Kukushkin fulakesi: kapangidwe ndi kubalana

Kukushkin fulakesi - chomera ali mu gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia ndi ambiri mu nkhalango magulu kumpoto ndi pakati. zinthu nyengo zimachitika boreal nkhalango chithaphwi-dolgomoshnikah, m'madambo ndi meadows yonyowa. Chomera wa mtundu wa Moss, kuti Dipatimenti ya bryophytes. Pa dziko opezeka pa zana a mitundu yake. Kukushkin nyumba imene imagwiritsidwa ndi pincushion kuwaika, amapezeka Titafika pamalo ndi okwera. Ambiri ntchito m'mayiko CIS anali politrihum wamba (dzina lachiwiri la chomera).

Great kufunika kwa dzuwa

Kukushkin fulakesi ndi kutikonda kwambiri kuwala. N'chifukwa chake mu nkhalango ya mdima spruce, ngakhale dothi lonyowa ndi lachonde kumeneko, adzakhululukidwa okha kukula ndi chitukuko. Pamene okwanira kuchuluka kwa dzuwa mmera mofulumira anatambasula mwachangu ukufalikira ku madera atsopano ndi kutseka pamphasa wandiweyani dothi. Land pansi Kukushkin fulakesi uphwetsa pang'onopang'ono, nchifukwa chake kukwawira ake pang'onopang'ono kumabweretsa m'madera waterlogging.

mafotokozedwe

Moss Kukushkin fulakesi ali m'malo wamtali zimayambira (cha kutalika - 10-15 cm, koma palinso zomera sorokasantimetrovye). dongosolo A conductive amapereka kayendedwe ka madzi ndi zakudya kudzera phesi.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Anafotokoza chomera ali molunjika zimayambira brownish mtundu. Iwo masamba zazing'ono mdima wobiriwira mu mtundu, amene amafanana kakang'ono fulakesi. Koma mabokosi kuti awonekere zomera wamkazi, zimabweretsa Kugwirizana ndi cuckoo ndi, lili pa mtundu wa mtengo.

Kapangidwe Kukushkin fulakesi

Akuti mbewu uli ndi zaka zambiri leafy ndere. miyeso ake lalikulu, ndi mmunsi mwa tsinde ndi rhizoids - wosazindikira muzu analogues. Mu masamba chachikulu yopingasa tsinde. tsinde Secondary akhoza kukhala wophweka kapena nthambi. Iye ali chilili, kutalika sing'anga - mkati masentimita khumi. Aliyense pepala ali lalikulu waukulu mtsempha. Kukushkin nyumba umene uli ndi dongosolo losavuta mokwanira, ali lonse-ngati masamba m'munsi.

ntchito tsinde

Udindo waukulu wa gawo ili la mbewu - mwankhanza. Mofanana kwambiri ndi luso kuchititsa tsinde. Iwo amachita ngati mgwirizano pakati pa masamba ndi dongosolo la mizu. Tsinde amachita ena ntchito yachiwiri. Pakati pawo - kuteteza zakudya malo.

Kubereka ndi chitukuko

Chomera kufalikira mu njira izi: kugonana (gametes) ndi asexually (spores, zikumera). Iwo Njira.

Monga wachulukitsa Kukushkin fulakesi mbewu? Spores imene imagwiritsidwa mbewu ndi sporangia (bokosi) pa mwendo. Pambuyo kusasitsa iwo anathira ku sitolo zachilengedwezi. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, mawonekedwe spores multicellular ulusi, ndipo therefrom Zikatero, amapezeka penapake gametophytes (izi zimachitika mwa ikuphukira). Gametophyte ankaona zaka wobiriwira Kuthawa ndi masamba ndi rhizoids (kornepodobnye mapangidwe). The kudzachitika otsiriza a mchere nthaka ndi ayodini. maselo Leaf kupereka kupanga zinthu zina zonse zofunika. Pa mfundo imeneyi, zikhoza amanena kuti gametophyte ndi thupi palokha.

Patapita kanthawi gametophyte mabasi kukula. Kenako akuyamba Kukushkin kuswana fulakesi. Pakati pa tsamba Rosette (malo - pamwamba pa tsinde la) kukhala mwamuna ndi ziwalo zoberekera wamkazi. Woyamba anafika antheridia (dzina amachokera ku liwu lachigiriki lakuti "Anteros" kutanthauza "ukufalikira"), zomwe ndi mkombero chitukuko kusuntha gametes - umuna ndi archegonium - wamkazi ziwalo zoberekera amene amachititsa mapangidwe atathana gametes wamkazi - dzira.

zomera Male yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa masamba akuluakulu, utoto wachikasu-bulauni mtundu. toyesa wamkazi wa masamba ndi.

Pa zosayembekezereka ya mvula kapena chigumula spermatozoa (maselo mwamuna) amatha kusambira kwa dzira. Chifukwa, iwo coalesce. Pa akamaliza njira ya umuna ndi zygote limapezeka (mawu amachokera kwa Greek "zigotos" omwe anamasuliridwa kuti "chikugwirizana"). Ichi ndi gawo loyamba la chitukuko wosabadwayo. Chaka chotsatira, kuchokera zygote ubwamuna ndi bokosi chitukuko (sporogonia), ili mwachilungamo phesi yaitali popanda masamba. Kenako bokosi akukhala malo awiri. Ndi kusunga zachilengedwe ndi osalimba kwambiri. Ngakhale anatenga mu mphepo. Pambuyo oipa kwa kapu ndi imfa ya wobiriwira spore kumera anati ulusi yaikulu - predrostka. Onani kuti chifukwa bwino m'pofunika kuti spores kuti adalowa malo abwino kwa iwo, mu nkhani iyi, chimachitika kubalana Kukushkin fulakesi.

Pa predrostke anapanga masamba, imene pali toyesa mwamuna ndi mkazi zomera. Choncho, tikuona kuti kayendedwe ka moyo wa ndere zikuphatikizapo kulowezana kwa mibadwo asexual ndi kugonana. Pa zamoyo wa Mbali imeneyi ndi kukhala zomera ambiri, kuphatikizapo fulakesi ndi Kukushkin.

Kubalana izi mitundu Moss vegetatively zikhale zosavuta kuti nkhungu pamphasa wobiriwira pa chiwembu. Inu basi kuyika kachidutswa kakang'ono wa Moss pa malo achinyezi. Komabe, munthu ayenera kuganizira luso la zomera waterlogging dera malo awo.

Ntchito zosiyanasiyana zolinga

Ngati inu kuchotsa masamba ndi Kukushkin fulakesi mukhoza kusintha filaments okhwima popangidwa ndi zimayambira chapakati. makolo athu ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe kupanga maburashi ndi matsache. Pambuyo akuwukha ndi kukanda zimayambira anakhala maziko zotichititsa mphasa, makalipeti madengu, ndi nsaru mdima. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa ntchito yomanga ya Early Roma linga ku England amakhalabe wa madengu kulengedwa kuchokera Kukushkin fulakesi anapezeka. Zamgululi pachibwenzi 86 chaka AD.

Kale Kukushkin fulakesi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga asilikali raincoats ndi apaulendo. Zovala chifukwa kusiyana ndi mphamvu zapadera. Komanso, iwo anali ndi phindu kukongoletsa.

Ochiritsa analangizidwa kuti ntchito mtundu wa Moss kwa revitalization a dongosolo m'mimba, kupotokola m'mimba kuthetsa ndi kupasuka miyala impso ndi chikhodzodzo ndulu.

Kukushkin fulakesi, kapangidwe ka amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu horticulture zolinga kukongoletsa, ubwino nthaka. Choncho, zomera kungachititse kuti akalozera wa nthaka acidity mlingo wa munthu pazipita nyengo ziwiri. Kenako, remediation wa dothi akhoza kukhala bwinobwino kukula zomera aliyense munda. mbali akufa Moss kutumikira monga fetereza kwambiri.

Kwambiri zachilendo ntchito Kukushkin fulakesi chimake - monga kupanga chimera kachasu.

kutchinjiriza zachilengedwe

Kukushkin fulakesi angathandize kuteteza dongosolo ndi malowedwe a ozizira ndi chinyezi. Kwambiri anayamikira chakuti Moss alibe kuvunda. Kuwayika iwo pakati pa chipika mitengo zimathandiza mpweya achilengedwe. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ndi Moss ntchito mu mawonekedwe mwatsopano. Pamaso atagona wa kutchinjiriza zachilengedwe ayenera bwinobwino kutsukidwa nthambi, timitengo, cones, udzu ndi inclusions ena.

sphagnum Moss

zomera wa mtundu woyera (peat) ndere. Allocated 320 mitundu yake. Sphagnum Moss bog makamaka umaimiridwa ndi mtundu masango wandiweyani, kupanga mapilo lalikulu kapena makalipeti wandiweyani mu bogs sphagnum. Koma m'nkhalango chinyezi ndi zochepa wamba sphagnum. Kukushkin fulakesi ndi mbewu akukumbutsa chilili wake tsinde, kufika masentimita khumi ndi makumi awiri mu msinkhu. Masamba sphagnum unilamellar, anaika pa nthambi bunchy ili. Masamba muli madzi ambiri zobala maselo ndi pores mwachangu zimatenga madzi. Zimenezi zimayambitsa madzi wamkulu mphamvu mbewu. Kumadera kumene pali ndere, mofulumira osauka bogs.

Chaka chilichonse pali lifotabe wa zimayambira pansi pa mbewu. Iwo apanga peat. kukula chowonjezera apical nthambi tsinde.

Onani kuti sphagnum mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe ndi kukhalapo kwa m'madambo a. Monga tanena kale, madera akufa anapanga Moss madipoziti peat. Peat mapangidwe ndi zotheka chifukwa patsogolo madzi, Moss kupereka malo acidic ndi kusowa oxygen. Pansi pa zikhalidwe izi, njira kuwola sanalembedwepo, sphagnum si kuwola ndinso. Peat ndi mankhwala wapatali, kumene sera, amoniya, paraffin, mowa, T. D. Ambiri ntchito mu zochiritsira kumangako. Moss amachita monga biofuels ndi feteleza ogwira.

Zothandiza sphagnum?

maphikidwe ambiri wowerengeka ndi mankhwala boma monga chigawo ichi. Ndipo onse chifukwa sphagnum Moss - waukulu antiseptic ndi odalirika kuvala. Izi zimathandiza mabala zamafinya zinangoti chifukwa umatha kuyamwa yambiri chinyezi. Malinga ndi sphagnum chizindikiro chimaposa mitundu bwino thonje absorbent. Moss Ichi ndi kupereka zotsatira bactericidal chifukwa kukhalapo sfagnola - fenolopodobnogo zinthu zapadera ziletsa kukula ndi moyo ntchito Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, nsomba ndi tizilombo tina toyambitsa matenda.

Alimi zikukangalika ntchito sphagnum ndi cholinga houseplants kukula. Ndi chigawo chimodzi cha gawo lapansi, mulching wosanjikiza kapena amachita ntchito ngalande. Moss si wolemera mu zakudya, koma apatsa nthaka looseness chofunika. Kwambiri hygroscopic Sphagnum chifukwa umatha kugawira chinyezi wogawana. Pamaso sfagnola amachititsa katundu bactericidal a mtundu wa Moss kuti angathandize kusamalira mizu ya mbewu waukulu, kuteteza chitukuko cha matenda ndi kuwola.