Kodi mtundu wa zipatso mu mbatata? Zipatso za Solanaceae

The kalasi dicotyledonous zomera kwambiri wochuluka chikhalidwe ndi ukufanizidwa ndi mabanja angapo. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi banja Solanaceae, oimira amene ndi zofunika kwambiri chuma kwa anthu.

General makhalidwe a banja nightshade

Apa mu chithunzi - mbatata. Zomera kudziwika ndi nthumwi lililonse wa Solanaceae. Koma dzina lake, gulu ili mwadongosolo chifukwa anthu ake ena - nightshade wakuda. Ambiri mwa zomera akhala kuŵetedwa, iwo atakula amuna.

Waukulu zimasiyanitsa mbali ya banja lililonse - dongosolo la duwa. Mu Solanaceae, iye ankayimiridwa ndi asanu stamens ndi NYENJE, chomwe carpels angapo. 5 pamakhala, nayenso, iwo zinaphatikizidwa pamodzi. The nambalayi ndi kapangidwe ndi sepals. Ikani wa pamakhala (corolla) akhoza utoto ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pa wogulitsa zozunguza ubongo iye ndi woyera, kuyambira belladonna - Lilac, mu fodya - pinki. N'kuwasanganiza - kukodzedwa gawo la pistil wa - ndi pamwamba kapena mfulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti si zinaphatikizidwa ndi mbali ina ya duwa, ndi tsinde ndi Ufumuyo cholandirira lapansi.

Solanaceae: Masamba osati ...

Phwetekere, biringanya, mbatata - Solanaceae, yomwe masamba zokoma ndi wathanzi. Iwo ndi katundu wofunika zakudya. Koma popanda izi ambiri anatengera ndi mankhwala nightshade. Mwachitsanzo, ndi belladonna alkaloids lili. Iwo kukhudza antispasmodic, kuchepetsa matupi minofu kamvekedwe. Belém, mwamwambo wokhala ndi chomera chakupha mankhwala wowerengeka ntchito ngati tincture mowa zochizira zithupsa, kutupa ndi chimfine.

Onunkhira fodya, datura ndi petunia - yokongola oimira nightshade. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mamangidwe a m'dera banja. A Cape jamu kapena nyali Chinese zokongola kukongoletsa dongosolo aliyense yophukira malo kapena maluwa.

mbewu wapatali luso ndi fodya ndi shag kuti apite ku ulimi wa fodya.

Mitundu ya zipatso

Zipatso za zipatso nightshade n'kupereka bokosi. Yoyamba ndi youma, polyspermous katetezedwe. Zimenezi zimathandiza zomera kuti bwino kufalitsa mu chirengedwe. Mabokosi ndi wogulitsa zozunguza ubongo ndi henbane. Masamba mbewu yowutsa mudyo mawonekedwe polyspermous mabulosi.

pericarp wake wapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu. Panja, leathery, ndi zoteteza, ndi pakati komanso mkati - yowutsa mudyo ndi minofu, iwo kusunga popanga zipangizo. zipatso mtundu mbatata, tsabola ndi tomato amenewa.

History mbatata

Iwo akhala wakhala ukugwira akusonkhanitsa anthu. Pamodzi ndi mizu edible a zomera zambiri apezeka, ndi tubers mbatata. Izo zinachitika mu Latin America, pafupifupi 5000 zapitazo. Ku Ulaya, icho poyamba ankangofuna Spain m'zaka za m'ma 16. Mu dziko lathu, thumba woyamba wa mbatata anali kunja kwa Holland. Komabe, ndinali kupita kupyola zaka lonse pamaso mankhwala watenga malo oyenera.

Tsopano ndi mafunso akuti: "Kodi mtundu wa mbatata yoopsa" ndipo "mbali ya zomera Kodi edible?" - lililonse yankho. Ndipo mu nthawi zimenezo tinkakonzekera zikumera, zipatso kapena tubers mbatata zosapsa. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo zinthu woopsawo alkaloid akhala ambiri chakudya poizoni. Anthu ankadana zomera. Anthu tinakonza weniweniwo "mbatata zachiwawa", kukana kukhala chikhalidwe. Koma ntchito yabwino iye ankaona. Wa maluwa okongola Lilac anapanga wachisomo boutonnieres kuti akakometsere zovala njonda, zipewa ndi amakonzera tsitsi madona.

Ndipo tsopano ife tikuyang'ana pa ndi chilakolako Photo: Mbatata kumanja anatenga aliyense tebulo m'malo ake oyenerera.

Anthu ambiri kawirikawiri kuphonyetsa ntchito chomera. Mwachitsanzo, ndi belladonna ( "mkazi wokongola") nalo dzina lake mu Roma. Belle ndiye m'manda madzi mankhwala maso ake. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuwatenga ophunzira kukodzedwa kwambiri. Iye akhapidziwa kuti chimapangitsa akazi kuyang'ana yosalephera. Patapita zinaonekeratu kuti njirayi kwambiri kumachepetsa masomphenya.

yoopsa mtundu mu mbatata

zomera ndi nthumwi lililonse la banja nightshade, zimene zimaonetsa ndithu bwinobwino anaphunzira zamoyo. Mbatata tsopano kwambiri ntchito nakulitsa, kuti anthu wamba samazindikira zomwe matupi ndi ziwalo edible.

Ngati inu kuchititsa kafukufuku ndi kufunsa kuti: "Kodi mtundu wa zipatso mu mbatata", ambiri adzayankha: "Inde, tuber." Ndipo iwo mudzakhala olakwa. zipatso Mtundu wa mbatata - mabulosi. Kunja, izo zikuwoneka ngati phwetekere yaing'ono. Choyamba, wobiriwira, ndipo kucha pang'onopang'ono darkens.

Tubers ndi zipatso

Pachikhalidwe amaganiza kuti mbatata zimafalitsidwa vegetatively, ntchito zosintha mobisa kuthawa. Iyi ndi njira zotsimikizika kuti amapereka zokolola yabwino. Komabe, mtengo si kopindulitsa. Ndipotu, chiwerengero mwachilungamo lalikulu la mankhwala kuwetedwa ayenera kusunga nkhani kubzala. zipatso mtundu mbatata - mabulosi, ndi polyspermous. Choncho, pofuna kupewa kuipa angagwiritsidwe ntchito mbewu kafalitsidwe. N'chifukwa chiyani njira imeneyi ndi ubwino onse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Cholinga ndi kuti mitundu ya makono ya mbatata pafupifupi musataye mbewu. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, obereketsa zikukangalika ntchito pa kuswana mitundu yatsopano ndi ambiri mbewu, umene amasintha dzuwa la wokondedwa mbatata kukula.

lowopsya nightshade

Pali chinthu chotero monga "zakudya nightshade." Choyamba, ndi wokoma belu tsabola, tomato, mabilinganya. gastronomic awo amtengo wapatali khalidwe chifukwa cha kukoma zamkati zipatso.

Iwo onse ali ndi zinthu zapadera - alkaloids. Yotchuka kwambiri awa ndi chikonga. Malo oyamba pa nkhani zake ali mwachibadwa fodya. N'zosadabwitsa malo chachiwiri ... biringanya. Ndipo malo lachitatu muli tomato wobiriwira. Komabe, nkhani chikonga mwa iwo ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti mantha umoyo wawo Sikuti.

yoopsa mtundu mu mbatata ndi kukoma kwake salola kuti ntchito chakudya. Inu simungakhoze kunena za kalabu - pantry wowuma. Dziwani kuti zili alkaloids zowopsa germinating ndi Kamaoneka mbatata kwambiri kumawonjezera ndipo angathe kuyambitsa poyizoni m'thupi la munthu. Maonekedwe a wobiriwira ndi zotsatira za kutembenuka kwa colorless plastids leucoplasts mu wobiriwira - chloroplasts. Ndipotu tuber ndi kusinthidwa wa athawe. Zimenezi chikuchitika okha basi kuwala, choncho kusunga m'matangadza wapatali bwino mu mdima, ozizira.

Kuyambira chipatso cha tsabola owawa ofiira ndi zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana ntchito yokonza condiments ndi sauces. mankhwala alinso Solanaceae.

mtengo

Kuwonjezera anthu amadya chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala zomera nightshade. Datura anakonza masamba wachotsa zochizira mphumu a belladonna - wothandizira analgesic. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala zawo kuchokera ku zomera ali osavomerezeka, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu za mlingo. Mfundo ndi kuti alkaloids - ziphe. kuchuluka kwawo kwambiri kumabweretsa chinawonjezeka kugunda kwa mtima, kufupika kwa mpweya, kupweteka dongosolo m'mimba.

Panopa, akuluakulu a banja nightshade wotanganidwa niches zonse ntchito chifukwa cha katundu wofunika kwa zophikira kwa mankhwala.