Kayendedwe ka "wobiriwira" pa Civil nkhondo. Atsogoleri a "wobiriwira" kayendedwe

Pakati zosiyanasiyana mawu kuti tigwiritse ntchito, zikubweretsa kukambirana za m'dzikoli, pali munthu wobadwa pa Civil nkhondo ndi moyo mpaka tsiku lino, koma kupeza tanthauzo chosiyana. Izi kayendedwe ka "wobiriwira." Kale, otchedwa kupanduka ndi osawuka amene amateteza manja m'manja mwa ufulu wawo. Lero, otchedwa gulu la anthu amene amateteza ufulu wa chibadwidwe otizungulira.

Russian wamba zaka pambuyo zisinthe

"Green" kayendedwe pa Civil nkhondo - ndi zitsanzo Unyinji wa anthu wamba ndi khama chachikulu kulanda mphamvu dziko - ndi Bolsheviks, White alonda ndipo interventionists yachilendo. Monga ulamuliro, kulamulira matupi a boma, awonanso nsonga free, anapanga chifukwa cha chifuniro palokha nzika zonse ndi mlendo kwa mtundu wina uliwonse wa Kusankhidwa kuchokera kumwamba.

"Green" kayendedwe anali zofunika kwambiri panthawi ya nkhondo, chifukwa yosavuta kuti mphamvu yake yaikulu - wamba - kudawerengedwa kwa ambiri. Pa ndani mwa magulu chikumenyana iwo adzavomereza, nthawi zambiri kudalira Inde wa Civil nkhondo wonse. Ndi bwino kudziwa adani onse ndi mochuluka monga kuyesa pa mamilioni a madola wamba misa. Komabe, si nthawi zonse bwino, ndipo kenako chitsutso watenga mitundu kwambiri.

Mtima woipa wa m'mudzimo ndi Bolsheviks, ndi azungu

Mwachitsanzo, m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia maganizo wamba 'kwa Bolsheviks anali za chikhalidwe wapawiri. Pa dzanja limodzi, iwo anagwirizana nawo pambuyo lamulo wotchuka pansi, kukapempha kuti mwininyumba wamba dziko, pa dzanja zina, anthu wamba wolemera, ndi zambiri wamba pakati anatsutsa Bolsheviks ndi ndondomeko chakudya cha anakakamizika kuchotsa ulimi. ambivalence zimenezi zinachitikanso pa Civil nkhondo.

wamba chikhalidwe mlendo White kuyenda ndi kawirikawiri kupeza thandizo lawo. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha White Army kutumikira ambiri a m'mudzimo, ambiri anali anatengedwa ndi mphamvu. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi Maulendo zambiri za gulu zochitika. Komanso, alimi whiteguards zambiri amakakamizidwa kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'banja, sikuti zoperewerazo nthawi ndi khama mwakhama. Linachititsanso wosakhutira.

kuukira wamba chifukwa cha ubweya ndi

"Green" kayendedwe mu nkhondo yapachiweniweni osiyana ndi Bolsheviks, monga tanenera kale, makamaka chifukwa cha kusakhutira ndi mfundo zochuluka, ndi silingayende njala ya mabanja zikwi wamba. Ndi N'zosadabwitsa Choncho zilakolako waukulu anabwera chaka 1919-1920, pamene achire wokakamiza wa ulimi anatenga lonse lonse.

Mwa ziwonetsero achangu motsutsa Bolsheviks gululi angatchedwe "wobiriwira" m'chigawo Stavropol yomwe inayamba kubwerera mu April 1918, kenako patatha chaka ndi kugalukira Unyinji wa anthu wamba m'chigawo Volga. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, izo panafika anthu 180 000. Ambiri, zoyambirira za 1019 chinali 340 zochita nkhondo, yokhudza zigawo zoposa makumi awiri.

Boma ndi ndondomeko zawo "The Way Chachitatu"

"Green" kayendedwe pa Civil nkhondo enzopangwa ntchito owayimilira andale Chiwukirano Social Party ndi Mensheviks. Iwo apanga njira olowa Pofuna imatsogoleredwa ziŵiri. owatsutsa kulengezedwa ndi Bolsheviks, ndi atsogoleri a White gulu A. V. Kolchaka ndi A. I. Denikina. pulogalamuyi ankatchedwa "Njira yachitatu" ndipo, malingana ndi iwo, nkhondo yolimbana anatani lamanzere ndi lamanja. Komabe, SRs, kutali misa wamba, kodi chikulephera mphamvu ndithu.

Wamba asilikali Nestora Mahno

The chiphiphiritso wotchuka kwambiri, ankalengeza kuti "Njira yachitatu" anali mu Ukraine, kumene nthawi yaitali anatsogolera ankhondo wamba wopanduka asilikali molamulidwa ndi N. I. Mahno. Iwo ananena kuti mafupa zoyambirira za iye anali alimi olemera amene akwanitsa kuchita ulimi ndi malonda a mkate.

Iwo amagwira ntchito mwachangu mu kusokonekera zigawo inatera ndipo anamukhomera adzachita zazikulu pa izo. Chifukwa, ndi kasamalidwe awo akhala mipherezero ya requisitions ambiri unachitikira alternately ndi Bolsheviks, azungu ndi interventionists. Anatuluka nthawi yomweyo mu Ukraine kayendedwe "wobiriwira" anali zimachitika kuti kusamvera malamulo amenewa.

Khalidwe lapadera la asilikali Makhno kwachititsa anarchism, amene otsatira anali mkulu yekha, ndipo ambiri a asilikali ake. Mfundo imeneyi anali wokongola kwambiri chiphunzitso cha ulimi "chikhalidwe" kuwononga mphamvu boma ndi kuchotsa Motero chida chachikulu cha nkhanza munthu. Program LEMBA Makhno anali boma ndi kukana njira iliyonse mwankhanza.

Movement anthu motsogozedwa Sergei Antonov

Palibe gulu zochepa wamphamvu ndi zikuluzikulu za "wobiriwira" unkachitika kuchigawo Tambov, ndi m'dera Volga. M'malo mwa mutu wake, iye ankatchedwa "Antonov". Kumalo amenewa, alimi ngakhale anatenga ulamuliro pa zigawo anafika September 1917 ndipo anayamba mwachangu kukhala nawo. Choncho, kuchuluka muyezo moyo wawo, ndipo anatsegula kutsogolo yabwino zinthu. Mu 1919 zotsala wayamba ndi zikuluzikulu, ndipo anthu anayamba akachotse zipatso za ntchito yawo, zinapangitsa titangokhalako kwambiri kukhonda wamba kutenga zida. Iwo anali ndi chinachake kuteteza.

kutentha Special za kulimbana anatengera mu 1920, pamene panali chilala Tambov, aononga kwambiri zokolola. Mu zinthu izi kovuta kuti akhala wakwanitsa kusonkhanitsa, wakhala kudzipatula mokomera Red Army ndi nzika. Chifukwa cha zimenezi kwa akuluakulu otchuka chiwembu kuti wokhawokha zigawo zingapo. Iwo anali nawo pafupifupi 4,000 wamba zida anthu oposa 10 000 ndi pitchforks ndi zikwakwa. Mtsogoleri ndi inspirer wa kayendedwe otchuka membala wa Socialist-Chiwukirano Party A. Antonov.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Antonov

Iye, komanso atsogoleri ena a "wobiriwira" kayendedwe, atapereka bwino ndi losavuta mawu, n'zomveka kuti aliyense m'mudzi. Chief mwa iwo anauzidwa kuti amenyane, chikominisi kumanga ufulu wamba Republic. M'pofunika kupereka msonkho kwa luso lake yolamula ndi luso kuchititsa kusintha zigawenga nkhondo.

Chifukwa anapanduka chifalikire m'madera ena ndipo anatenga lonse aakulu. Bolshevik boma khama kwambiri kuti wayesetsa kuchibisa mu 1921. Chifukwa chaichi, dera Tambov anauzidwa kuwombera pa Denikin kutsogolo gawo lotsogoleredwa ndi M. N. Tuhachevskim ndi G. I. Kotovskim.

Masiku kayendedwe chikhalidwe "Green"

Nkhondo ya Civil nkhondo anafa pansi, ndipo atapita zochitika, monga zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Zambiri za nthawi imene anamira mu anaiwalika muyaya, koma chinthu chodabwitsa - mu moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku kusunga mawu "Green Movement", ngakhale kuti amamuonera tanthauzo losiyana kotheratu. Ngati pachiyambi cha m'ma otsiriza, mawuwa ankatanthauza kumenyana zofuna za anthu amene uchikumbe, lero mamembala a gulu kumenyana kwa kuteteza kwambiri namwino-dziko ndi zinthu zake zonse zachilengedwe.

"Green" - zachilengedwe ano kayendedwe, amene amatsutsa ndi zinthu zoipa ziti zoipa za patsogolo luso pa chilengedwe. Mu dziko lathu, iwo anaonekera mu m'ma Mipingo ya atumwi otsiriza ndipo m'mbiri ake anapita kupyola magawo angapo a chitukuko. Malinga ndi lipoti lofalitsidwa kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, chiwerengero cha magulu zachilengedwe mu gulu lonselo imene imafika zikwi makumi atatu.

Zofunika kwambiri omwe si aboma gulu

Pakati wotchuka kwambiri - kayendedwe ka "Green Russia", "Mama", "Green Oyang'anira" ndi mabungwe angapo. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe ake, koma iwo onse kugawana zolinga zawo ndi changu misa, amene ali chibadidwe kuti mamembala awo. Nthawi zambiri, gawo la anthu alipo mu mawonekedwe a bungwe omwe si aboma. Iye ali ngati gawo lachitatu, ife simuli nyumba boma, kapena malonda payekha.

Nsanja ndale za oimira zamakono "wobiriwira" kayendedwe zachokera njira zaphindu kwa kukonzanso kwa malamulo a zachuma kwa kuphatikiza amafunika zofuna za anthu ndi chikhalidwe ozungulira. Pa nkhani ngati simungathe kusweka, monga njira zawo kumadalira osati kokha zinthu bwino, komanso umoyo ndi miyoyo yawo.