Makhalidwe Matrona ( "Matryona" A. I. Solzhenitsyna)

Zina mwa ntchito yabwino ya A. I. Solzhenitsyna mosakayikira muli nkhani "Matryona" a Russian mkazi yosavuta mavuto. mayesero ambiri wagwa kuti zambiri ake, koma heroine ku mapeto a masiku ake anasunga mu moyo wa chikondi cha moyo, kukoma kwabasi wofunitsitsa kudzipereka okha nsembe kwa ena zabwino. M'nkhani owerenga ndi khalidwe la fano Matrona.

"Matryona": maziko enieni a mankhwala

Solzhenitsyn analemba nkhani mu 1959 ndipo poyamba kuti "sikuthandiza m'mudzi popanda munthu wolungama" (kuchokera kufufuza Likupita pambuyo pake kukonzedwa). The zinachitika wa khalidwe chachikulu chinali Matrona Timofeevna Zakharova, yemwe amakhala m'mudzi Miltsevo, yomwe ili m'dera Vladimir. Wolemba ankakhala zaka za uchitelstvovaniya atabwerera ku m'misasa. Choncho, maganizo ndi malingaliro a owerenga makamaka ikusonyeza malingaliro a wolemba, kuyambira tsiku loyambalo, anavomereza kuti, anamva m'nyumba sankadziwa kanthu mkazi pafupi ndi mtima wabwino. N'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zingatheke, kumvetsa makhalidwe a Matrona.

"Matryona": kudziwana woyamba ndi heroine ndi

Grigorieva anatsogolera owerenga m'nyumba, pamene zonse zimene mungachite kuti ndi kuthetsa nyumba kale kale. chakuti Marya Vasilievna ankakhala okha ku nyumba yakale. chuma chake onse anali bedi, tebulo, mabenchi ndipo ankakonda mbuye wa zomera mphira. Inde, wosalimba mphaka, chimene mkazi wa chisoni anatola pa msewu, ndi mbuzi. Penshioni iye analandira monga pa famu m'malo workdays izo timitengo-invoiced. Ntchito sakanakhoza chifukwa cha matenda. Komabe, patapita Movutikira iye anapereka penshioni imfa ya mwamuna wake. Izo nthawizonse mwakachetechete anathandiza aliyense amene anayankhula kwa iye, osakola kanthu ntchito zawo. "Matryona" Ichi ndi mbali yoyamba ya nkhani Matryona. Mwina zidzawonjezedwa kuti wophika sankadziwa mmene mlimi kwambiri, koma lendi anali nepriveredliv ndipo sanadandaule. Ndipo angapo zina mwezi izo anaukira amphamvu matenda, pamene mkazi sakanakhoza kuimirira. Koma pa nthawi imene iye sankadandaula, ndipo anafuna ngakhale kuti amalira kuti si kusokoneza lendi. Makamaka wolemba umalimbikitsa maso a buluu ndi chowala kumwetulira - chizindikiro cha omasukirana ndi kukoma mtima.

Zovuta tsoka la heroine ndi

Nkhani kumathandiza kumvetsa bwino munthuyo. Popanda chingakhale chosakwanira ndipo Matrona mbali mu nkhani "Matryona".

ana awo wamba sikunali: onse asanu anamwalira ali wakhanda. Iye anakwatiwa Osatinso chifukwa: zaka zingapo kudikira mkwatibwi wa kutsogolo, kenako anavomera kukhala naye mkazi wa mbale wace wangono - inali nthawi yovuta, ndipo dzanja m'banja sikokwanira. Atangobadwa ukwati kumbuyo Thaddeus Young, yemwe adakhululukira Yefim ndi Marya. Iye akhapidziwa kuti iye anaika themberero pa iwo, ndipo kenako mwamuna wa heroine ndi idzapita pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Mkazi adzatenga maphunziro a Koresi, mwana wamng'ono wa Thaddeus, napatsa chikondi ndi chisamaliro. owerenga Zonsezi anaphunzira Hostess, ndipo iye mwadzidzidzi patsogolo pake mu amati latsopano. Ngakhale ndiye, owerenga kuzindikira mmene kuchokera weniweni woyamba khalidwe Matrona wake.

Matryona azungu kukhala maso kugwira Thaddeus, amene ankafuna kutenga malowolo, woikidwa Cyrus oterewa mayi. gawo ili la chipinda chapamwamba ndipo imfa ya heroine lapansi.

Khala ena

Marya Vasilievna nthaŵi yaitali presentiment ya vuto. Mlembi amafotokoza kuvutika kwake, pamene kunapezeka kuti pa ubatizo wina watenga mphika wa madzi oyera ake. Kenako mwadzidzidzi Ndataya mphaka. Ndi pamaso parsing makeke Hostess ndipo sanali yekha kupita. Denga kugwa anatanthauza mapeto kwa moyo wake. Ya zinthu zazing'ono izi kuwonjezera apo moyo wonse wa heroine, iye sanakhale moyo kwa iyemwini koma kwa ena. Pamene Marya Vasilevna anapita pamodzi ndi aliyense pa sitima kuwoloka, iye anafuna kuthandiza. Mowona, lotseguka, osati anamukwiyitsa ndi kupanda chilungamo moyo. Onse analandira monga tsogolo yoikidwiratu, ndipo konse kudandaula. Kuti ndi mapeto mwachidule makhalidwe Matrona.

"Matryona" itha maliro powonekera kufotokoza heroine. Iwo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kumvetsetsa mmene mlimi kwa anthu amene anazungulira ake. The owerenga limati ndi ululu kuti alongo ndi Thaddeus yomweyo anayamba kugaŵana zochepa katundu Hostess. Ndipo ngakhale bwenzi ngati moona akukumana imfa, anali nthawi kuti akathyole nokha jekete. Pa maziko a zimene zikuchitika owerenga mwadzidzidzi anakumbukira Marya moyo, wosiyana kwambiri ndi ena onse. Ndipo ndinazindikira: ndi chinthu chomwe ali wolungama, popanda zomwe si ofunika m'mudzi umodzi. Kotero kuti pali mudzi - onse a m'dziko lathu. Titha ndi moyo ndi makhalidwe a Matrona.

"Matryona" lili wolemba chisoni kuti safanana naye iye (monga, ndithudi, ndi ena) sangathe kumvetsa bwinobwino ukulu wa mkazi uyu. Chifukwa mukhoza kuzindikira ntchito ya Solzhenitsyn monga ngati kulapa kwa heroine khungu lake ndi ena mwauzimu.

Choncho, mukhoza kuona mfundo ina. Pa thupi ziwalo za heroine anakhalabe labwinobwino nkhope yowala ndi dzanja lamanja. "Iwo adzakhala ndi ife mu dziko kupemphera," - anati mmodzi wa akazi mu nkhani "Matryona". Kaperekedwe Matrona, motero kukakamiza ife kuona kuti anthu ambiri amakhala m'malo mumamva angathe kusunga ulemu wa munthu, kukoma mtima, kudzichepetsa. Ndipo mwina chifukwa cha iwo, pali m'dzikoli mwadzaza nkhanza, mfundo monga chifundo, chisoni, chithandizo mangawawo.