Mabakiteriya Coliform m'madzi. coliforms Thermotolerant

mabakiteriya Coliform ndi zopezeka mu kapepala m'mimba mwa nyama ndi anthu, komanso kungotaya moyo wawo. Iwonso akhale zomera, dothi ndi kuipitsa madzi ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa cha n'zotheka kutenga matenda oyamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana.

Kuvulaza thupi

Kodi mabakiteriya coliform zoipa? Ambiri a iwo amene amayambitsa matenda, ena tizilombo ta chidwi kwambiri a E. coli INGATHE kuyambitsa matenda aakulu. Kuwonjezera anthu matenda nkhosa ndi ng'ombe. Zimautsa nkhawa kuti madzi zakhudzana pa makhalidwe awo kunja palibe wosiyana kumwa wamba kulawa, kununkhiza ndi maonekedwe. mabakiteriya Coliform akupezeka ngakhale mu madzi bwino, zomwe akuti ndi angwilo muchilichonse cholankhulidwa. Yotsimikiza ndi okhawo odalirika njira kudziwa kupezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kodi chimachitika pamene detects?

Kodi ngati coliform mabakiteriya kapena opezeka madzi akumwa? Pankhaniyi, kufunika kuti tikonze kapena kusinthidwa kwa dongosolo madzi. Pamene ntchito disinfection mlandu kuwira ndi kukonzanso kuyezetsa, amene amakhulupirira kuti kuipitsidwa sanali inathetsedwa, ngati thermotolerant coliform mabakiteriya.

chizindikiro chamoyo

Total mabakiteriya coliform nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chizindikiro chamoyo, chifukwa iwo akusonyeza pamaso angathe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu madzi, monga E. coli. Ngakhale tizilombo ta kwambiri ndi chabwinobwino ndipo moyo mu matumbo a anthu athanzi ndi nyama zina zimene zimachititsa mapangidwe poizoni, kuyambitsa matenda aakulu ndipo ngakhale chakupha. Ngati mabakiteriya alipo m'thupi, zizindikiro ambiri ndi matenda thirakiti, malungo, kupweteka m'mimba m'mimba ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba. Zizindikiro ndi zambiri kutchulidwa ana kapena achibale okalamba.

madzi abwino

Ngati okwana coliform mabakiteriya mu madzi palibe, ndiye pafupifupi mmodzi akhoza kuganiza kuti microbiologically abwino akumwa.
Ngati angapezeke pamenepo lidzakhala wolungamitsidwa kuchita mayesero zina.

Mabakiteriya amakonda kutentha ndi chinyezi

Kutentha ndi nyengo mikhalidwe imathandizanso zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, E. coli amakonda moyo padziko lapansi ndipo amakonda kutentha, kotero kuti mabakiteriya coliform mu madzi akumwa amakhala ndi convoy mitsinje mobisa ndi zinthu ofunda ndi chinyezi nyengo, pamene nambala zing'onozing'ono mabakiteriya opezeka mu nyengo yozizira.

chlorination mantha

Kuti bwino mabakiteriya ntchito chlorine, amene oxidizes zosafunika lapansi. Pa mlingo wake adzapangitsa makhalidwe madzi monga pH ndi kutentha. Kulemera avareji nkhani youma pa lita ndi za 0.3-0.5 mg. Kupha mabakiteriya ambiri coliform mu madzi akumwa, zimatenga mphindi 30. Kukhudzana ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka mlingo wa chlorine, koma kungafune Zosefera zina kochotsa kukoma yeniyeni ndi fungo.

Akufota kuwala ultraviolet

A njira otchuka ankaona disinfection ultraviolet kunyezimira. njira zimenezi sizikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse. Komabe, chida ichi sichiri kumene coliforms ambiri kuposa madera chikwi pa 100 ml ya madzi. chipangizo palokha imakhala UV nyale atazunguliridwa ndi malaya khwatsi galasi, imene madzi ndi irradiated ndi kuwala. Popanda kuchitapo kanthu madzi mkati wagawo ayenera zitadya ndi ufulu wa kudetsedwa looneka clogging kapena turbidity kulola walitsa wa zamoyo njiru.

Zosankha zina mankhwala

Pali njira zina zambiri processing ntchito mankhwala madzi. Komabe, iwo osavomerezeka ngati yaitali, pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

• Kuwira. Pa madigiri 100 Celsius kwa miniti imodzi mogwira mtima kupha mabakiteriya. njira imeneyi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa disinfection wa madzi pa mwadzidzidzi kapena likafunika. Pamafunika nthawi ndi mphamvu ndondomeko tima ndipo kawirikawiri ntchito okha wochepa madzi. Izi si nthawi yaitali kapena mwina mpaka kalekale disinfection madzi.
• Ozonation. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, njira imeneyi ntchito ngati njira kusintha khalidwe madzi, Kupha mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuipitsidwa bakiteriya. Mofanana ndi chlorine, ozoni ndi amphamvu oxidizing wothandizira, amene amapha mabakiteriya. Koma nthawi yomweyo mpweya ndi wosakhazikika, ndipo akhoza kuwapeza kudzera mwa magetsi. mayunitsi Ozonation zambiri osavomerezeka chifukwa disinfection, chifukwa ali zambiri mtengo kuposa chlorination kapena UV kachitidwe.
• Iodization. The njira kamodzi wotchuka wa disinfection zisakuyenda bwino okha yochepa kapena mwadzidzidzi madzi disinfection.

coliforms Thermotolerant

Izi ndi gulu lapadera kwa zinthu zamoyo zimene angathe kupesa lactose pa madigiri 44-45 Celsius. Zikuphatikizapo mtundu Escherichia, ndi mitundu ina ya Klebsiella, Enterobacter, ndi Citrobacter. Ngati madzi muli zamoyo extraneous zikutanthauza kuti izo sizinali bwino kutsukidwa, kachiwiri zoipa, kapena muli zakudya owonjezera. Ngati aliyense zimapezeka m'pofunika kufufuza pamaso pa izo ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha mabakiteriya coliform.

kusanthula microbiological

Coliform zamoyo a galamu mabakiteriya kuti akufanana ndi Wand, amakhala ndi mtundu mu m'mimba thirakiti m'munsi wa nyama ndi anthu. Ambiri, mabakiteriya mitundu ambiri, koopsa osiyana. kusanthula microbiological zikuphatikizapo chizindikiritso cha mitundu yonse ya mavairasi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. kusanthula microbiological ikuchitika osati kufufuza madzi akumwa, komanso kuyesa chitetezo cha madzi kumene anthu amasangalala kuthera nthawi yawo yonse yopuma. N'zoona, si mantha kusambira m'madzi, pomwe limapezeka, "Wand", koma chitetezo cha madzi chimenechi malamulo. Pali zina zofunika ukhondo wa madzi pamwamba.

Ngati coliforms anali wapezeka, izi zingasonyeze kuti madzi aaphimbira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Choncho, kuyambira kufalitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. The zakhudzana madzi akumwa angathe kukumana ta nsomba, Shigella, E. coli ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ena ambiri osiyanasiyana monga matenda osawopsa wa kapepalako m'mimba kwa kamwazi kwambiri, kolera, tayifodi, ndi ena ambiri.

magwero zoweta matenda

Khalidwe la madzi akumwa ndi polojekiti ake kumaona mautumiki apadera thanzi. Ndipo zimene zingachititse munthu wamba, kuti mudziteteze komanso kuteteza motsutsana kuipitsidwa osafunika? magwero a kuipitsa madzi chilengedwe zoweta chiyani?

1. Madzi ozizira a. Anthu ambiri kukhudza kwa chipangizo ichi, wamkulu mosavuta malowedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti madzi uliwonse ozizira lachitatu kukwawa ndi zamoyo.
2. Madzi a mvula. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mvula anasonkhanitsa chinyezi ndi malo abwino kwa kukula kwa coliforms. MwaukadauloZida wamaluwa ntchito madzi, ngakhale kuthirira mbewu.
3. Lakes ndi malo komanso ali pa chiopsezo, monga madzi patsogolo mudzabala zamoyo zonse, osati mabakiteriya. Kupatulapo ndi nyanja, chitukuko ndi kufala kwa mitundu zoipa pali kochepa.
4. Mkhalidwe wa payipi ya. Ngati bere sizinasinthe ndipo si kutsukidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, zikhoza m'mavuto.