Federal boma - ndi chiyani ichi?

A boma feduro - kuipidwa ndale utsogoleri gulu lomwe lili mu kapangidwe kake mabungwe malo. Yotsirizira nawo ulamuliro mokwanira yotakata malamulo mpaka ulamuliro, pafupi ndi boma.

Zizindikiro ambiri a boma feduro :

1. Mwachirengedwe, chitaganya lagawidwa mabungwe osiyana: limati, cantons, dziko, ndi mabwalo, ndi zina zotero.
2. Federated mabungwe ndi ufulu wopanga malamulo awo, malamulo, akhoza yawoyawo malamulo, zachiweruzo ndi wamkulu matupi awo.
3. Komabe, wapamwamba malamulo, zachiweruzo ndi wamkulu mphamvu poyerekezera ndi dziko lonse komabe uli kwa akuluakulu a boma. Yamtunduwu pakati pa nzika chitaganya ndi malo ake pa nkhani iliyonse delimited lamulo ladziko Federal.
4. Ambiri States ali ngati wamba Union unzika ndi nzika nkhani feduro.
5. The mfundo zikuluzikulu zakunja kokha m'dzikolo mgwirizano matupi angakhale kuti mwalamulo akuimilira dziko pa mlingo lonse.
6. Boma boma la chilamulo, monga ulamuliro, ali yamalamulo bicameral. Mmodzi wa Nyumba ya Malamulo anasonkhana kwa akuluakulu a zigawo za dziko.

Zosiyanasiyana boma feduro

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mabungwe zandale ndi boma. Mwachitsanzo, ponena za dongosolo oyendetsera dziko ndi malamulo, pali symmetrical ndi asymmetrical chitaganya. Symmetrical feduro mkhalidwe - boma limene mabungwe ake onse Kupititsa chimodzimodzi udindo oyendetsera dziko ndi malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, United States, pamene mayiko onse lingaliro limeneli ndi ofanana. Tikawonetsetsa nkhani asymmetric chitaganya zingasiyane mu mphamvu zawo. Izi zilili ku Brazil ndi India.

Mwazina, chitaganya poyamba zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo malinga zakale anapanga mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Kupititsa boma boma. Awa ndi boma, chifukwa cha ntchitoyi gulu la amene anayika maziko mwangwiro linalake. Chotero, mwachitsanzo, United States ndi Germany.
• federations National - ndi lokha chifukwa cha kulekana kwa dziko mu mabungwe utsogoleri lagona ake Mipikisano mtundu. Ndiyeno ndi kugawa gawo ayenera kuganizira anthu nkhani 'Chinthu yaying'ono. Ndipotu mfundo imeneyi chagona pa dongosolo boma la Russia.
• Osokonezeka.

Monga njira yopezera akhoza negotiated ndi lamulo lalikhulu ladziko. Ngati mgwirizanowo chichokera yaing'ono, mayiko kale yawoyawo kuthetsa mavuto ofanana: chitetezo, ntchito zothandiza chuma, ndi zina zotero, Constitutional boma boma - nthawi zambiri zakale unitary boma, pa wina gawo mbiri, n'kukhala magawano ake boma komanso malo.