Dzheyms Dzhoys: yonena, zolembalemba cholowa

Dzheyms Dzhoys, amene yonena akufotokozedwa mu nkhani iyi, ndi wotchuka kwambiri woimira chimakono ku Ireland. ntchito yake zolembalemba yathandiza yaikulu chikhalidwe dziko kwa zaka za m'ma 20.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Joyce anabadwa mu 1882 kum'mwera kwa Dublin, m'dera la Rathgar. banja lake linali lalikulu kwambiri (ana khumi). Atate Dzhon Dzhoys poyamba tikugwira bizinesi - vinyo malonda. Koma popeza ali bwino odziwa zochitika, mwamsanga zinatha. Iye amayenera kupeza ofesi yokhomera msonkho. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito ya ntchito sanali fumbi, koma pali John sizinakhalitse. Kenako zambiri anasintha ntchito. Pamodzi ndi mkazi wake Meri Dzheyn, iwo anafunika zambiri, James ana ankakhala mu pafupifupi dera lililonse ku Dublin.

Ndipotu udindo wonse banja anagwa pa mapewa a mayi. Iye anali ndi penshioni wodzichepetsa, imene onse moyo. John-Playboy siziri kusokoneza zinthu izi. Iwo kwambiri anakhudzidwa ana onse mu banja, amene anabadwa tikamapita kwa bambo ake. Kenako, ntchito ya Joyce, maganizo amenewa akusonyeza.

Ngakhale umphawi ndi matenda banja, mnyamata anacititsa maphunziro abwino. Ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi iye anatumizidwa kwa Akatolika College Klongouz Woods. Ndipo umasamutsidwa ku Belvedere mu zaka khumi. Mu 1897, pambuyo sekondale, Dzheyms Dzhoys pa yunivesite ya Dublin (Royal), amene anamaliza mu 1902.

buku loyamba

Dzheyms Dzhoys, amene yonena akutsimikizira kuti iye Ndithu luso wolemba, kusukulu wokondedwa wake mabuku ndi chinenero. Zinali yomweyo bwino kuti zimenezi si potengera anzawo.

Kulemba James pang'ono iye anali pachibwenzi asanaloŵe Jesuit koleji. Koma ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, analenga ndakatulo, ndi m'Matchalitchi kulunjika ake omasukirana. Iye anadzipereka ku Charles Parnell, mtsogoleri wa kumasulidwa kuyenda mu Ireland, ndipo mnzake wake Timoti Hili amene anam'pereka mnzake, chifukwa cha zimene iye anafa.

Ndakatulo anali zimafalitsidwa ndi bambo a wolemba, koma bukuli, mwatsoka, sanakhale ndi moyo.

Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa yunivesite ya Joyce analemba nkhani za wolemba amalikonda Genrihe Ibsene "Drama ndi Moyo". Zinali mwachidule ka ntchito. Patapita chaka Joyce anayamba kusindikiza mu magazini yapamwamba London "The iwiri review". buku lake loyamba nkhani Ibsen bwanji "New Drama". Aspiring wolemba ali amalipiritsa zabwino, koma mtengo wapatali kwambiri chiyamiko cha Wolemba wina kwa iye.

Komanso mu 1900 iye analemba kusewera "wanzeru ntchito". Si mophweka onyenga Ibsen.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Ruskin Joyce yakuti "korona wa maolivi wam'tchire" linasindikizidwa mu magazini kumene nkhani wolemba za tsogolo la wotchuka England.

Popeza 1901, makamaka chinkhoswe pomasulira (mwachitsanzo, Hauptmann a "lisanatuluke").

Mu October 1902, James anatha kukumana ndi Yates. Monga otsiriza, wokhala wolemba athu zinthu modzikuza kwambiri. Ndithudi, Joyce anali ankaikira khalidwe, koma izi sizinamulepheretse kukhala wachifundo ndi wokoma mtima kwa anthu.

Paris

Choncho Joyce maphunziro University. Pamaso pake panali vuto: chochita lotsatira? 'M maganizo kwa nthawi yaitali, iye anaganiza kuti madokotala. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kuli pa chiyambi cha December 1902 anapita ku Paris.

Dzheyms Dzhoys, amene yonena nthawi zina zodabwitsa mu mzinda kwambiri chikondi mu dziko mofulumira anaiwala za cholinga cha ulendo wake. Medicine kwenikweni ikuwombedwa mutu wake.

Iye akukhala zonse pa National Library ya imati kwambiri ndipo amaganiza. Kuyambira maganizo awa kenako anatembenukira ndakatulo zosonkhanitsira "Komiti nyimbo" ndi prose ntchito, zomwe Iye amatchedwa "Epiphany," Dzheyms Dzhoys yekha. Mwachidule mfundo imeneyi kumaonekera "Stephen Hero" (buku wolemba) ndi khalidwe la chiphunzitso oyambirira Joyce zokongoletsa.

Komanso, James anatumiza zipangizo za m'buku chisumbucho, iwo anasindikizidwa mu "Dublin Daily Express".

Pakati pa 1903 afa mayi ake Joyce. The miyezi yomaliza ya mwana wake anali Dublin. Koma chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pa malo achipembedzo (Joyce anakana chipembedzo) atachoka mayi Ine anadandaula ndipo anayamba zitsamwitsa ndi mowa.

Popeza 1904, anayamba ntchito pa ntchito yoyamba - ". A Hero wa Steven" buku Mu yomweyi, ntchito pa ndakatulo, umene pambuyo pake adzaukitsidwa m'chigawo "Dubliners".

June 10 zimachitika fateful msonkhano mu moyo Joyce. Iye anakomana mkazi wake, Nora. Pa nthawi imeneyo, anakakhala mdzakaziyo pa hotelo. Kuyambira tsiku limenelo, iwo pafupifupi konse, madzi anagawanika.

Nthawi imeneyi, Yakobo analemba ndi mabuku mu magazini kwambiri nkhani. Ndipo pomaliza, pamodzi ndi Nora, iye anapita ku Ulaya, ku Chile.

Mu 1905, Trieste m'banja mwana Giorgio, ndipo mu 1907 - mwana Lucia. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mtsikana anabadwa mu chipatala anthu osauka. Joyce ali mu malo ovuta ndalama, ngakhale kuti bambo wa banja ndi zambiri ntchito mwakhama. Zosonkhanitsira "Dubliners" palibe amene anafuna kufalitsa makamaka Ireland. Iye ankaona unpatriotic, ndipo wofalitsa kuthamanga pagulu kale analamula kuyatsa makope wokonzeka zogulitsa.

Zurich

Chifukwa cha mliri wa World Joyce anakakamizika kupita ku Zurich, kumene adzakhala mpaka 1919. James unayamba kale kugwira ntchito pa buku zofunika kwambiri m'moyo - ". Ulysses"

Moyo mu Zurich anali chidwi chifukwa chakuti apa wolemba inatha ntchito pa imodzi mwa ntchito zake bwino - ". A Chithunzi cha chithunzicho monga Young Man" buku Machaputala ena tawona kale kuunika, koma Mabaibulo onse sanali wokonzeka.

"A Chithunzi cha chithunzicho monga Young Man"

Izi buku la autobiographical James Joyce. Iye ndikusinthidwa kuchokera kale olembedwa "Stephen Hero."

Bukhu inafalitsidwa koyamba mu 1916 mu United States, zikomo kuyesetsa Hariett bwenzi Joyce Weaver, mkonzi wakale wa "Egoist". Ndiye inasindikizidwa mu Austria ndi mayiko ena.

Mlembi amafotokoza zikamera wa ngwazi ndi dzina la Stiven Dedal, amene "Ulysses," buku adzaoneka m'tsogolo. Dzheyms Dzhoys anati za khalidwe monga kusintha-cholinga. Daedalus chabe adakayika choonadi cha postulates wa Chikatolika ndi kulondola kwa chipangizo cha anthu masiku ano mu Ireland.

"Ulysses"

Mpaka 1922 magazini mwa mutu wa buku latsopano Joyce. Koma posakhalitsa, ngakhale mu United States yoletsedwa kwa kumasulidwa. Mu Britain, moratorium chinatenga mpaka 1936. Pomaliza, bukhu linasindikizidwa ku Paris. Iye anatulutsidwa pa February 2 - tsiku la kubadwa kwa wolemba.

Kodi wolemba ndinalota ndiye kuti ntchitoyo lake lotchedwa pamwamba pa chimakono kuti adzalandira mkulu udindo wake "Ulysses"? Dzheyms Dzhoys anachita zimenezi mosakayikira! Adalenga ndi zosaneneka ntchito polystylistic, wodzazidwa ndi mbiri yakale, nzeru zaumunthu, ambiri zinthu chikhalidwe ndi zina. Ngakhale kuphweka a chiwembu, buku moona chodabwitsa ndi wapadera.

ziwembu awiri kumvetsa zinali Dzheyms Dzhoys. tebulo mumve inafalitsidwa mu 1931 S. Gilbert m'buku kuphunzira "Ulysses" Joyce ".

"Finnegans Dzuka"

Mu 1923, wolemba akuyamba ntchito pa ntchito yake yaikulu lomaliza. adayitana ntchito imeneyi "chinthu ntchito."

Dzheyms Dzhoys, amene yonena nthawi zonse zopezeka chinyezimiro mu mabuku ake, anati kulemba mbiri ya dziko. Kuyambira 1927 nayamba kulalikira Mitu ya buku latsopano.

Mu July 1931, James mwalamulo kukwatira Nora (ndipo ichi pambuyo pa zaka 27 za ubwenzi!). Ndipo miyezi sikisi, iwo anali mdzukulu wotchedwa Stephen.

Mu 1939 ndinaona amasulidwe ndi buku experimental, wolembedwa mu njira ya "mtsinje wa chikumbu mtima". Mwachibadwa, anali wolemba Dzheyms Dzhoys. Books zodabwitsa wowerenga si anakumana. "Finnegans Dzuka" imakhala kwathunthu cha puns, neologisms akanema, wolemba amagwiritsa m'zinenero zambiri mu kulemba, kuti kamodzi ndi kudziwa chimene iyo inali pafupi.

Yokhala, kanthu chikuchitika mu usiku umodzi ku Dublin, pa mlingo ophiphiritsa - iyi ndi mbiri yonse ya dziko.

zotsatira

Mu January 1941, pambuyo opaleshoni kuti achotse ndi chilonda chapamimba, afa Dzheyms Dzhoys. Quotes m'mabuku ake amasindikizidwa magazini onse, koma tsopano mu gawo mbiri yamoyo. Zinali zopweteka lalikulu banja ndi kwa mafani onse wolemba.

moyo wake ndi ntchito anali kusokoneza kwambiri ojambula zithunzi yabwino kwambiri monga Dzhon Apdayk, Borges, Beckett. Ntchito yake zolembalemba anali ayesedwa ambiguously onse mu moyo ndipo pambuyo pa imfa. Koma chinthu chimodzi sichitha - Dzheyms Dzhoys wakhala akugwira kusintha wathunthu mu chikhalidwe dziko.