wa demokalase osankhidwa pulezidenti, koma anali mtsogoleri ofooka.

kuti sakanakhoza nachiritsidwa, Heydar Aliyev anaitanidwa kuthandiza boma mu Baku. mfundo yonena anapanga kukhota lakuthwa kumbuyo. Pamene June 1993 Elchibey anathawira likulu, pambuyo kulanda boma anayesa, Aliev anakhala akuchita pulezidenti. Iye anapita pa kuthana ndi chiwembu chofuna kupewa nkhondo yapachiweniweni, ndipo anatsimikizira monga mutu wa dziko kupyolera referendum unachitikira mu October chaka chomwecho.

Mutu wa boma

Izo zidakula mu gawo wamagazi pansi Aliyev Karabakh nkhondo. Pamene iye anabwera kwa mphamvu, ku Armenia Alimbikitsa udindo wawo m'dera wotanganidwa wa Azerbaijan, koma zochita zankhondo ikuchitika. Mu December 1993, Aliyev anayamba kuchita m'ziwawa ntchito ya usilikali, zomwe miyezi 18. Zinali nthawi imeneyi anataika ambiri akuvutika 30,000 nkhondo. Chifukwa cha nkhondo 750,000 Azerbaijanis anakakamizika kusiya nyumba zawo.

Aliyev anali ankhanza otsutsa ndale. Iye analimbitsa mphamvu zake, kuwayika ali chifungulo cha abwenzi ake ku Nakhichevan. Ngakhale kusakhutira kukula ndi boma chifukwa linalephera kupeza njira yothetseratu vuto Nagorno Karabakh kapena kupirira mavuto umoyo ndi zachuma a nkhondo, ngakhale kuti chivundi zonse a boma, Aliyev wakhala wokhoza ubwenzi lokha kuchokera kusakhutira anthu. Mu October 1998, ndondomeko anali mpando ndi mavoti ndi 76% ya mavoti onse, pamene magulu otsutsa ndi maiko a kunja ananena kuti anakayikira zoti zinachitika.

geopolitics

Aliev anali lipenga khadi mu mawonekedwe a chuma mafuta Nyanja Caspian, komanso iye akanatha kuyenda mu zovuta geopolitical ndikuyenda Caucasus, umboni za lili ndi akatswiri ndale. Relations ndi United States ndi Western Europe amadziwika kusaina mgwirizano 1997 ndi bungwe la International Mafuta Consortium, zomwe makampani kumadzulo nawo yaikulu mu Nyanja ya Caspian. Kuthandizana ndi zimphona mafuta yachilendo, makamaka kwambiri ndi "British Mafuta", Aliyev n'kukhala wa asilikali a galimoto citukuko ca payipi Baku-Ceyhan payipi, amene Cholinga zonyamula mafuta Caspian ku West kudzera Georgia ndi Turkey.

Ntchito payipi walimbitsa asapita kuvuta ndi Moscow, koma mutu wa Azerbaijan anakwanitsa kupewa kusiyiratu. Kufanana pakati pa maiko awiri anali pa mlingo wochepa pa utsogoleri Borisa Eltsina, koma pamene mphamvu mu Russia wabwera maphunziro a KGB, Vladimir Putin, Heydar Aliyev, amene yonena anali m'gulu uyu anali kupeza chibwenzi. wandale komanso lolunjika pa kulenga ubale wamphamvu ndi Turkey. Relations ndi Iran, amene ali pafupifupi 14 miliyoni. Tsankho Azerbaijanis poyera kuthandiza Armenia, muulamuliro wake, pang'onopang'ono alinkuthedwa.

mzera

Aliev sanali nawo chisankho mu October 2003, kutchula amadwaladwala. Icho chinali choyamba dynastic motsatizana mu Soviet Union, pamene pulezidenti ndi mwana wake Ilham. OSCE ananena kuti voti sankachita zofuna za mayiko, kenako zachiwawa.

Ngakhale Aliyev yoimira boma la thanzi lawo, palibe zikuonetsa kuwonongeka kwa nzeru zake. Anakhalabe mapeto lakuthwa ndi wozindikira chithunzi.

12.12.03 anafa mtsogoleri wa Chiazebajani anthu Aliev Geydar Alievich. mfundo yonena ankafunika pa Cleveland Clinic mu US. Heydar m'manda mu Alley wa Ulemerero Baku.

Heydar Aliyev: yonena, banja

Mu 1948, wandale tsogolo anakwatira Zarifa Aziz. October 12, 1955 anali ndi mwana wamkazi Sevil, ndi December 24, 1961, mwana Ilham. Ana anapulumuka bambo awo. mkazi wake, wotchuka maso, pulofesa academician wa Academy of Sciences la Azerbaijan, anamwalira ndi kansa mu 1985.

Zovomereza-Western wolamulira

chakuti akale KGB kapitawo anakhala kwambiri ovomereza-British wayikidwa, izo zinali chifukwa cha mlili wa ntchito kwambiri kuti wabweza ku Azerbaijan kampani "British Mafuta". Chiyembekezo cha akusandutsa nkhokwe yaikulu mafuta ndi mpweya mu dziko la ndalama zake chitukuko kwakukulukulu amadalira payipi kudzera Georgia ndi Turkey, imene Russia sanamve changu.

zaka zana zapitazo, Baku anali mafuta likulu la dziko, ndipo ena mwa ulemerero anataya kubwezeretsedwa lero. Kutsegula nkhokwe zatsopano ndi akuluakulu analola Aliyev kukwaniritsa, osachepera ku likulu, pamlingo winawake kulemera, kenako mwamphamvu containment wa dissent ndale. Ndipo mwana wake anathandiza patsogolo uwu wa kupita patsogolo chuma.

Kupenda zimene munthu wodziwika kwambiri pa nkhani ya sukulu yakale Union Aliev Geydar Alireza, mbiri yake, munali kuti osachepera theka la zimene ankadziwa kuti akanachititsa chopereka kwambiri ku kumvetsa kwathu kwa nyengo, zomwe zikuwoneka kutali.

maulemu

Aliyev anali kupereka angapo mphoto ndi mendulo, mphoto lonse, osankhidwa wolemekezeka dokotala mabungwe maphunziro apamwamba m'mayiko ambiri.

Iye ndi kasanu ankalemekeza Order la Lenin, dongosolo la Red Star walandira, mendulo ambiri, ndipo mendulo ya kumayiko ena. Iye kawiri kupereka mutu Hero wa Socialist Labor.

Mu 1997, Aliyev anali kupereka mwapamwamba Chiyukireniya Order Yaroslava Mudrogo mu 1999 analandira Turkey Ataturk Peace Prize ndi mutu wa Aulemu Professor wa Moscow State University.

Mu 2003, Aliyev anasankhidwa pulofesa ndi membala wodzala ndi Academy of Security, Kumenyana ndi malamulo malamulo a nkhani Russian Federation. Iye anali kupereka dongosolo la Andropov ndi Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Mu 2004, izo analengedwa ndi Geydara Alieva Foundation. Wambiri States, lokonzedwa ndi a Institute of History wa Academy of Sciences la Azerbaijan, linasindikizidwa mu 2013.